Editing 195 BC

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{{BC year in topic|195}}
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Year '''195 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Flaccus and Cato''' (or, less frequently, '''year 559 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 195 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Carthage ====
* Because of his administrative and constitutional reforms in [[Ancient Carthage|Carthage]], [[Hannibal]] becomes unpopular with an important faction of the Carthaginian nobility and he is denounced to the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] for inciting the [[Seleucid]] king [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus III]] to take up arms against the Romans. Rome demands that Carthage surrender Hannibal. However, Hannibal voluntarily goes into exile.

==== Seleucid Empire ====
* Tensions between Antiochus III and Rome increase when Hannibal is given refuge by Antiochus III at [[Ephesus]] and becomes his adviser.
* After Roman diplomatic intervention, Antiochus III finally halts his war with [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]]. In the peace agreement (the Peace of Lysimachia), Antiochus III formally takes possession of southern [[Syria]], which has been fought over for 100 years by the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemies]] and Seleucids, and also takes possession of the Egyptian territories in [[Anatolia]].

==== Roman Republic ====
* A Spanish revolt against Roman consolidation of the ex-Carthaginian colonies is effectively put down by [[Cato the Elder|Marcus Porcius Cato]] ("the Censor"). He avoids one defeat by paying the [[Celtiberians]] 200 [[Talent (measurement)|talents]] (around 120,000 [[denarii]]), a much-criticised tactic. On Cato's return to Rome, [[Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus|Aemilius Paulus]] succeeds him as Roman governor in [[Spain]].
* The Roman sumptuary law, the [[Lex Oppia]], which restricts not only a woman's wealth, but also her display of wealth, is repealed despite [[Roman consul|consul]] [[Cato the Elder|Marcus Porcius Cato]]'s strong opposition.

==== Greece ====
* The [[Battle of Gythium]] is fought between [[Sparta]] and a coalition of Rome, [[Rhodes]], the [[Achaean League]] and [[Pergamum]]. As the port of [[Gythium]] is an important Spartan base, the allies decide to capture it before they advance inland to Sparta. The Romans and the Acheans are joined outside the city by the Pergamese and Rhodian fleets. The Spartans hold out; however, the proconsul [[Titus Quinctius Flamininus]] arrives with 4,000 extra men. Facing too great an army, the Spartans decide to surrender the city on the condition that the garrison can leave unharmed. As a result, [[Nabis of Sparta|Nabis]], the tyrant of Sparta, is forced to abandon the surrounding land and withdraw to the city of Sparta. Later that year, Sparta capitulates to the allies.

==== Egypt ====
* [[Aristophanes of Byzantium]], Greek scholar, critic and grammarian, becomes the chief librarian at [[Alexandria]].

==== China ====
* Facing the suspicion of [[Emperor Gaozu of Han]], [[Lu Wan]], the king of the [[State of Yan]], flees north of the [[Great Wall of China]]. 
* Gaozu sends general [[Fan Kuai]] to seek out Lu Wan but then arrests the general on suspicion of planning to murder [[Consort Qi (Han dynasty)|Consort Qi]] and her son to Gaozu, [[Liu Ruyi]]. Gaozu dies soon after, and Fan's sister-in-law [[Empress Lü]] orders his release.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Road to the Throne: How Liu Bang Founded China's Han Dynasty|year= 2011|isbn=978-0875868387|pages= 219–225}}</ref>
* [[Chang'an]], the capital of [[China]], is thought to become the largest city in the world at this time, taking over from [[Patna|Pataliputra]], the capital of the [[Mauryan empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm |title=Geography at about.com |access-date=March 1, 2006 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Korea ====
* [[Haemosu|Haemosu Dangun]], the first ruler of [[Bukbuyeo|Buyeo]], dies and his son [[Mosuri of Buyeo|Mosuri Dangun]] succeeds him to the throne.
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== Births ==
* [[Mithridates I of Parthia|Mithridates I]] (or Mithradates), "Great King" of [[Parthia]] from about [[171 BC]] who turned Parthia into a major political power and expanded the empire westward into [[Mesopotamia]] (d. [[138 BC]])
* [[Terence]] or Publius Terentius Afer, [[Roman Republic|Roman]] comic [[playwright]] (approximate date) (d. [[159 BC]])<ref>{{cite web | title=Terence | first=W. Geoffrey | last=Arnott | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Terence | access-date=February 24, 2024 | series=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Gaozu of Han]] (or Gao), first emperor of the Chinese [[Han dynasty]], who has ruled since [[202 BC]] (b. [[256 BC|256]] or [[247 BC]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:195 BC| ]]