Editing 1965 in politics

{{short description|none}}
{{yearbox
| in?=in politics
| cp=19th century
| c=20th century
| cf=21st century
| yp1=1962
| yp2=1963
| yp3=1964
| year=1965
| ya1=1966
| ya2=1967
| ya3=1968
| dp3=1930s
| dp2=1940s
| dp1=1950s
| d=1960–1969{{!}}1960s
| dn1=1970s
| dn2=1980s
| dn3=1990s
|}}

This is a list of events in '''1965 in politics'''.

==Events==

=== January ===
*January 14 - The Prime Minister of [[Northern Ireland]] and the [[Taoiseach]] of the [[Republic of Ireland]] meet for the first time in 43 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=On this day in Irish History, January 14|url=https://ireland-calling.com/january14/|access-date=2020-10-20|website=Ireland Calling|language=en-gb}}</ref>
*January 20 - [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] is [[Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson|sworn in]] for a full term as President of the United States.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taylor|first=Alastair M.|date=1965|title=Sukarno: First United Nations Drop-Out|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40199519|journal=International Journal|volume=20|issue=2|pages=206–213|doi=10.2307/40199519|jstor=40199519|issn=0020-7020|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*January 20 - [[Indonesia]]n President [[Sukarno]] announces the withdrawal of the Indonesian government from the [[United Nations]].

=== February ===
*February 18 - [[The Gambia]] becomes independent from the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gambia's Independence Day|url=http://www.accessgambia.com/information/independence-day.html|access-date=2020-10-20|website=www.accessgambia.com}}</ref>
*February 21 -  African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist [[Malcolm X]] is assassinated in New York City.
*February 23 - [[Herberts Cukurs]], a Latvian aviator, mass murderer and former Nazi collaborator is unofficially executed by [[Mossad]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-21|title=How a Mossad Agent and a Band of Survivors Hunted Down the Butcher of Latvia|url=https://crimereads.com/how-a-mossad-agent-and-a-band-of-survivors-hunted-down-the-butcher-of-latvia/|access-date=2020-10-20|website=CrimeReads|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== March ===

* March 7 - [[Bloody Sunday (1965)|Bloody Sunday]]: Some 200 Alabama State Troopers attack 525 civil rights demonstrators in [[Selma, Alabama]], as they attempt to [[Selma to Montgomery marches|march to the state capitol of Montgomery]].
* March 8 - Some 3,500 [[United States Marines]] arrive in [[Da Nang]], [[South Vietnam]], becoming the first American ground combat troops in [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TWE Remembers: The First U.S. Combat Troops Arrive in Vietnam|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/twe-remembers-first-us-combat-troops-arrive-vietnam|access-date=2020-10-20|website=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en}}</ref>
* March 9 - The second attempt, known as [[Selma to Montgomery marches#Second march: "Turnaround Tuesday"|"Turnaround Tuesday"]], to march from Selma to [[Montgomery, Alabama]], under the leadership of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], stops at the bridge that was the site of Bloody Sunday, to hold a prayer service and return to Selma.
* March 16 - Police clash with 600 [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]] marchers in [[Montgomery, Alabama]].
* March 17 - In response to the events of March 7 and 9 in [[Selma, Alabama]], President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] sends a bill to Congress that forms the basis for the [[1965 Voting Rights Act|Voting Rights Act]] of 1965. It is passed by the [[United States Senate|Senate]] May 26, the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] July 10, and signed into law by President Johnson August 6.
* March 18 - A [[United States federal judge]] rules that [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference|SCLC]] has the lawful right to march to [[Montgomery, Alabama]], to petition for "redress of grievances".
* March 20 - The [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] begins.
* March 22 – [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] becomes the first secretary of the [[Romanian Communist Party]], after the death of previous leader [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej]] earlier that year.
* March 23 - [[1965 Moroccan riots|Large student demonstration]] in Morocco, joined by discontented masses, is met with violent police and military repression.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-03-21|title=Que s'est-il vraiment passé le 23 mars 1965 ? – Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/86510/archives-thematique/que-s-est-il-vraiment-pass-le-23-mars-1965/|access-date=2020-10-20|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref>
* March 25 -  [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] and 25,000 civil rights activists successfully complete [[Selma to Montgomery marches#March to Montgomery|the 4-day march]] from Selma, Alabama, to the capitol in Montgomery.
* March 30 - The second [[ODECA]] charter, signed on December 12, [[1962]], becomes effective.

=== April ===

* April 9 - The West German parliament extends the [[statute of limitations]] on [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[war crime]]s.
* April 17 - The first [[Students for a Democratic Society]] march against the Vietnam War draws 25,000 protestors to Washington, D.C.
* April 24 - The [[1965 Yerevan demonstrations]] start in Yerevan, demanding recognition of the [[Armenian genocide]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Beyond invisible walls : the psychological legacy of Soviet trauma, East European therapists, and their patients|date=2001|publisher=Brunner-Routledge |editor1=Lindy, Jacob D. |editor2=Lifton, Robert Jay |isbn=1-58391-318-1|location=Philadelphia, PA|oclc=47136551}}</ref>
* April 24 - In the [[Dominican Republic]], officers and civilians loyal to deposed President [[Juan Bosch (politician)|Juan Bosch]] against the right-wing junta running the country, setting up a [[provisional government]]. Forces loyal to the deposed military-imposed government stage a countercoup the next day, and [[Dominican Civil War|civil war]] breaks out
* April 28 - [[American occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)|U.S. troops occupy the Dominican Republic.]]
* April 29 - [[Australia]] announces that it is sending an [[infantry]] battalion to support the [[South Vietnam]] government.

=== May ===

* May 1 - [[Robert Askin|Bob Askin]] replaces [[Jack Renshaw]] as Premier of [[New South Wales]].
* May 12 - [[West Germany]] and [[Israel]] establish diplomatic relations.
* May 22 - Several hundred Vietnam War protesters in Berkeley, California, march to the Draft Board again to burn 19 more cards. [[Lyndon Johnson]] is hung in [[effigy]].

=== June ===

* June 10 - [[Vietnam War]] – [[Battle of Dong Xoai]]: About 1,500 [[Viet Cong]] mount a mortar attack on [[Đồng Xoài]], overrunning its military headquarters and the adjoining militia compound.
* June 19 - [[Houari Boumediene]]'s Revolutionary Council ousts [[Ahmed Ben Bella]], in a bloodless [[coup]] in [[Algeria]].
* June 20 - Police in [[Algiers]] break up demonstrations by people who have taken to the streets chanting slogans in support of deposed President [[Ahmed Ben Bella]].
* June 22 - The [[Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea]] is signed in [[Tokyo]].

=== July ===

* July 1 - [[Commonwealth of Nations|The Commonwealth]] is created.
* July 15 - Greek Prime minister [[Georgios Papandreou]] and his government are dismissed by King [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II]].
* July 26 - The [[Maldives]] receive full independence from Great Britain.
* July 27 - [[Edward Heath]] becomes Leader of the British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].
* July 28 - U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in [[South Vietnam]] from 75,000 to 125,000, and to more than double the number of men drafted per month - from 17,000 to 35,000.
* July 30 - U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] signs the [[Social Security Act of 1965]] into law, establishing [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Medicaid]].

=== August ===
*August 4 - The [[Cook Islands]] becomes a free [[New Zealand]]-[[associated state]], with its own [[constitution of the Cook Islands|constitution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Cook_Islands.html|title=Cook Islands|publisher=World Statesmen|access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref>
*August 6 - U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] signs the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]] into law, outlawing [[literacy test]]s and other discriminatory voting practices.
*August 9 - [[Singapore]] leaves [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Singapore.html|title=Singapore|publisher=World Statesmen|access-date=24 January 2013}}</ref>
*August 11 - The [[Watts Riots]] begin in Los Angeles, ending on the 16th after resulting in 34 deaths and over 3,000 arrests.
*August 18 - [[Vietnam War]] – [[Operation Starlite]]: 5,500 [[United States Marines]] destroy a [[Viet Cong]] stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in [[Quảng Ngãi Province]], in the first major American ground battle of the war.
*August 19 - At the conclusion of the [[Frankfurt Auschwitz trials]], 66 ex-[[SS]] personnel receive [[life sentence]]s, 15 others smaller ones.
*August 20 - [[Jonathan Myrick Daniels]], an [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] seminarian from [[Keene, New Hampshire]], is murdered in [[Hayneville, Alabama]], while working in the [[civil rights movement]].
*August 31 - President Johnson signs a law penalizing the burning of draft cards with up to 5 years in prison and a $1,000 fine.

=== September ===

* September 2 - [[Pakistan]]i troops enter the Indian sector of [[Kashmir]], while Indian troops try to invade [[Lahore]].
* September 9 - [[United Nations Secretary-General|U.N. Secretary General]] [[U Thant]] negotiates with Pakistan President [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]].
* September 9 - [[U Thant]] recommends China for [[United Nations]] membership.
* September 9 - The [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development]] is established.
* September 14 - The fourth and final period of the [[Second Vatican Council]] opens.
* September 16 - China protests against Indian provocations in its border region.
* September 16 - In [[Iraq]], Prime Minister [[Arif Abd ar-Razzaq]]'s attempted coup fails.
* September 17 - King [[Constantine II of Greece]] forms a new government with Prime Minister [[Stephanos Stephanopoulos]], in an attempt to end a 2-year-old political crisis.
* September 18 - [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Soviet Premier]] [[Alexei Kosygin]] invites the leaders of India and Pakistan to meet in the Soviet Union to negotiate.
* September 19 - Pakistani Forces achieve a decisive victory at the [[Battle of Chawinda]], ultimately halting the Indian advance and successfully stabilizing the [[Sialkot]] Front.
* September 21 - [[Gambia]], [[Maldives]] and [[Singapore]] are admitted as [[Members of the United Nations|members]] of the [[United Nations]].
* September 24 - The British governor of [[Aden]] cancels the constitution and takes direct control of the protectorate, due to the bad security situation.
* September 28 - [[Fidel Castro]] announces that anyone who wants to can emigrate to the [[United States]].
* September 30 - The [[Indonesia]]n army, led by General [[Suharto]], crushes an alleged communist coup attempt (see [[Transition to the New Order]] and [[30 September Movement]]).

=== October ===

* October 3 - [[Fidel Castro]] announces that [[Che Guevara]] has resigned and left the country.
* October 3 - U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] signs the [[Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965]] which ends quotas based on [[national origin]].
* October 4 - Prime minister [[Ian Smith]] of [[Rhodesia]] and [[Arthur Bottomley]] of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] begin negotiations in London.
* October 5 - [[Pakistan]] severs [[diplomatic relations]] with [[Malaysia]] because of disagreement in the UN.
* October 8 - [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966]]: The Indonesian army instigates the arrest and execution of communists which last until next March.
* October 9 - A brigade of South Korean soldiers arrive in [[South Vietnam]].
* October 12 - The [[United Nations|U.N.]] recommends that the [[United Kingdom]] try everything to stop a rebellion in [[Rhodesia]].
*October 12 - [[Per Borten]] replaces [[Einar Gerhardsen]] as prime minister of Norway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Norway.htm|title=Norway|publisher=World Statesmen|access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref>
*October 13 - Congo President [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fires Prime Minister [[Moise Tshombe]] and forms a provisional government, with [[Évariste Kimba]] in a leading position.
*October 15 - [[Vietnam War]]: The [[Catholic Worker Movement]] stages an anti-war protest in Manhattan. One [[draft card]] burner is arrested, the first under the new law.
*October 16 - [[Anti-war protests]] draw 100,000 in 80 U.S. cities and around the world
*October 18 - The Indonesian government outlaws the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Bartrop, Paul Robert |title=A biographical encyclopedia of contemporary genocide portraits of evil and good|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-38678-7|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|oclc=768800354}}</ref>
*October 20 - [[Ludwig Erhard]] is re-elected [[Chancellor of West Germany]] (he had first been elected in 1963).
*October 21 - The [[Organization of African Unity]] meets in [[Accra]], [[Ghana]].
*October 22 - African countries demand that the [[United Kingdom]] use force to prevent [[Rhodesia]] from declaring unilateral independence.
*October 22 - Colonel [[Christophe Soglo]] stages a second coup in [[Dahomey]].
*October 24 - British Prime Minister [[Harold Wilson]] and Commonwealth Secretary [[Arthur Bottomley]] travel to [[Rhodesia]] for negotiations.
*October 25 - The [[Soviet Union]] declares its support of African countries in case [[Rhodesia]] unilaterally declares independence.
*October 26 - Anti-government demonstrations occur in the [[Dominican Republic]].
*October 27 - [[Süleyman Demirel]] of [[Justice Party (Turkey)|AP]] forms the new government of [[Turkey]] (30th government).
*October 27 - [[Brazil]]ian president [[Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco]] removes power from parliament, legal courts and all opposition parties.
*October 28 - [[French Foreign Minister]] [[Maurice Couve de Murville]] travels to Moscow.
*October 28 - [[Mehdi Ben Barka]], a Moroccan politician, is kidnapped in Paris and never seen again
*October 28 - [[Pope Paul VI]] promulgates ''[[Nostra aetate]]'', a "Declaration on the Relation of the (Roman Catholic) Church with Non-Christian Religions" by the [[Second Vatican Council]] which includes a statement that Jews are not collectively responsible for the death of [[Jesus]].
*October 30 - In Washington, D.C., a pro-Vietnam War march draws 25,000.

=== November ===

* November 2 - Republican [[John Lindsay|John Vliet Lindsay]] is elected [[mayor of New York City]].
* November 2 - [[Quaker]] [[Norman Morrison]], 32, sets himself on fire in front of [[The Pentagon]]; he dies of his injuries.
* November 3 - [[President of France|French President]] [[Charles de Gaulle]] announces (just short of his 75th birthday) that he will stand for re-election.
* November 5 - [[Martial law]] is announced in [[Rhodesia]]. The [[United Nations General Assembly]] accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary by a vote of 82–9.
* November 8 - [[Vietnam War]] – [[Operation Hump]]: The United States Army [[173rd Airborne]] is ambushed by over 1,200 [[Viet Cong]]
* November 8 - The [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] is created, consisting of [[Chagos Archipelago]], [[Aldabra]], [[Farquhar Group|Farquhar]] and [[Desroches Island|Desroches]] islands.
* November 8 - The [[Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965]] is given Royal Assent, suspending the [[death penalty]] for murder in the United Kingdom.
* November 9 -In New York City, 22-year-old [[Catholic Worker Movement]] member [[Roger Allen LaPorte]] sets himself on fire in front of the [[United Nations]] building in protest against the [[Vietnam War]].
*November 11 - In [[Rhodesia]] (modern-day [[Zimbabwe]]), the white-minority government of [[Ian Smith]] [[Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence|unilaterally declares ''de facto'' independence]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Zimbabwe.html|title=Zimbabwe|publisher=World Statesmen|access-date=24 January 2013}}</ref>
*November 12 - A [[United Nations Security Council resolution|UN Security Council resolution]] (voted 10–0) recommends that other countries not recognize independent Rhodesia.
*November 14 - [[Battle of Ia Drang]]: In the [[Ia Drang Valley]] of the [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]] in [[Vietnam]], the first major engagement of the war between regular United States and [[North Vietnam]]ese forces begins.
*November 20 - The [[United Nations Security Council]] recommends that all states stop trading with [[Rhodesia]].
*November 22 - The [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) is established as a specialized agency of the [[United Nations]].
*November 23 - Soviet general [[Mikhail Kazakov]] assumes command of the [[Warsaw Pact]].
*November 24 - [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] [[lieutenant general]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] ousts [[Joseph Kasavubu]] and declares himself president.
*November 26 - At the [[Hammaguir]] launch facility in the [[Sahara Desert]], France launches a [[Diamant A]] rocket with its first [[satellite]], ''[[Astérix (satellite)|Astérix-1]]'' on board, becoming the third country to enter [[outer space]].
*November 27 - Tens of thousands of Vietnam War protesters picket the [[White House]], then march on the [[Washington Monument]].
*November 27 - [[The Pentagon]] tells U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] that if planned major sweep operations to neutralize [[Viet Cong]] forces during the next year are to succeed, the number of American troops in [[Vietnam]] will have to be increased from 120,000 to 400,000.
*November 28 - Vietnam War: In response to U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'s call for "more flags" in [[Vietnam]], [[Philippines]] [[President-elect]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]] announces he will send troops to help fight in [[South Vietnam]].

=== December ===

* December 1 - The [[Border Security Force]] is established in India as a special force to guard the borders.
* December 3 - The first British aid flight arrives in [[Lusaka]]; [[Zambia]] had asked for British help against Rhodesia.
* December 3 - Members of the [[Organization of African Unity]] decide to sever diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom, unless the [[British Government]] ends the rebellion of Rhodesia by mid-December.
* December 5 - The "[[Glasnost Meeting]]" in Moscow becomes the first spontaneous political demonstration, and the first demonstration for civil rights in the [[Soviet Union]]
* December 8 - Rhodesian prime minister [[Ian Smith]] warns that [[Rhodesia]] will resist a [[trade embargo]] by neighboring countries with force.
* December 8 - The [[Race Relations Act 1965|Race Relations Act]] becomes the first legislation to address racial discrimination in the UK.
* December 8 - The [[Second Vatican Council]] closes.
* December 15 - The [[Caribbean Free Trade Association]] (CARIFTA) is formed.
* December 15 - [[Tanzania]] and [[Guinea]] sever [[diplomatic relations]] with the United Kingdom.
* December 17 - The British government begins an oil [[embargo]] against [[Rhodesia]]; the [[United States]] joins the effort.
* December 20 - The [[World Food Programme]] is made a permanent agency of the [[United Nations]].
* December 21 - The [[Soviet Union]] announces that it has shipped rockets to [[North Vietnam]].
* December 21 - In West Germany, [[Konrad Adenauer]] resigns as chairman of the Christian Democratic Party.
* December 21 - The [[United Nations]] adopts the [[International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]].
* December 22 - A [[military coup]] is launched in [[Dahomey]].
* December 25 - The [[Yemen]]i [[Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation]] is founded in [[Ta'izz]].
* December 28 - Italian Foreign Minister Amintore Fanfani resigns.
* December 30 - President [[Kenneth Kaunda]] of [[Zambia]] announces that Zambia and the United Kingdom have agreed on a deadline before which the Rhodesian white government should be ousted.
* December 30 - [[Ferdinand Marcos]] becomes [[President of the Philippines]].
* December 31 - [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa|Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] takes power in the [[Central African Republic]].

==Deaths==

===January 24===
*[[Winston Churchill]], former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (1940–1945) and (1951–1955).

=== February 21 ===

* [[Malcolm X]] African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist is assassinated in New York City.

=== March 11 ===

* [[James Reeb]], an American [[Unitarian Universalism|Unitarian Universalist]] minister, pastor, and activist during the [[civil rights movement]]. While participating in the [[Selma to Montgomery marches]] he was murdered by white [[segregationists]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Howlett|first=Duncan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D3fTCz4qPb0C&dq=james+reeb&pg=PP1|title=No Greater Love: The James Reeb Story|date=1993|publisher=Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations|isbn=978-1-55896-317-7|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1965 In Politics}}
[[Category:1965 in politics| ]]
[[Category:Politics by year]]
[[Category:20th century in politics]]
[[Category:1960s in politics]]