Editing 1924 Winter Olympics

{{short description|Multi-sport event in Chamonix, France}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2021}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox Olympic games|1924|Winter|Olympics|
| image       = 1924WOlympicPoster.jpg
| image_size  = 165
| caption     = Poster for the 1924 Winter Olympic Games
| host_city   = [[Chamonix]], France
| nations     = 16 
| athletes    = 258<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fuller |first1=L. K. |title=Female Olympian and Paralympian Events |date=2018 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-3-319-76792-5 |page=2 }}</ref>
| events      = 16 in 5 [[Olympic sports|sports]] (9 disciplines)
| opening     = 25 January 1924
| closing     = 5 February 1924
| opened_by   = [[Gaston Vidal]] 
| stadium     = [[Stade Olympique de Chamonix]]
| winter_next = [[1928 Winter Olympics|St Moritz 1928]]
| summer_prev = [[1920 Summer Olympics|Antwerp 1920]]
| summer_next = [[1924 Summer Olympics|Paris 1924]] 
}}
The '''1924 [[Winter Olympics]]''', officially known as the '''I Olympic Winter Games''' ({{langx|fr|I<sup>ers</sup> Jeux olympiques d'hiver}}) and commonly known as '''Chamonix 1924''' ({{langx|frp|Chamôni 1924}}), were a winter [[multi-sport event]] which was held in 1924 in [[Chamonix]], France. Originally held in association with the [[1924 Summer Olympics]], the sports competitions were held at the foot of [[Mont Blanc]] in [[Chamonix]], and [[Haute-Savoie]], France between 25&nbsp;January and 5&nbsp;February 1924.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myartdecostyle.com/1924-winter-olympics-medals-posters-bobsleighs/|title=1924 Winter Olympics – Medals, Posters and Bobsleighs|publisher=My Art Deco Style|access-date=25 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173154/http://ww38.myartdecostyle.com/1924-winter-olympics-medals-posters-bobsleighs/|archive-date=25 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>  The Games were organized by the [[French National Olympic and Sports Committee|French Olympic Committee]], and were originally reckoned as the "International Winter Sports Week". With the success of the event, it was retroactively designated by the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) as "the first Olympic Winter Games".<ref name="IOC stamp of approval">{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/winter-games-given-stamp-of-approval |title=Winter Games given stamp of approval |website=olympic.org |access-date=16 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212151555/https://www.olympic.org/news/winter-games-given-stamp-of-approval |archive-date=12 December 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=CNN2014>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/winter-olympics-venues-past/index.html |title=10 historic Winter Olympic wonderlands |date=4 February 2014 |last=Elman |first=Leslie G. |website=[[CNN]] |access-date=16 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305182716/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/winter-olympics-venues-past/index.html |archive-date=5 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The tradition of holding the Winter Olympics in the same year as the Summer Olympics would continue until [[1992 Winter Olympics|1992]], after which the current practice of holding a Winter Olympics in the second year after each Summer Olympics began.

Although figure skating had been an Olympic event in both [[1908 Summer Olympics|London]] and [[1920 Summer Olympics|Antwerp]] and ice hockey had been an event in Antwerp, winter sports had always been limited by the season. In 1921, at the IOC convention in [[Lausanne]], there was a call for equality for winter sports. After much discussion, organizing an "international week of winter sport" in 1924 in Chamonix was decided.

While not one of the  official 16 events (nor one of the 6 [[Olympic sports|sports]]) during the "International Winter Sports Week", the closing ceremony included Pierre de Coubertin presenting gold medals in "Alpinism" ([[mountaineering]]) to the members of the [[1922 British Mount Everest expedition]], represented in Chamonix by [[Edward Lisle Strutt|Lt Col Edward Strutt]], deputy expedition leader.<ref name="olympicmedals1922expedition">{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Somesh |date=17 August 2012 |title=The faceless hero Nepal's only Olympic Gold medalist in focus 
|url=https://kathmandupost.com/news/2012-08-17/the-faceless-hero-nepals-only-olympic-gold-medalist-in-focus.html |url-status=dead |work=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |publisher=[[Kantipur Publications|Kantipur Publications Limited]]
|location=Kathmandu, Nepal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216221606/http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2012-08-17/the-faceless-hero-nepals-only-olympic-gold-medalist-in-focus.html |archive-date=16 December 2018 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>{{efn|Thirteen names were included at the 1924 closing ceremony. An additional eight expedition members were later awarded gold medals, after a request to the [[International Olympic Committee]] by 1922 expedition leader General [[Charles Granville Bruce]].<ref name="olympicmedals1922expedition"/>}}

==Highlights==

=== Day 2 ===
The first [[gold medal]] to be awarded at the Olympic Winter Games was won by [[Charles Jewtraw]] of the [[United States at the 1924 Winter Olympics|United States]] in the [[Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics – Men's 500 metres|500-meter speed skate]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/26-january-1924-charles-jewtraw-was-the-inaugural-winner-at-the-olympic-winter-games-in-chamonix |title=26 January 1924: Charles Jewtraw was the inaugural winner at the Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix |date=26 January 2020 |website=olympic.org |access-date=16 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810062540/https://www.olympic.org/news/26-january-1924-charles-jewtraw-was-the-inaugural-winner-at-the-olympic-winter-games-in-chamonix |archive-date=10 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> making him the first Winter Olympic champion.<ref name="IOC Factsheet">{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/The_Olympic_Winter_Games.pdf |title=IOC Factsheet, Olympic Winter Games |date=September 2014 |website=olympic.org |page=1 |access-date=17 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323221203/https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/The_Olympic_Winter_Games.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Day 4 ===
[[Sonja Henie]] of [[Norway at the 1924 Winter Olympics|Norway]], at just eleven years old, took part in the ladies' figure skating competition. Although she finished last, she became popular with fans and went on to take gold at the following three Winter Olympics.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/02/21/the-worlds-first-olympic-ice-queen-became-a-hollywood-star-and-a-hitler-admirer/ |title=The world's first Olympic ice queen became a Hollywood star – and a Hitler admirer |last=Bogage |first=Jacob |date=21 February 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324191654/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/02/21/the-worlds-first-olympic-ice-queen-became-a-hollywood-star-and-a-hitler-admirer/ |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=dead |access-date=16 March 2021 }}</ref>

=== Day 6 ===
Figure skater [[Gillis Grafström]] of [[Sweden at the 1924 Winter Olympics|Sweden]] became the first athlete to successfully defend his Summer Olympic title at the Winter Olympics (having won a gold medal in [[1920 Summer Olympics|1920]]).

=== Day 8 ===
The Canadian ice hockey team ([[Toronto Granites]]) finished their qualifying round with three wins against Czechoslovakia (30–0), Sweden (22–0), and Switzerland (33–0), scoring a total of 85 goals and conceding none.<ref name="IOC Canadian Ice Hockey">{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/harry-watson-and-the-canadian-ice-hockey-goal-glut |title=Harry Watson and the Canadian ice hockey goal glut |website=olympic.org |access-date=17 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225080010/https://www.olympic.org/news/harry-watson-and-the-canadian-ice-hockey-goal-glut |archive-date=25 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Day 10 ===
Finding themselves in the same situation as Gillis Grafström, the Canadian ice hockey team is the last to defend its Summer Olympics title at the Winter Olympics successfully. Canada would dominate ice hockey in early Olympic competitions, winning six of the first seven gold medals awarded.

=== Epilogue ===
[[Taffy Abel]] (1900–1964) was an Indigenous [[Ojibwe]] ice hockey player. He was the first Native American in the [[Winter Olympic Games]] (1924 Hockey Silver Medal), 1924 Flag Bearer for the [[United States at the 1924 Winter Olympics]], first Native American in the [[National Hockey League]] (1926), [[Stanley Cup]] champion (1929) and (1934).

At the closing ceremony, a prize for a sport not part of the Olympic Winter Games was awarded for [[mountaineering|alpinism]] by [[Pierre de Coubertin]] to [[Edward Lisle Strutt|Lt Col Edward Strutt]], the deputy leader of and on behalf of the [[1922 British Mount Everest expedition|British expedition]] which had attempted to climb Mount Everest in 1922.<ref name="olympic-heroes">{{cite news |last=Online |first=Wales |date=8 February 2014 |title=Remembering Wales' winter Olympic heroes of 90 years ago |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/remembering-wales-winter-olympic-heroes-6685583 |url-status=live |work=[[Media Wales#WalesOnline|WalesOnline]] |publisher=Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales |location=UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316235311/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/remembering-wales-winter-olympic-heroes-6685583 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=24 November 2022}}</ref>

For the first time in the history of the modern Olympics, the host country (in this case, [[France at the 1924 Winter Olympics|France]]) failed to win any gold medals, finishing with three bronze medals. The same outcome occurred at the [[1928 Winter Olympics|next Winter Olympics]] in St. Moritz where [[Switzerland at the 1928 Winter Olympics|Switzerland]] won only a single bronze medal, the lowest ever output by a host nation at an Olympics. Later host nations to finish without gold medals included [[Canada at the 1976 Winter Olympics|Canada]] at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in Montreal, [[Yugoslavia at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Yugoslavia]] at the [[1984 Winter Olympics]] in Sarajevo, and [[Canada at the 1988 Winter Olympics|Canada]] for a second time at the [[1988 Winter Olympics]] in Calgary.

In 1925, the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) decided to organize the Olympic Winter Games every four years, independent of the Olympic Games proper, and recognized the International Winter Sports Week as the first Olympic Winter Games in retrospect.

The final individual medal of Chamonix 1924 was presented in 1974. The [[Ski jumping at the 1924 Winter Olympics|ski jumping event]] was unusual because the bronze medalist was not determined for fifty years. Norway's [[Thorleif Haug]] was awarded third place at the event's conclusion, but a clerical error in calculating Haug's score was discovered in 1974 by skiing historian [[Jakob Vaage]], who further determined that [[Anders Haugen]] of the United States, who had finished fourth, had actually scored 0.095 points more than Haug. This was verified by the IOC, and in Oslo in September 1974, Haug's daughter presented the medal to the 86-year-old Haugen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archivepyc.nbcolympics.com/news/86-year-old-bricklayer-anders-haugenwon-us-only-ski-jumping-medal |title=How an 86-year-old bricklayer won the U.S.'s only ski jumping medal |date=7 February 2018 |last=Bowker |first=Matt |website=[[NBC Olympic broadcasts]] |access-date=17 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317231112/http://archivepyc.nbcolympics.com/news/86-year-old-bricklayer-anders-haugenwon-us-only-ski-jumping-medal |archive-date=17 March 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2006, the IOC confirmed that the medals awarded to the 1924 [[curling]] and [[military patrol]] teams were official.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/sports/curling/stories/index.shtml?/story/olympics/national/2006/02/08/Sports/curling_1924medals060208.html |title=1924 curling medals count: IOC |date=8 February 2006 |work=[[CBC Sports]] |access-date=16 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060215152237/http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/sports/curling/stories/index.shtml?%2Fstory%2Folympics%2Fnational%2F2006%2F02%2F08%2FSports%2Fcurling_1924medals060208.html |archive-date=15 February 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The IOC verified that curling was officially part of the program, after the ''[[Glasgow Herald]]'' newspaper filed a claim on behalf of the families of the team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/winter_sports/4699008.stm |title=GB curlers awarded belated gold |last=Thompson |first=Anna |date=9 February 2006|work=BBC Sport |access-date=23 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315071439/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/winter_sports/4699008.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Events ==
Medals were awarded in 16 events contested in 5 sports (9 disciplines). Many sources do not list curling and the military patrol, or list them as demonstration events. However, no such designation was made in 1924. In February 2006, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) ruled that curling and military patrol were full part of the Olympic program, and have included the medals awarded in the official count.

* {{GamesSport|Bobsleigh|Events=1}}
* {{GamesSport|Curling|Events=1}}
* {{GamesSport|Ice hockey|Events=1}}
* [[Ice Skating|Skating]]
** {{GamesSport|Figure skating|Events=3}}
** {{GamesSport|Speed skating|Events=5}}
* {{GamesSport|Nordic skiing}}
** {{GamesSport|Military patrol|Events=1}}{{efn |name=IOCMilitaryPatrol|The official website of the Olympic Movement now treats Men's Military Patrol at the 1924 Games as an event within the sport of [[Biathlon]].<ref name=IOC1924Biathlon>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/gamesandsportsummary/?sport=31666&games=1924%2F2&event= |title=Biathlon Results – Chamonix 1924 |website=olympic.org |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |access-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121014142/http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/gamesandsportsummary/?sport=31666&games=1924%2F2&event= |archive-date=21 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=IOC1924AllSports>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1924%2f2 |title=Olympic Games Medals, Results, Chamonix 1924 |website=olympic.org |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |access-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227180720/http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1924%2f2 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the 1924 Official Report treats it as an event and discipline within what was then called Skiing and is now called [[Nordic Skiing]].<ref name=OffRep1924MilPat01>Official Report (1924), p 646: Le Programme ... II. — Epreuves par équipes - 12. Ski : Course militaire (20 à 30 kilomètres, avec tir). (The Programme ... II. — Team events - 12. Skiing : Military Race (20 to 30 kilometres, with shooting)).</ref><ref name=OffRep1924MilPat02>Official Report (1924), p 664: CONCOURS DE SKI - Jurys - COURSE MILITAIRE. (Skiing Competitions - Juries - Military Race)</ref>}}
** {{GamesSport|Cross-country skiing|Events=2}}
** {{GamesSport|Nordic combined|Events=1}}
** {{GamesSport|Ski jumping|Events=1}}

==Venues==
{{Main|Venues of the 1924 Winter Olympics}}
* [[La Piste de Bobsleigh des Pellerins]] – Bobsleigh
* [[Le Tremplin Olympique du Mont]] – Ski jumping, Nordic combined (ski jumping)
* [[Stade Olympique de Chamonix]] – Cross-country skiing, Curling, Figure skating, Ice hockey, Military patrol, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing), and Speed skating

== Participating nations ==
Athletes from 16 nations competed in the first Winter Olympic Games. [[Germany at the Olympics|Germany]] was banned from competing in the games, and instead hosted a series of games called [[Deutsche Kampfspiele]].

<div>
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Participating [[:Category:Nations at the 1924 Winter Olympics|National Olympic Committees]]
|-
|
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{flagIOC|AUT|1924 Winter|4}}
* {{flagIOC|BEL|1924 Winter|18}}
* {{flagIOC|CAN|1924 Winter|12}}
* {{flagIOC|TCH|1924 Winter|27}}
* {{flagIOC|FIN|1924 Winter|17}}
* {{flagIOC|FRA|1924 Winter|43}} '''(host)'''
* {{flagIOC|GBR|1924 Winter|44}}
* {{flagIOC|HUN|1924 Winter|4}}
* {{flagIOC|ITA|1924 Winter|23}}
* {{flagIOC|LAT|1924 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|NOR|1924 Winter|14}}
* {{flagIOC|POL|1924 Winter|7}}
* {{flagIOC|SWE|1924 Winter|31}}
* {{flagIOC|SUI|1924 Winter|30}}
* {{flagIOC|USA|1924 Winter|24}}
* {{flagIOC|YUG|1924 Winter|4}}
{{div col end}}
|}
</div>
* {{flagIOC|EST|}} speed skater [[Christfried Burmeister]] was also in the list of participants but the message about his withdrawal was not sent to the organizers.<ref>{{cite web|title=I taliolümpiamängud Chamonix 1924 (25. jaanuar – 5. veebruar) |url=http://www.postimees.ee/150206/esileht/sport/189123.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912032356/http://www.postimees.ee/150206/esileht/sport/189123.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=[[Postimees]] |language=et |date=18 January 2006 }}</ref>

===Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees===

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="border:0;"
|- 
! [[List of IOC country codes|IOC Letter Code]]
! Country
! Athletes
|-
| GBR || {{flagIOC|GBR|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 44
|-
| FRA || {{flagIOC|FRA|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 43
|-
| SWE || {{flagIOC|SWE|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 31
|-
| SUI || {{flagIOC|SUI|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 30
|-
| TCH || {{flagIOC|TCH|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 27
|-
| USA || {{flagIOC|USA|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 24
|-
| ITA || {{flagIOC|ITA|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 23
|-
| BEL || {{flagIOC|BEL|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 18
|-
| FIN || {{flagIOC|FIN|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 17
|-
| NOR || {{flagIOC|NOR|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 14
|-
| CAN || {{flagIOC|CAN|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 12
|-
| POL || {{flagIOC|POL|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 7
|-
| AUT || {{flagIOC|AUT|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| HUN || {{flagIOC|HUN|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| YUG || {{flagIOC|YUG|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| LAT || {{flagIOC|LAT|1924 Winter}} ||align=center| 2
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan=2; style="text-align:right; border:0px; background:#fff;"| '''Total''' ||style="text-align:center; border:0px; background:#fff;"| '''258'''
|-
|}

== Medal count ==
{{Main|1924 Winter Olympics medal table}}

{{Medals table
 | caption        = 
 | host           = FRA
 | show_limit     = 
 | remaining_text = 
 | flag_template  = flagIOC
 | event          = 1924 Winter
 | team           = 
 | gold_NOR = 4 | silver_NOR = 7 | bronze_NOR = 6
 | gold_FIN = 4 | silver_FIN = 4 | bronze_FIN = 3
 | gold_AUT = 2 | silver_AUT = 1 | bronze_AUT = 0
 | gold_SUI = 2 | silver_SUI = 0 | bronze_SUI = 1
 | gold_USA = 1 | silver_USA = 2 | bronze_USA = 1
 | gold_GBR = 1 | silver_GBR = 1 | bronze_GBR = 2
 | gold_SWE = 1 | silver_SWE = 1 | bronze_SWE = 0
 | gold_CAN = 1 | silver_CAN = 0 | bronze_CAN = 0
 | gold_FRA = 0 | silver_FRA = 0 | bronze_FRA = 3 | host_FRA = yes
 | gold_BEL = 0 | silver_BEL = 0 | bronze_BEL = 1
}}

===Podium sweeps===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Date
!Sport
!Event
!NOC
!Gold
!Silver
!Bronze
|-
|30 January
|[[Cross-country skiing at the 1924 Winter Olympics|Cross-country skiing]] 
|[[Cross-country skiing at the 1924 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 kilometre|Men's 50 kilometre]]
|{{flagIOC|NOR|1924 Winter}}
|[[Thorleif Haug]]
|[[Thoralf Strømstad]]
|[[Johan Grøttumsbråten]]
|-
|4 February
|[[Nordic combined at the 1924 Winter Olympics|Nordic combined]] 
|[[Nordic combined at the 1924 Winter Olympics|Normal hill]]
|{{flagIOC|NOR|1924 Winter}}
|[[Thorleif Haug]]
|[[Thoralf Strømstad]]
|[[Johan Grøttumsbråten]]
|}

==See also==
* [[List of 1924 Winter Olympics medal winners]]
{{IOC seealso|games=1924 Winter Olympics }}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{IOC games|games=1924 Winter Olympics }}
* Official Report (1924) of both Summer and Winter games: {{cite book|title=Les Jeux de la VIII<sup>e</sup> Olympiade Paris 1924 – Rapport Officiel |editor=M. A. Avé, Comité Olympique Français |publisher=Librairie de France |location=Paris |language=fr |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1924/1924.pdf |access-date=7 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505162957/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1924/1924.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports|woly}}
{{s-new|sports}}
{{s-ttl|title=I Olympic Winter Games<br/>[[Chamonix]]|years=1924}}
{{s-aft|after=[[1928 Winter Olympics|St. Moritz]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Olympic Games}}
{{Events at the 1924 Winter Olympics}}
{{Nations at the 1924 Winter Olympics}}
{{1924 Winter Olympic venues}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Olympics|France|Sports|1920s}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Winter Olympics 1924}}
[[Category:1924 Winter Olympics| ]]
[[Category:Olympic Games in France|1924]]
[[Category:Winter Olympics by year|1924]]
[[Category:1924 in multi-sport events]]
[[Category:1924 in French sport]]
[[Category:January 1924 sports events in Europe]]
[[Category:February 1924 sports events in Europe]]
[[Category:Winter sports competitions in France|Olympics 1924]]
[[Category:Sport in Chamonix]]