Editing 1915 in literature

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1915|literature|poetry}}
This article contains information about the literary persons, events and publications of '''1915'''.

==Events==
*January – The [[Geração de Orpheu]] launch the short-lived magazine ''Orpheu'', introducing [[literary modernism]] to Portugal.<ref>{{citation|url=http://purl.pt/12089/2/|language=pt|title=Orpheu|editor-first=António|editor-last=Ferro|editor-link=António Ferro|place=Lisboa|date=January–March 1915|publisher=Orpheu, Lda.|issue=1–2}}</ref>
*[[January 13]] – "Reminiscences of Sergeant Michael Cassidy", the first known story by Captain [[H. C. McNeile]], [[Royal Engineers]], writing as "Sapper", begins in the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' (London).<ref>p. 4. {{Cite journal |last=Jaillant |first=Lise |title=Sapper, Hodder & Stoughton, and the Popular Literature of the Great War |journal=[[Book History (journal)|Book History]] |year=2011 |volume=14 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |issn=1098-7371 |page=140}}</ref>
*March – [[Ford Madox Ford]]'s novel ''[[The Good Soldier|The Good Soldier: A tale of passion]]'' is published by [[John Lane (publisher)|John Lane]] – [[The Bodley Head]] in London under this title, and under the author's original name, Ford Madox Hueffer, although he had intended it to be called ''The Saddest Story''.
*[[March 26]] – [[Virginia Woolf]]'s first novel, ''[[The Voyage Out]]'', is published in London by the firm of her half-brother, [[Gerald Duckworth]].
*[[April 6]] – The American [[Ezra Pound]]'s poetry collection ''[[Cathay (poetry collection)|Cathay]]'', "translations... for the most part of the Chinese of [[Rihaku]], from the notes of the late [[Ernest Fenollosa]], and the decipherings of the Professors Mori and Ariga", is published in London by [[Elkin Mathews]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moody |first=David A. |year=2007 |title=Ezra Pound, Poet: A Portrait of the Man and His Work, Volume '''I''', The Young Genius 1885–1920 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957146-8 |page=266}}</ref>
*[[April 23]] – English poet and writer [[Rupert Brooke]], having sailed on February 28 with the British [[Mediterranean Expeditionary Force]] for the [[Gallipoli campaign]], dies age 27 on a hospital ship of streptococcal [[sepsis]] from an infected mosquito bite off the Greek island of [[Skyros]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/dol/popups/rndofficer1.htm|title=Royal Naval Division service record (extract)|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|accessdate=2007-11-11}}</ref> in the Aegean, where he is buried this evening with fellow poet [[Patrick Shaw-Stewart]] in charge of the firing party. Brooke came to public attention as a war poet on March 11 when ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'' published two sonnets ("IV: [[The Dead (poem)|The Dead]]" and "V: [[The Soldier (poem)|The Soldier]]"); the latter was then read from the pulpit of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] on Easter Sunday (April 4). His collection of poetry, containing all five sonnets, ''1914 & Other Poems'', is first published posthumously in May and runs to 11 further impressions this year alone.
*[[April 24]] – [[Deportation of Armenian notables on 24 April 1915|Deportation of Armenian notables]] from [[Constantinople]] begins. Among the writers, poets, teachers and literary critics killed are [[Dikran Chökürian]], [[Armen Dorian]], [[Melkon Giurdjian]], [[Ardashes Harutiunian]], [[Jacques Sayabalian]], [[Ruben Sevak]], [[Siamanto]], and [[Rupen Zartarian]]. (Survivors include [[Yervant Odian]] and Alexander Panossian.)
*[[May 3]] – The [[Rondeau (forme fixe)|rondeau]] "[[In Flanders Fields]]" by the Canadian poet [[John McCrae]] is written; it is first published on [[December 8]] in the London magazine ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gillmor |first=Don |year=2001 |title=Canada: A People's History |volume=2 |publisher=McClelland & Stewart |location=Toronto, Ontario |isbn=0-7710-3341-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/canadapeopleshis0000gill/page/93 93] |url=https://archive.org/details/canadapeopleshis0000gill/page/93}}</ref>
*[[May 7]] – The [[Sinking of the RMS Lusitania|Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'']] claims 1,198 victims. The [[Americans]] among them in this torpedo attack on a civilian passenger liner include the writer and playwright [[Justus Miles Forman]] (born [[1875 in literature|1875]]), the theatrical producer [[Charles Frohman]] (born [[1856 in literature|1856]]), the writer and philosopher [[Elbert Hubbard]] (born 1856) and his second wife [[Alice Moore Hubbard]] (born [[1861 in literature|1861]]), and the playwright [[Charles Klein]] (born [[1867 in literature|1867]]). The survivors include the British-born writer and educator [[Ian Holbourn]] and the bookseller Charles E. Lauriat, Jr.
*[[May 13]] – As [[Julian Grenfell]] stands talking with other officers, a shell lands some yards away and a splinter hits him in the head. He is taken to a hospital in Boulogne, where he dies 13 days later. His poem "Into Battle" is published in ''[[The Times]]'' the following day.<ref>{{Cite book |authorlink=Nicholas Mosley |last=Mosley |first=Nicholas |year=1976 |title=Julian Grenfell: His Life and the Times of his Death 1888–1915 |location=London |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |isbn=0297770934}}</ref> His younger brother Gerald William (Billy) Grenfell is killed in action two months later.
*c. May – Publication of the first modern book illustrated with [[wood engraving]]s, [[Frances Cornford]]'s ''Spring Morning'', from the [[Poetry Bookshop]], London, has engravings by her cousin [[Gwen Raverat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Balston |first=Thomas |title=Wood-engraving in Modern English Books |location=London |publisher=National Book League |year=1949}}</ref>
*[[June 24]] – The [[Widener Library]] at [[Harvard University]] is dedicated.
*[[June 26]] – [[August 14]] – [[P. G. Wodehouse]]'s novel ''[[Something Fresh]]'' is serialized in ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'' (U.S.), introducing the character of [[Lord Emsworth]] of [[Blandings Castle]]. It first appears in book form on September 3 in New York, from [[D. Appleton & Company]], and on September 16 in London, from [[Methuen Publishing|Methuen]].<ref name=PGWCBC>{{Cite book |author1=McIlvaine, Eileen |author2=Sherby, Louise S. |author3=Heineman, James H. |year=1990 |title=P. G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bibliography and checklist|location=New York |publisher=James H. Heineman |pages=27–28 |isbn=0-87008125-X}}</ref>
*August/September – [[John Buchan]]'s thriller ''[[The Thirty-Nine Steps]]'', set just before the outbreak of war and introducing as hero [[Richard Hannay]], is serialised in ''[[Blackwood's Magazine]]''. Book publication follows in October by [[William Blackwood and Sons]] in [[Edinburgh]].
*August–December – [[Ezra Pound]] completes the early sections of his poem ''[[The Cantos]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BK. Ezra Pound and the Invention of Japan |url=http://themargins.net/bib/B/BK/00bkintro.html#firstcantorefs |work=Japonisme, Orientalism, Mysticism |accessdate=2015-01-13}}</ref>
*[[September 15]] 
**[[P. G. Wodehouse]]'s story "[[Extricating Young Gussie]]" is published in ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'' (U.S.). It introduces as characters [[Jeeves]] and [[Bertie Wooster|Bertie]].
**[[New Culture Movement]]: [[Chen Duxiu]] establishes the ''[[New Youth]]'' magazine in [[Shanghai]], China.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ash|first=Alec|date=6 September 2009|title=China's New New Youth|url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/chinabeatarchive/626/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612103436/https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/chinabeatarchive/626/|archive-date=12 June 2020|access-date=17 July 2020|website=DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln}}</ref>
*[[September 30]] – Methuen, publishers of [[D. H. Lawrence]]'s new novel ''[[The Rainbow]]'', are prosecuted in London under the [[Obscene Publications Act 1857]] and its sale is banned. The U.S. edition appears in November without any legal challenge.<ref name="Library1985">{{cite book|author=Cambridge University Library|title=D.H. Lawrence 1885-1930: Catalogue of an Exhibition at Cambridge University Library, September-November 1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7kcAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Cambridge University Library|isbn=978-0-902205-47-5|page=7}}</ref>
*October – [[Franz Kafka]]'s seminal [[novella]] ''[[The Metamorphosis]] (Die Verwandlung)'' is first published in ''[[Die Weißen Blätter]]'' ([[Leipzig]]).<ref>Jg. '''2''' pp. 1177–1230.</ref> Kafka finishes writing ''[[The Trial]]'' (''Der Process'') this year, but it will not be published until [[1925 in literature|1925]], the year after his death.
*[[October 15]] – ''[[Detective Story Magazine]]'' is first published by [[Street & Smith]] of [[New York City|New York]], a successor to ''Nick Carter Stories''.
*[[October 27]] – [[Leonid Andreyev]]'s play ''[[He Who Gets Slapped]]'' premieres at the [[Moscow Art Theatre]]<ref name="jester">{{cite book|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.3366/j.ctt1bh2kpq.12.pdf|title=A Slap in the Face of American Taste: Transporting He Who Gets Slapped to American Audiences|work=Border Crossing: Russian Literature into Film|editor=Alexander Burry and Frederick H. White|author=Frederick H. White|chapter=A Slap in the Face of American Taste |publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2016|pages=140–164 |jstor=10.3366/j.ctt1bh2kpq.12 |isbn=9781474411424 }}</ref>
*November – The German author [[Heinrich Mann]]'s essay on [[Émile Zola]] in ''[[Die Weißen Blätter]]'' marks Zola's political commitment and attacks the economic causes of the war. This temporarily disrupts Mann's relations with his younger brother, the novelist [[Thomas Mann]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hmann.htm |title=Heinrich Mann |website=Books and Writers |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=Kuusankoski Public Library |location=Finland |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904060528/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hmann.htm |archivedate=4 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''unknown dates''
**[[James Joyce]], [[Tristan Tzara]] and [[Vladimir Lenin]] all take up residence in [[Zürich|Zurich]], in a coincidence to be exploited in [[Tom Stoppard]]'s [[1974 in literature|1974]] play ''[[Travesties]]''.
**[[Alfred A. Knopf, Sr.]] establishes the publishers [[Alfred A. Knopf]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gale Group|title=Business Leader Profiles for Students|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87CKHwNGj_4C|date=December 1998|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-0-7876-2935-9|page=81}}</ref>
**The [[Goudy Old Style]] [[serif]] [[typeface]] is created by [[Frederic Goudy]] for [[American Type Founders]].<ref>{{cite book|title=American Printer and Lithographer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAAhAQAAMAAJ|year=1948|publisher=Moore Publishing Company|pages=19–20}}</ref>

==New books==
===Fiction===
*[[Ryūnosuke Akutagawa]] – "[[Rashōmon (short story)|Rashōmon]]" (羅生門, short story published in ''[[Teikoku Bungaku]]'')
*[[Victor Appleton]] – ''[[Tom Swift and His Aerial Warship]]''
*[[Ruby M. Ayres]] – ''Richard Chatterton, V.C.''
*[[Mariano Azuela]] – ''[[The Underdogs (novel)|The Underdogs]] (Los de abajo)''
*[[E. F. Benson]] – ''The Oakleyites''
*[[Stella Benson]] – ''I Pose''
*[[John Buchan]] – ''[[The Thirty-nine Steps]]''
*[[Willa Cather]] – ''[[The Song of the Lark (novel)|The Song of the Lark]]''
*[[Joseph Conrad]] – ''[[Victory (novel)|Victory]]''
*[[Arthur Conan Doyle]] – ''[[The Valley of Fear]]''
*[[Theodore Dreiser]] – ''[[The "Genius" (novel)|The "Genius"]]''
*[[Caradoc Evans]] – ''[[My People (story collection)|My People: Stories of the Peasantry of West Wales]]''
*[[Edna Ferber]] – ''Emma Mc Chesney and Co.'' 
*[[Ronald Firbank]] – ''Vainglory''
*[[Ford Madox Ford|Ford Madox Hueffer]] – ''[[The Good Soldier]]''
*[[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] – ''[[Herland (novel)|Herland]]''
*[[Anna Katharine Green]] – ''The Golden Slipper, and Other Problems for Violet Strange''
*[[Hermann Hesse]] – ''[[Knulp]]''
*[[Franz Kafka]] – ''[[The Metamorphosis]]''
*[[D. H. Lawrence]] – ''[[The Rainbow]]''
*[[Jack London]] – ''[[The Little Lady of the Big House]]''
*[[Marie Belloc Lowndes]] – ''[[Good Old Anna]]''
*[[Arthur Machen]]
**''The Bowmen; and Other Legends of the War''
**''The Great Return''
*[[Compton Mackenzie]] – ''[[Guy and Pauline]]''
*[[W. Somerset Maugham]] – ''[[Of Human Bondage]]''
*[[Oscar Micheaux]] – ''[[The Forged Note|The Forged Note: A Romance Of The Darker Races]]''
*[[Mori Ōgai]] (森 鷗外) – ''Sansho the Steward'' (山椒大夫, ''Sanshō Dayū'')
*[[John Muir]] 
**''Travels to Alaska''
**''Letters to A Friend''
*[[Natsume Sōseki]] (夏目 漱石) – ''[[Grass on the Wayside]]'' (道草, ''Michikusa'')
*[[E. Phillips Oppenheim]] 
** ''[[The Game of Liberty (novel)|The Game of Liberty]]''
** ''[[Mr. Grex of Monte Carlo (novel)|Mr. Grex of Monte Carlo]]''
*[[Baroness Orczy]] 
**''[[A Bride of the Plains]]''
**''[[The Bronze Eagle]]''
*[[P. D. Ouspensky]] – ''[[Strange Life of Ivan Osokin]]'' (Странная жизнь Ивана Осокина)
*[[Eleanor H. Porter]] – ''[[Pollyanna Grows Up]]''
*[[Dorothy Richardson]] – ''[[Pointed Roofs]]''
*[[Sax Rohmer]] – ''[[The Yellow Claw]]''
*[[Rafael Sabatini]] – ''[[The Sea Hawk]]''<ref>{{cite book|author=James Robert Parish|title=Pirates and Seafaring Swashbucklers on the Hollywood Screen: Plots, Critiques, Casts and Credits for 137 Theatrical and Made-for-television Releases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvEKAQAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-89950-935-8|page=6}}</ref>
*[[Ruth Sawyer]] – ''[[The Primrose Ring]]''
* [[Edgar Wallace]] 
** ''[[The Man Who Bought London (novel)|The Man Who Bought London]]''
** ''[[The Melody of Death]]''
*[[Jean Webster]] – ''[[Dear Enemy (novel)|Dear Enemy]]''
*[[H. G. Wells]] – ''[[Boon (novel)|Boon]]''
*Luang Wilatpariwat – ''Khwam mai phayabat'' (''No Vendetta''; first full-length Thai novel, adapted from English)
*[[Harry Leon Wilson]] – ''[[Ruggles of Red Gap]]''
*[[P. G. Wodehouse]] 
**''[[Something Fresh]]''
**''[[Psmith, Journalist]]''
*[[Virginia Woolf]] – ''[[The Voyage Out]]''

===Children and young people===
*[[Gerdt von Bassewitz]] – ''[[Peter and Anneli's Journey to the Moon]]'' (''Peterchens Mondfahrt'')
*[[L. Frank Baum]] 
**''[[The Scarecrow of Oz]]''
**''[[Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross]]'' (as Edith Van Dyne)
*[[Waldemar Bonsels]] – ''Himmelsvolk (People in the Sky)''
*[[Frances Hodgson Burnett]] – ''The Lost Prince''
*[[Edgar Rice Burroughs]] – ''[[The Return of Tarzan]]''
*[[Russell Thorndike]] – ''[[Doctor Syn: A Tale of the Romney Marsh]]''
*[[Else Ury]]
**''[[Nesthäkchen's First School Year]]''
**''[[Nesthäkchen in the Children's Sanitorium]]''

===Drama===
<onlyinclude>
*[[Leonid Andreyev]] – ''[[He Who Gets Slapped]]''
*[[Susan Glaspell]] – ''Suppressed Desires''
* [[Maxim Gorky]] – ''[[The Old Man (Gorky play)|The Old Man]]''
*[[Avery Hopwood]]
**''[[Fair and Warmer]]''
**''[[Sadie Love (play)|Sadie Love]]''
*[[Agha Hashar Kashmiri]] – ''[[Bilwamangal]]''
*[[Cleves Kinkead]] – ''[[Common Clay (play)|Common Clay]]''
*[[Louis N. Parker]] – ''[[Mavourneen]]''
*[[Patrick Pearse]] – ''The Singer'' (written)
*[[Quintero brothers]]
**''Becquerina''
**''Diana cazadora''
*[[Caton Theodorian]] – ''Bujoreștii''
*[[Horace Annesley Vachell]] – ''[[The Case of Lady Camber (play)|The Case of Lady Camber]]''</onlyinclude>

===Poetry===
{{Main article|1915 in poetry}}
*[[C. J. Dennis]] – ''[[The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke]]'' (verse novel)
*[[John Drinkwater (playwright)|John Drinkwater]] – ''Swords and Ploughshares''
*[[T. S. Eliot]] – ''[[The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock]]''<ref>{{cite book|author1=Richard Aldington|author2=Norman T. Gates|title=Richard Aldington: An Autobiography in Letters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4j46Y1A3LYC&pg=PA251|year=1992|publisher=Penn State Press|isbn=0-271-00832-6|pages=251}}</ref>
*H. B. Elliott, ed. – ''Lest We Forget: A War Anthology''<ref>{{cite book|author=Nosheen Khan|title=Women's Poetry of the First World War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8uv1m5fPTwC&pg=PA205|date=1 January 1988|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=0-8131-1677-5|pages=205}}</ref>
*[[Geoffrey Faber]] – ''Interflow, Poems Mainly Lyrical''
*[[Rudyard Kipling]] – "[[My Boy Jack (poem)|My Boy Jack]]"
*[[Francis Ledwidge]] – ''Songs of the Fields''
*[[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] – ''[[A Cloud in Trousers]]''
*[[Alice Meynell]] – ''Poems of the War''
*[[Barbu Nemțeanu]] – ''Stropi de soare''
*[[Fernando Pessoa]] – ''Opiário'' and ''Ode Marítima'' 
*[[Jessie Pope]] – ''Jessie Pope's War Poems'' and ''More War Poems''

===Non-fiction===
*[[John Hay Beith]] – ''The First Hundred Thousand''
*[[John Buchan]] – ''Nelson's History of the War'' (begun)
*[[Hall Caine]] – ''The Drama of 365 Days: Scenes in the Great War''
*[[Maxim Gorky]] – ''[[Autobiography of Maxim Gorky|In the World]]'' (В людях) 
*[[Rudyard Kipling]] – ''[[The Fringes of the Fleet]]'' (essays and poems)
*[[Hugo Krabbe]] – ''Die moderne staatsidee''
*[[Friedrich Naumann]] – ''[[Mitteleuropa (book)|Mitteleuropa]]''
*[[May Sinclair]] – ''A Journal of Impressions in Belgium''
*[[Percy Sykes]] – ''A History of Persia''<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7307/ |title=A History of Persia |website=[[World Digital Library]] |year=1921 |accessdate=2013-10-01}}</ref>
*''[[Zhonghua Da Zidian]]'' (中華大字典) (Great Chinese Dictionary)

==Births==
*[[January 1]] – [[Branko Ćopić]], Bosnian Serb writer (suicide [[1984 in literature|1984]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Layman|author2=Gale Cengage|title=South Slavic Writers Since World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T80UAQAAIAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Gale Research|isbn=978-0-7876-1070-8|page=42}}</ref>
*[[January 6]] – [[Alan Watts]], British/American philosopher (died [[1973 in literature|1973]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Alan Watts|author2=John Snelling|title=The Early Writings of Alan Watts: The British Years, 1931-1938 : Writings in Buddhism in England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bAYHAAAAYAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Celestial Arts|isbn=978-0-89087-480-6|page=2}}</ref>
*[[January 28]] – [[Nien Cheng]], Chinese-born American writer (died [[2009 in literature|2009]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/nov/10/nien-cheng-obituary|title=Nien Cheng obituary|date=November 10, 2009|author=Kerry Brown|website=Guardian|access-date=July 24, 2021}}</ref>
*[[February 2]] – [[Khushwant Singh]], Indian novelist and journalist (died [[2014 in literature|2014]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=James Vinson|author2=D. L. Kirkpatrick|title=Novelists and Prose Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oEjAQAAIAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-25292-5|page=1116}}</ref>
*[[February 11]] – [[Patrick Leigh Fermor]], British author (died [[2011 in literature|2011]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Caribbean Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uGAYAQAAIAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Caribbean Review, Incorporated}}</ref>
*[[March 8]] – [[Drue Heinz]], born Doreen English, British-American patron (died [[2018 in literature|2018]])
*[[March 13]] – [[Protiva Bose]] (Ranu Shome), Bengali singer and writer (died [[2006 in literature|2006]]){{cn|date=January 2025}}
*[[March 18]] – [[Richard Condon]], American novelist (died [[1996 in literature|1996]])
*[[March 26]] – [[Hwang Sun-won]], Korean fiction writer (died [[2000 in literature|2000]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Flowers of Fire: Twentieth-century Korean Stories|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1986|isbn=9780824810368|page=86}}</ref>
*[[April 12]] – [[Július Tomin (Interlingua)|Július Tomin]], Czech writer known for promoting [[Interlingua]] (died [[2003 in literature|2003]])
*[[April 15]] – [[Hilda Bernstein]], English-born author, artist, and anti-apartheid activist (died [[2006 in literature|2006]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/hilda-bernstein-416691.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/hilda-bernstein-416691.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Hilda Bernstein|date=September 22, 2011|website=The Independent|access-date=July 25, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*[[April 24]] – [[Salvador Borrego]], Mexican journalist, historical revisionist and neo-nazi writer (d. [[2018]])
*[[May 5]] – [[Emanuel Litvinoff]], Anglo-Jewish writer (died [[2011 in literature|2011]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/sep/26/emanuel-litvinoff|title=Emanuel Litvinoff obituary|date=September 26, 2011|author=Judith Burnley|website=Guardian|access-date=July 24, 2021}}</ref>
*[[May 8]] – [[Milton Meltzer]], American historian and author (died [[2009 in literature|2009]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/25/books/25meltzer.html|title=Milton Meltzer, Author of Nonfiction Books for the Young, Dies at 94|last=Hevesi|first=Dennis|date=2009-09-24|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-11-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 
*[[May 10]] – [[Monica Dickens]], English novelist (died [[1992 in literature|1992]])<ref>{{cite news|author=Charles Pick|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-monica-dickens-1566170.html|title=Obituary: Monica Dickens|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=31 December 1992}}</ref>
*[[May 12]] – [[Joe David Brown]], American novelist and journalist (died [[1976 in literature|1976]])
*[[May 27]] – [[Herman Wouk]], American novelist (died [[2019 in literature|2019]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Heinz-Dietrich Fischer|title=Novel / Fiction Awards, 1917-1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P_rAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Saur|isbn=978-3-598-30180-3|page=135}}</ref>
*[[June 10]] – [[Saul Bellow]], American writer (died [[2005 in literature|2005]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Georgia Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPG2FkH1z7wC|year=1995|publisher=University of Georgia|page=76}}</ref>
*[[June 21]] – [[Jesús Arango Cano]], Colombian economist, diplomat, anthropologist, archaeologist and writer (died [[2015 in literature|2015]])
*[[June 22]] – [[Thomas Quinn Curtiss]], American writer, and film and theatre critic (died [[2000 in literature|2000]])
*[[July 1]]
**[[Alun Lewis (poet)|Alun Lewis]], Welsh poet in English (died [[1944 in literature|1944]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Pikoulis|title=Alun Lewis: A Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4xlbAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Seren Books|isbn=978-1-85411-018-3|page=8}}</ref>
**[[Jean Stafford]], American fiction writer (died [[1979 in literature|1979]])
*[[July 7]] – [[Margaret Walker]], American poet and novelist (died [[1998 in literature|1998]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=William L. Andrews|author2=Frances Smith Foster|author3=Trudier Harris|title=The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9XtCY7cijMC&pg=PA417|date=15 February 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803175-8|pages=417}}</ref>
*[[July 14]] – [[Jerome Lawrence]], American dramatist (died [[2004 in literature|2004]])
*[[July 31]] – [[Herbert Aptheker]], American historian (died [[2003 in literature|2003]])
*[[August 13]] – [[Muhammad Ibrahim Joyo]], Pakistani teacher, writer, scholar, and Sindhi nationalist (died [[2017 in literature|2017]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/748397/the-literati-genius-sindh-celebrates-100-years-of-ibrahim-joyo/|title=The literati genius: Sindh celebrates 100 years of Ibrahim Joyo - The Express Tribune|date=14 August 2014|publisher=}}</ref>
*[[August 19]] – [[Ring Lardner, Jr.]], American journalist and screenwriter (died [[2000 in literature|2000]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Clifford M. Caruthers|title=Letters of Ring Lardner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1UtMB50GD0C&pg=PA108|year=1995|publisher=Orchises Press|isbn=978-0-914061-52-6|pages=108}}</ref>
*[[August 28]] – [[Claude Roy (poet)|Claude Roy]], French poet (died [[1997 in literature|1997]])
*[[August 30]] – [[Jack Simmons (historian)|Jack Simmons]], English historian (died [[2000 in literature|2000]])
*[[September 8]] – [[Benoît Lacroix]], Canadian theologian and philosopher (died [[2016 in literature|2016]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|title=Reports of the President and of the Treasurer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4_WAAAAMAAJ|year=1959|publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|page=124}}</ref>
*[[September 17]] – [[Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez]], Spanish-born philosopher ([[2011 in literature|2011]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Stefan Gandler|title=Critical Marxism in Mexico: Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez and Bolívar Echeverría|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPhyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|date=1 September 2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-28468-5|pages=16}}</ref>
*[[September 21]] – [[Gertrude Poe]], American journalist (died [[2017 in literature|2017]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/laurel/ph-ll-obit-gertrude-poe-0720-20170714-story.html |title=Gertrude Poe, 101, edited Laurel Leader for 41 years |newspaper=Laurel Leader |publisher=Baltimore Sun Media Group |date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 15, 2017 |first=Melanie |last=Dzwonchyk |archive-date=July 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719135502/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/laurel/ph-ll-obit-gertrude-poe-0720-20170714-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[September 27]] – [[Marjorie Chibnall]], English medievalist, biographer and translator (died [[2012 in literature|2012]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Ann Evory|title=Contemporary Authors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phIQbS5U-TkC|date=April 1978|publisher=Gale / Cengage Learning|isbn=978-0-8103-0035-4|page=120}}</ref>
*[[October 17]] – [[Arthur Miller]], American dramatist (died [[2005 in literature|2005]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Neil Carson|title=Arthur Miller|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hPMcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|date=25 April 2008|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-137-02141-0|pages=2}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*[[October 24]] – [[Marghanita Laski]], English biographer, novelist and broadcaster (died [[1988 in literature|1988]])
*[[November 8]] – [[G. S. Fraser]], Scottish poet and critic (died [[1980 in literature|1980]])
*[[November 12]] – [[Roland Barthes]], French literary theorist (died 1980)<ref>{{cite book|author=Graham Allen|title=Roland Barthes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ID9cBdFvydUC&pg=PA1|date=2 June 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-50340-7|pages=1}}</ref>
*[[November 16]] – [[Jean Fritz]], American children's writer (died [[2017 in literature|2017]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/17/books/jean-fritz-dead-childrens-book-author.html|title=Jean Fritz, Who Wrote History Books for Children, Dies at 101|last=Fox|first=Margalit|date=May 17, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 18, 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*[[November 26]] – [[Emilio D'Amore]], Italian writer, journalist, and politician (died [[2017 in literature|2017]])<ref>{{cite news|title=E' morto a 102 anni Emilio D'Amore, volto storico della destra irpina|url=http://www.irpinianews.it/e-morto-a-102-anni-emilio-damore-volto-storico-della-destra-irpina/|accessdate=21 October 2017|work=Irpinia News|date=21 October 2017|language=it}}</ref>
*[[December 6]] – [[Nilawan Pintong]], Thai writer (died [[2017 in literature|2017]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/1194661/star-literateur-khun-nilawan-passes-away-at-101|title=Star literateur Khun Nilawan passes away at 101|date=8 February 2017|newspaper=Bangkok Post|access-date=2017-02-08}}</ref>
*[[December 13]] – [[Ross Macdonald]], American-Canadian writer (died [[1983 in literature|1983]])
*[[December 22]] – [[David Martin (poet)|David Martin]], Hungarian-born Australian poet (died [[1997 in literature|1997]])
*[[December 27]] – [[John Cornford]], English poet (died [[1936 in literature|1936]])

==Deaths==
*[[January 3]] – [[James Elroy Flecker]], English poet, novelist and dramatist (tuberculosis, born [[1884 in literature|1884]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Mary D. Davis|author2=Mary Byrd Davis|title=James Elroy Flecker: A Critical Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fb5aAAAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Inst. f. Engl. Sprache u. Literatur|page=198}}</ref>
*[[January 19]] – [[Elizabeth Boynton Harbert]], American author, lecturer, reformer (born [[1843 in literature|1843]])
*[[February 4]] – [[Mary Elizabeth Braddon]], English popular novelist (born [[1837 in literature|1837]])
*[[April 8]] – [[Louis Pergaud]], French novelist (killed in action, born [[1882 in literature|1882]])
*[[April 19]] – [[Julia Evelyn Ditto Young]], American poet and novelist (born [[1857 in literature|1857]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Julia Ditto Young|url=http://buffaloah.com/a/forestL/young/|website=buffaloah.com|access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[April 23]] – [[Rupert Brooke]], English war poet (blood poisoning, born [[1887 in literature|1887]])
*[[May 7]] (passengers drowned in the sinking of the ''Lusitania'')
** [[Justus Miles Forman]], American writer (born [[1875 in literature|1875]])<ref name=Lusitania>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/65522025/vanderbilt-lost-frohman-also-fear-of/ |title=Vanderbilt Lost, Frohman Also, Fear of Friends |newspaper=[[Brooklyn Eagle]] |page=1 |date=1915-05-08 |access-date=2020-12-18 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
** [[Charles Frohman]], American theater producer (born [[1856 in literature|1856]])<ref name=Lusitania/>
** [[Elbert Hubbard]], American writer and philosopher (born 1856)<ref>{{cite book|author=Mixed Claims Commission, United States and Germany|title=First Report of Robert W. Bonynge, Agent of the United States Before the Mixed Claims Commission, United States and Germany: Established Under the Agreement of August 10, 1922, Between the United States and Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8MKiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA176|year=1925|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=176}}</ref>
** [[Alice Moore Hubbard]], American wife of Elbert Hubbard (born [[1861 in literature|1861]])
** [[Charles Klein]], American playwright (born [[1867 in literature|1867]])<ref>[http://www.rmslusitania.info/people/saloon/charles-klein "Mr. Charles Klein"], The Lusitania Resource, accessed June 9, 2019</ref>
*[[May 11]] – [[Lucy Bethia Walford]], Scottish-born novelist and artist (born [[1845 in literature|1845]])
*[[May 26]] – [[Julian Grenfell]], English war poet (killed in action, born [[1888 in literature|1888]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholas Mosley|title=Julian Grenfell, His Life and the Times of His Death, 1888-1915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1AwAAAAIAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston|isbn=978-0-03-017596-1|page=265}}</ref>
*[[June 4]] – [[George Calderon]], English dramatist and translator (killed in action on [[Gallipoli campaign]], born [[1868 in literature|1868]])
*[[July 5]] – [[Aurelio Tolentino]], Filipino dramatist (born [[1867 in literature|1867]])
*[[August 19]] – [[Tevfik Fikret]], Ottoman Turkish poet and journalist (diabetes, born 1867).
*[[September 1]] – [[August Stramm]], German Expressionist poet and playwright (killed in action, born [[1874 in literature|1874]])
*[[September 27]] – [[Remy de Gourmont]], French Symbolist poet, novelist, and critic (stroke, born [[1858 in literature|1858]])
*[[October 17]] – [[Edmond Laforest]], [[Haiti]]an French-language poet (suicide, born [[1876 in poetry|1876]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=[[Donald E. Herdeck]]|author2=Maurice Alcibiade Lubin|author3=Margaret Herdeck|title=Caribbean Writers: A Bio-bibliographical-critical Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I4gYAAAAIAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Three Continents Press|isbn=978-0-914478-74-4|page=413}}</ref>
*[[November 14]] – [[Booker T. Washington]], American writer and educator (born [[1856 in literature|1856]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Robert A. Hill|author2=Marcus Garvey|author3=Universal Negro Improvement Association|title=The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Vol. I: 1826-August 1919|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKJrUKdSZwkC&pg=PA166|date=4 November 1983|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04456-2|pages=166}}</ref>
*[[December 23]] – [[Roland Leighton]], English war poet (died of wounds, born [[1895 in literature|1895]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Helen McPhail|author2=Philip Guest|title=Wilfred Owen: On the Trail of the Poets of the Great War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuWXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT47|date=12 August 1998|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-4738-2078-4|pages=47}}</ref>

==Awards==
*[[Nobel Prize for Literature]]: [[Romain Rolland]] (French)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==See also==
*[[World War I in literature]]

{{Year in literature article categories}}