Editing 1895

{{Year dab|1895|the Chinese film|1895 (2008 film)|the Estonian animated film|1895 (1995 film)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year nav|1895}}
{{C19 year in topic}}{{Year article header|1895}}
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== Events ==
=== January&ndash;March ===
[[File:Degradation alfred dreyfus.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[January 5]]: [[Dreyfus affair]]]]
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Dreyfus affair]]: French officer [[Alfred Dreyfus]] is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on [[Devil's Island]] (off French Guiana) on what is much later admitted to be a false charge of treason.<ref>{{cite book|last=Derfler|first=Leslie|year=2002|title=The Dreyfus Affair|url=https://archive.org/details/dreyfusaffair0000derf|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/dreyfusaffair0000derf/page/2 2]}}</ref>
* [[January 6]] &ndash; The [[1895 Wilcox rebellion|Wilcox rebellion]], an attempt led by [[Robert William Wilcox|Robert Wilcox]] to overthrow the [[Republic of Hawaii]] and restore the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]], begins with royalist troops landing at Waikiki Beach in Oahuand clashing with republican defenders. The rebellion ends after three days and the remaining 190 royalists are taken prisoners of war.<ref>{{cite book|author=Loomis, Albertine|title=For Whom Are the Stars?|publisher=The University Press of Hawaii|year=1976|isbn=978-0-8248-0416-9|url=https://archive.org/details/forwhomarestars0000loom}}</ref>
* [[January 12]] &ndash; Britain's [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty]] is founded by [[Octavia Hill]], [[Robert Hunter (National Trust)|Robert Hunter]] and Canon [[Hardwicke Rawnsley]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=Jennifer | last1=Jenkins |first2=Patrick |last2=James |title=From acorn to oak tree: the growth of the National Trust 1895–1994 |date=1994 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London|pages=1–23}}</ref>
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[First Italo-Ethiopian War]]: [[Battle of Coatit]] &ndash; Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians.<ref>{{cite book|author=John|title=The Italian Army and the First World War|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780521193078|page=23}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; A warehouse fire and dynamite explosion kills 57 people, including 13 firefighters in [[Butte, Montana]] in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|work=The Montana Standard|url=http://mtstandard.com/news/local/deadly-disaster-firefighters-onlookers-perish-in-explosion/article_1baf0ff6-e502-11e1-91c6-0019bb2963f4.html|title=Deadly disaster: Firefighters, onlookers perish in 1895 explosion|author=Emeigh, John Grant|date=August 13, 2012|access-date=November 2, 2017}}</ref>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[1895 Quchan earthquake|A 6.8 magnitude earthquake]] strikes northeastern [[Iran]] near the town of [[Quchan]] and causes at least 1,000 deaths.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hollingsworth|first=J.|author2=Jackson J.|author3=Waler R.|author4=Gheitanchi M.R.|author5=Bolourchi M.J.|name-list-style=amp|year=2006|title=Strike-slip faulting, rotation, and along-strike elongation in the Kopeh Dagh mountains, NE Iran|journal=Geophysical Journal International|publisher=[[Royal Astronomical Society]]|volume=166|issue=3|pages=1161–1177|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.02983.x|bibcode=2006GeoJI.166.1161H|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[January 21]] &ndash; 
**The U.S. Supreme Court rules in [[United States v. E. C. Knight Co.]] that Congress and the U.S. federal government cannot regulate manufacturing, and dismisses an [[antitrust]] lawsuit against [[American Sugar Refining Company]], which controls 98 percent of sugar refining in the United States.<ref name=":0">{{ussc |name=United States v. E. C. Knight Co. |link= |volume=156 |page=1 |pin= |year=1895}}.</ref> 
**The American steamer [[SS Chicora|S.S. ''Chicora'']] sinks in a storm on [[Lake Michigan]], along with all 21 of its crew and a lone passenger.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059522/1895-01-25/ed-1/seq-8/#date1=1895&index=1&date2=1895&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&lccn=&words=Chicora&proxdistance=5&state=Minnesota&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Chicora&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 |title= Not One Rescued: That the Steamer ''Chicora'' Was Wrecked Is Now a Curiosity |work= [[St. Paul Daily Globe]] |date= 25 January 1895 |page=8 |issn= 2151-5328 |oclc= 21579130 |lccn= sn90059523 |access-date= 16 January 2016 |via= [[Chronicling America]] }}</ref>
* [[January 24]] &ndash; An effort to restore the Hawaiian monarchy ends as the former Queen [[Liliʻuokalani]] abdicates and pledges allegiance to the [[Republic of Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Liliuokalani|author-link=Liliuokalani|title=Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, Liliuokalani|url=https://archive.org/details/hawaiisstorybyh00goog|location=Boston|publisher=Lee and Shepard|year=1898|page=274|isbn=978-0-548-22265-2|oclc=2387226}}</ref>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; The sinking of the German ocean liner [[SS Elbe (1881)|SS ''Elbe'']] kills 334 people on board, 20 minutes after the ship had collided with the British steamer SS ''Crathie''. Only two lifeboats are able to evacuate before the ''Elbe'' goes down, and the first lifeboat capsizes when too many passengers attempt to get onboard. A second lifeboat, with 15 members of the crew, four men and a woman, carries the only survivors.<ref>"Elbe Disaster Investigation; Witnesses of the Steamer Crathie Testify at Lowestoft", ''The New York Times'', May 1, 1895</ref> 
* [[February 20]] 
** The gold reserve of the [[U.S. Treasury]] is saved when [[J. P. Morgan]] and the [[Rothschild & Co|Rothschilds]] loan $65&nbsp;million worth of gold to the United States government. The offering of syndicate bonds sells out only 22 minutes after the New York market opens, and just two hours after going on sale in London.<ref>{{cite book |last=Chernow |first=Ron |year=2010 |title=The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance |publisher=[[Grove Atlantic|Grove/Atlantic, Inc.]] |isbn=978-0-87113-338-0 |author-link=Ron Chernow|title-link=The House of Morgan }}</ref> 
**[[Venezuelan crisis of 1895]]: U.S. President [[Grover Cleveland]] signs into law a bill resulting from the proposition of House Resolution 252, by [[William Lindsay Scruggs]] and Congressman Leonidas Livingston, to the third session of the 53rd Congress of the United States of America. The bill recommends that Venezuela and Great Britain settle their dispute by arbitration.
* [[February 25]] &ndash; The first rebellions of the [[Cuban War of Independence]] break out.
* [[March 3]] &ndash; In [[Munich]], [[Germany]], bicyclists have to pass a test and display [[license plate]]s.
* [[March 4]] &ndash; Japanese troops capture [[Liaoyang]] and land in [[Taiwan]]. 
* [[March 15]]
** [[Bridget Cleary]] is killed and her body burned in [[County Tipperary]], Ireland, by her husband, Michael; he is subsequently convicted and imprisoned for [[manslaughter]], his defence being a belief that he had killed a [[changeling]] left in his wife's place after she had been abducted by [[fairies]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4D91E3AF93BA35753C1A9669C8B63|first=David Willis|last=McCullough|title=The Fairy Defense|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=2000-10-08|access-date=2007-03-23}}</ref>
** [[Heian Shrine]] is completed in [[Kyoto]], Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carey|first=Otis|date=2021-10-19|title=Kyoto|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyoto-Japan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611214018/https://www.britannica.com:80/place/Kyoto-Japan |access-date=2021-10-19|website=britannica.com|archive-date=June 11, 2015 }}</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; The world's first gasoline [[bus]] route is started in Germany, between [[Siegen]] and [[Netphen]].
* [[March 22]] &ndash; Brothers [[Auguste and Louis Lumière]] make what is probably the first presentation of a projected celluloid [[film]] moving picture, the 46-second ''[[Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory]]'', to members of the [[Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chardère|first1=B.|last2=Borgé|first2=G.|last3=Borgé|first3=M.|title=Les Lumière|year=1985|publisher=Bibliothèque des Arts|location=Paris|isbn=2-85047-068-6|language=French|page=71}}</ref>
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Rudolf Diesel]] patents the [[Diesel engine]] in Germany.
[[File:Erste_Benzin-Omnibus_der_Welt.jpg|thumb|150px|[[March 18]]: The first internal combustion [[bus]], ([[Siegen]] to [[Netphen]] in Germany)]]
[[File:Shunpanrou interior.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[April 17]]: [[Treaty of Shimonoseki|Shimonoseki treaty]]: [[Qing dynasty]] renounces claim on Korea]]

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Oscar Wilde]] is arrested in London for "gross indecency", after losing a [[criminal libel]] case against the [[John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry|Marquess of Queensberry]].
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Nansen's Fram expedition|Nansen's ''Fram'' expedition]] to the [[Arctic]] reaches 86°13.6'N, almost 3° beyond the previous [[Farthest North]] attained.
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[1895 Ljubljana earthquake|A major earthquake]] severely damages [[Ljubljana]], the capital of [[Duchy of Carniola|Carniola]].
* [[April 17]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] is signed between China and Japan. This marks the end of the [[First Sino-Japanese War]], and the defeated [[Qing Empire]] is forced to renounce its claims on Korea, and to concede the southern portion of [[Liaoning|Fengtian]] [[Administration of territory in dynastic China#Qing dynasty (1636–1912)|province]], [[Taiwan Prefecture|Taiwan]] and the [[Penghu]] to Japan.<ref name=shim>{{cite book|last=Weale|first=Bertram Lenox Putnam|author-link1= Bertram Lenox Simpson|year=1905|title=The Re-shaping of the Far East|url=https://archive.org/details/reshapingoffarea02weal|pages=[https://archive.org/details/reshapingoffarea02weal/page/431 431]–437}}</ref> The huge indemnity exacted from China is used to establish the [[Yawata Iron and Steel Works]] in Japan.
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Gongche Shangshu movement]]: 603 candidates sign a 10,000-word petition against the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]].
* [[April 27]] &ndash; The unique, historic and picturesque Spiral Bridge is constructed to carry U.S. 61 over the Mississippi River at [[Hastings, Minnesota]]. It is demolished in [[1951]].
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Gongche Shangshu movement]]: Thousands of Beijing scholars and citizens protest against the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]].
* [[May 9]] &ndash; Thirteen workers are killed by soldiers of the [[Russian Empire]] during the [[1895 Yaroslavl Great Manufacture strike|Yaroslavl Great Manufacture strike]].
* [[May 18]]  &ndash; The first motor race in Italy is held, on a course from [[Turin]] to [[Asti]] and back, a total of {{convert|93|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Five entrants start the event; only three complete it. It is won by Simone Federman in a four-seat [[Daimler Company|Daimler]] Omnibus, at an average speed of {{convert|15.5|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="auto">[http://www.grandprixhistory.org/story.htm The Story of the Grand Prix]. (retrieved 11 June 2017)</ref>
* [[May 24]] &ndash; Anti-Japanese officials, led by [[Tang Jingsong]] in [[Taiwan]], declare independence from the [[Qing dynasty]], forming the short-lived [[Republic of Formosa]].
* [[May 25]] &ndash; ''R. v. Wilde'': [[Oscar Wilde]] is convicted in London of "unlawfully committing acts of gross indecency with certain male persons" (under the [[Labouchere Amendment]]) and given a two years' sentence of [[hard labour]], during which he will write ''[[De Profundis (letter)|De Profundis]]''.
* [[May 27]] &ndash; ''[[In re Debs]]'': The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] decides that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce, legalizing the military suppression of the [[Pullman Strike]].
* [[June 5]] &ndash; The Liberal Revolution begins in [[Ecuador]], making the civil war more intense in the country.
* [[June 11]]
** Britain annexes [[Maputaland|Tongaland]], between [[Zulu Kingdom|Zululand]] and [[Mozambique]].
** The [[Paris–Bordeaux–Paris]] automobile trial is held.
* [[June 20]] 
** The [[Kiel Canal]], connecting the [[North Sea]] to the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] across the base of the [[Jutland]] peninsula in Germany, is officially opened.
** The [[Greater Republic of Central America|Treaty of Amapala]] establishes the [[Greater Republic of Central America|union]] of [[Nicaragua]], [[Honduras]] and [[El Salvador]] (which ends in [[1898]]).
* [[June 28]] &ndash; The [[United States Court of Private Land Claims]] rules that [[James Reavis]]'s claim to the Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent".

=== July&ndash;September ===
[[File:SabinoAranaTxapeldun.jpg|thumb|150px|right|July 31: [[Sabino Arana]] founds the [[Basque Nationalist Party]]]]
* [[July 10]]&ndash;[[July 11|11]] &ndash; The [[Doukhobor]]s' pacifist protests culminate in the "burning of the arms" in the [[South Caucasus]].
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Archie MacLaren]] scores an English [[County Championship]] [[cricket]] record innings of 424 for [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]], against [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]], at [[County Ground, Taunton|Taunton]]. This record lasts until [[Brian Lara|1994]].
* [[July 31]] &ndash; The [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea-Partido Nacionalista Vasco) is founded by [[Sabino Arana]].
* July &ndash; [[Oldham Athletic A.F.C.]] is founded in England.
* [[August 7]] &ndash; The [[Aljaž Tower]], a symbol of the [[Slovenes]], is erected on Mount [[Triglav]].
* [[August 10]] &ndash; The first ever indoor [[promenade concert]], origin of [[The Proms]], is held at the [[Queen's Hall]] in London, opening a series conducted by [[Henry Wood]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[American frontier]] murderer and outlaw [[John Wesley Hardin]] is killed by an off-duty policeman in a [[Bar (establishment)|saloon]] in [[El Paso, Texas]].
* [[August 29]]
** The Northern Rugby Football Union (the modern-day [[Rugby Football League]]) is formed at a meeting of 21 [[Rugby football|rugby]] clubs at the [[George Hotel, Huddersfield]], in the north of England,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Dates & Anniversaries |url=https://www.rugby-league.com/the_rfl/about_the_rfl/history__heritage/key_dates__anniversaries |website=Rugby Football League |access-date=28 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828194417/http://www.rugby-league.com/the_rfl/about_the_rfl/history__heritage/key_dates__anniversaries |archive-date=28 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> leading to the creation of the professional sport of [[rugby league]] football.
** The [[Mat Salleh Rebellion]] in [[North Borneo]] is incited.
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Shelbourne F.C.]] is founded in [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]].
* [[September 3]] &ndash; The first professional [[American football]] game is played, in [[Latrobe, Pennsylvania]], between the Latrobe [[YMCA]] and the Jeannette Athletic Club (Latrobe wins 12–0).
* [[September 7]] &ndash; The first game of what will become known as [[rugby league]] football is played in England, starting the [[1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season]].
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Daniel David Palmer]] performs the first chiropractic [[spinal adjustment]], on [[Harvey Lillard]], whose complaint was partial deafness after an injury.
* [[September 24]]–[[October 3]] &ndash; the ''[[Automobile Club de France]]'' sponsors the longest race to date, a {{convert|1710|km|mi|abbr=on}} event, from [[Bordeaux]] to [[Agen]] and back.<ref name="auto"/> Because it is held in ten stages, it can be considered the first [[Rallying|rally]]. The first three places are taken by two [[Panhard]]s and a three-wheeler [[De Dion-Bouton]].<ref name="auto"/>

=== October&ndash;December ===
[[File:CosmopolitanMagazineOctober1895.jpg|thumb|150px|right|October: ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|The Cosmopolitan]]'']]
* [[October]]
** [[Rudyard Kipling]] publishes the story "[[Mowgli]] Leaves the Jungle Forever" in ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|The Cosmopolitan]]'' illustrated magazine in the United States (price 10 cents), collected in ''[[The Second Jungle Book]]'', published in England in November.
** The [[London School of Economics]] holds its first classes in London, England.
* [[October 1]] &ndash; French troops capture [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagascar]].
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Peiyang University]], predecessor of [[Tianjin University]], is founded as an institution of higher education in [[Qing dynasty]] China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History-Tianjin University|url=http://www.tju.edu.cn/english/About_TJU/History.htm|access-date=2022-02-02|website=www.tju.edu.cn}}</ref>
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Queen Min]], queen consort of [[Joseon]] (Korea), is [[Assassination of Empress Myeongseong|assassinated at her private residence]] within [[Gyeongbokgung]] Palace by Japanese agents. 
* [[October 23]] &ndash; The city of [[Tainan]], last stronghold of the [[Republic of Formosa]], capitulates to the forces of the [[Empire of Japan]], ending the short-lived republic, and beginning the era of [[Taiwan under Japanese rule]].
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[1895 Charleston earthquake]]: A major earthquake occurs near [[Charleston, Missouri]], in the [[New Madrid Seismic Zone]] of the [[midwestern United States]]. As of 2014, the earthquake risk for the region will be closely monitored.
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Max Skladanowsky]] and his brother Emil present a short film at the [[Berlin Wintergarten theatre]] in Germany using the [[movie projector]] they have developed.
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[George B. Selden]] is granted the first U.S. [[patent]] for an automobile.
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Wilhelm Röntgen]] discovers the type of [[electromagnetic radiation]] later known as [[X-ray]]s.
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]], a well known professional football club in [[Brazil]], is officially founded.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Fundação|url=http://www.flamengo.com.br/site/conteudo/detalhe/13/a-fundacao|website=Flamengo's official site|access-date=9 April 2017|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410051008/http://www.flamengo.com.br/site/conteudo/detalhe/13/a-fundacao|archive-date=April 10, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Oscar Hammerstein I|Oscar Hammerstein]] opens the [[Olympia Theatre (New York City)|Olympia Theatre]], the first theatre to be built in New York City's [[Times Square]] district.
* [[November 27]] &ndash; At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, [[Alfred Nobel]] signs his [[last will and testament]], setting aside his estate to establish the [[Nobel Prize]] after his death.
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Chicago Times-Herald race|''Chicago Times-Herald'' race]]: The first American automobile race in history is sponsored by the ''[[Chicago Times-Herald]]''. Press coverage first arouses significant American interest in the automobile.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael L.|last=Berger|title=The automobile in American history and culture: a reference guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oRwMv8iNP-MC&pg=PA278|page=278|isbn=9780313245589|year=2001|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref>
* [[December]]
** Ottoman troops burn 3,000 [[Armenians]] alive in [[Urfa]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Armenian Tigranakert/Diarbekir and Edessa/Urfa|date=2006|publisher=Mazda Publishers|editor-last1=Hovannisian |editor-first1=Richard G.|isbn=1568591535|location=Costa Mesa, Calif.|oclc=67361643}}</ref>
** The [[Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War]] begins.
* [[December 7]] &ndash; A corps of 2,350 Italian troops, mostly [[Askari]], are crushed by 30,000 Abyssinian troops at [[Amba Alagi]].
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Svante Arrhenius]] becomes the first scientist to deliver quantified data about [[Svante Arrhenius#Greenhouse effect|the sensitivity of global climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide]] (the "[[Greenhouse effect]]"), as he presents his paper "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon The Temperature of the Ground" to the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=k1YwAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA237 ''The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science''] April 1896. p. 237.</ref>
* [[December 15]] &ndash; The railways of the [[Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]], [[Colony of Natal]], the [[Orange Free State]], the [[South African Republic]] and southern [[Mozambique]] are all linked at Union Junction near [[Alberton, Gauteng|Alberton]].<ref name="SAR Line Dates 183">''Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway'', Statement No. 19, p. 183, ref. no. 200954-13</ref>
* [[December 18]] &ndash; The [[Laurin & Klement]] [[automobile]] brand, predecessor of [[Škoda Auto]], is founded as a bicycle manufacturer in central [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (modern-day [[Czech Republic]]).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bGuud7_uy0C|title=Mick Walker's European Racing Motorcycles|date=2000|publisher=Redline Books|isbn=978-0-9531311-3-6|pages=76–77}}</ref> 
* [[December 24]] 
** [[Kingstown lifeboat disaster]]: 15 crew are lost when their [[Lifeboat (rescue)|life-boat]] capsizes while trying to rescue the crew of the ''Palme'' off Kingstown (modern-day [[Dún Laoghaire]]), near [[Dublin]], Ireland.
** [[George Washington Vanderbilt II]] officially opens his [[Biltmore Estate]], inviting his family and guests to celebrate his new home in [[Asheville, North Carolina]].
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Auguste and Louis Lumière]] make what is probably the first commercial [[public screening]] of projected moving picture films to a paying audience, at the [[Salon Indien du Grand Café]] in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Présentation Du Cinématographe Lumière|url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/presentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere/|access-date=2023-03-28|website=Encyclopædia Universalis|date=March 27, 2002 }}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
[[File:Otto Lilienthal gliding experiment ppmsca.02546.jpg|thumb|
Otto Lilienthal gliding experiment]]
* The world's first portable handheld electric [[drill]] is developed, by brothers [[Wilhelm Emil Fein|Wilhelm]] and Carl Fein in Germany.
* [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]] proposes a [[space elevator]].
* The [[Swarovski]] Company is founded by Armand Kosman, Franz Weis and [[Daniel Swarovski]] in the [[Austria]]n [[Tirol, Austria|Tyrol]], for the production of [[crystal glass]].
* The name '[[HP Sauce]]' is first registered in the United Kingdom for a [[brown sauce]].
* The [[Duck Reach Power Station]] opens in [[Tasmania]] (the first publicly owned [[hydroelectric]] plant in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]).
* The first [[sample fair]] (''Mustermesse'') is held at [[Leipzig]], Germany.
* The first [[Boxer (dog breed)|Boxer dog]] club is established in Germany.
* The Raiffeisen model of Cooperative Credit and Saving Bank, predecessor of [[Rabo Bank]], a worldwide multiple [[financial service]] provider, is founded in the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About our history |url=https://www.rabobank.com/en/about-rabobank/profile/history/about-our-history/index.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Rabobank.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Births ==

=== January ===
[[File:Hoover-JEdgar-LOC.jpg|thumb|100px|[[J. Edgar Hoover]]]]
[[File:L.A Mayer.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Leo Aryeh Mayer]]]]
* [[January 1]]
** [[Bert Acosta]], American aviator (d. [[1954]])
** [[J. Edgar Hoover]], American Federal Bureau of Investigation director (d. [[1972]])
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[Leroy Grumman]], American aeronautical engineer, test pilot and industrialist (d. [[1982]])
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Lucian Truscott]], American general (d. [[1965]])
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Graciela Amaya de García]], Mexican feminist, organizer (d. [[1995]])
* [[January 15]]
** [[Leo Aryeh Mayer]], Israeli professor, scholar of Islamic art (d. [[1959]])
** [[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]], Finnish chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1973]])
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Husayn Khalidi]], [[Prime Minister of Jordan]] (d. [[1966]])
* [[January 19]]
** [[Isamu Chō]], Japanese general (d. [[1945]])
** [[Arthur Coningham (RAF officer)|Arthur Coningham]], British air marshal (d. [[1948]])
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Cristóbal Balenciaga]], Spanish-French couturier (d. [[1972]])
* [[January 30]]
** [[Marianne Golz]], Austrian-born opera singer and World War II resistance member (d. [[1943]])
** [[Wilhelm Gustloff]], German-born Swiss Nazi party leader (d. [[1936]])

=== February ===
[[File:Babe Ruth2.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Babe Ruth]]]]
[[File:Louise Lovely Witzel.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Louise Lovely]]]]
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[George Halas]], American football player and coach, co-founder of the National Football League (d. [[1983]])
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Babe Ruth]], American baseball player (d. [[1948]])
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]], [[Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic]], Prime Minister of the [[Mongolian People's Republic]] (d. [[1952]])
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Victor Jacob Koningsberger]], Dutch botanist (d. [[1966]])<ref>{{cite book 
 |last=Arisz
 |first=W.H. 
 |chapter= Levensbericht V.J. Koningsberger
 |trans-chapter=Obituary of V.J. Koningsberger
 |publisher=[[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
 |pages= 329&ndash;339 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601081100/https://dwc.knaw.nl/DL/levensberichten/PE00001345.pdf
 |archivedate=1 June 2023
|url=https://dwc.knaw.nl/DL/levensberichten/PE00001345.pdf
 |language=Dutch
 |location=Amsterdam
 |year=1967
 |title=Jaarboek, 1965-1966
 |trans-title=Yearbook, 1965&ndash;1966
}}</ref>
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Max Horkheimer]], German philosopher, sociologist (d. [[1973]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Earl Thomson]], Canadian athlete (d. [[1971]])
* [[February 18]] (O.S. 6 February) &ndash; [[Semyon Timoshenko]], Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. [[1970]])
* [[February 19]]
**[[Louis Calhern]], American actor (d. [[1956]])
**[[Diego Mazquiarán]], Spanish matador (d. [[1940]])
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Henrik Dam]], Danish biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1976]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Edward Brophy]], American character actor (d. [[1960]])
* [[February 28]]
** [[Louise Lovely]], Australian actress (d. [[1980]])
** [[Marcel Pagnol]], French novelist, playwright (d. [[1974]])

=== March ===
[[File:Robert Benoist Monza 1927 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Robert Benoist]]]]
[[File:McCuddenportrait.jpg|thumb|100px|[[James McCudden]]]]
* [[March 3]]
** [[Ragnar Frisch]], Norwegian economist, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1973]])
** [[Matthew Ridgway]], United States Army Chief of Staff, Commander of NATO (d. [[1993]])
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[Robert Carney]], American admiral (d. [[1990]])<ref>{{cite web| access-date=2008-08-16| url=http://www.history.navy.mil/library/Bios/carney_rb.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310000046/http://www.history.navy.mil/library/Bios/carney_rb.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=March 10, 2009| title=Admiral Robert B. Carney| work=Biographies in Naval History| publisher=Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy| date=August 11, 2008}}</ref>
* [[March 11]] &ndash; [[Shemp Howard]], American actor, comedian (''The Three Stooges'') (d. [[1955]])
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Tobie Goedewaagen]], Dutch philosopher and Nazi collaborator (d. [[1980]])
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Robert Benoist]], French race car driver, war hero (d. [[1944]])
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Encarnacion Alzona]], Filipino historian and suffragist (d. [[2001]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Ruth Snyder]], American murderer (d. [[1928]])
* [[March 28]]
** [[Spencer W. Kimball]], 12th president of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1985]])
** [[James McCudden]], British World War I flying ace (d. [[1918]])
* [[March 29]]
** [[Ernst Jünger]], German military hero, philosopher and entomologist (d. [[1998]])
** [[George Alan Vasey|George Vasey]], Australian general (d. [[1945]])
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Carl Lutz]], Swiss-American World War II humanitarian (d. [[1975]])

=== April ===
[[File:Stanley Rous.jpg|thumb|100px|Sir [[Stanley Rous]]]]
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Alberta Hunter]], American singer (d. [[1984]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Down Beat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMUJAQAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Maher Publications|page=22}}</ref>
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco]], Italian composer (d. [[1968]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicolas Slonimsky|title=Music Since 1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5PlAAAAMAAJ|year=1938|publisher=W.W. Norton, Incorporated|page=446}}</ref>
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[John Kotelawala]], 3rd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. [[1980]])
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Mike O'Dowd]], American boxer (d. [[1957]])
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Olga Rudge]], American violinist (d. [[1996]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[Anton Reinthaller]], Austrian right-wing politician (d. [[1958]])
* [[April 25]] – [[Stanley Rous]], English administrator, 6th President of FIFA (d. [[1986]])
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Hans Kopfermann]], German physicist (d. [[1963]]) 
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Malcolm Sargent]], English conductor (d. [[1967]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Reid|title=Malcolm Sargent: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1c8AAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Hamilton|isbn=978-0-241-91316-1|page=12}}</ref>

=== May ===
[[File:Rudolph Valentino.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Rudolph Valentino]]]]
[[File:Jiddu Krishnamurti 01.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jiddu Krishnamurti]]]]
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Nikolai Yezhov]], Soviet politician and police chief, Great Purge Perpetrator (d. [[1940]])
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Lorenz Hart]], American lyricist (d. [[1943]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Caryl Brahms|author2=Ned Sherrin|title=Song by Song: The Lives and Work of 14 Great Lyric Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vaMHAQAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=R. Anderson Publications|isbn=978-0-86360-013-5|page=236}}</ref>
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Charles Lamont]], Russian-born film director (d. [[1993]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Rudolph Valentino]], Italian actor (d. [[1926]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Fulton J. Sheen]], American Catholic archbishop, television personality (d. [[1979]])
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Richard Barthelmess]], American actor (d. [[1963]])
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Jiddu Krishnamurti]], Indian philosopher, speaker and writer (d. [[1986]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Christine V.|year=2004|title=Jiddu Krishnamurti: world philosopher (1895–1986): his life and thoughts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzDar6XfICEC|location=[[Delhi]]|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-2032-6|access-date=3 October 2011}}</ref>
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[William Giauque]], Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. [[1982]])
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Prescott Bush]], American banker and politician (d. [[1972]])
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Saul Adler]], Russian-born British-Israeli expert on parasitology (d. [[1966]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Lázaro Cárdenas]], 44th [[President of Mexico]], 1934–1940 (d. [[1970]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://independenciademexico.com.mx/biografia-de-lazaro-cardenas/|title=Biografía de Lázaro Cárdenas|publisher=Independencia de Mexico.com|language=es|access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref>
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Dorothea Lange]], American documentary photographer, photojournalist (d. [[1965]])

=== June ===
[[File:Jack Dempsey 3.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jack Dempsey]]]]
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[K. M. Panikkar]], Indian scholar, diplomat and journalist (d. [[1963]])
* [[June 4]] 
** [[Dino Grandi]], Italian Fascist politician (d. [[1988]])
** [[Russell Hicks]], American actor (d. [[1957]])
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[William Boyd (actor)|William Boyd]], American actor (d. [[1972]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Cemal Gürsel]], Turkish army officer, President (d. [[1966]])
* [[June 12]]
** [[Eugénie Brazier]], French cook (d. [[1977]])
** [[Wilfrid Kent Hughes]], Australian Olympian and politician (d. [[1970]])
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Irina Odoyevtseva]], Russian poet, novelist and memoirist (d. [[1990]])
* [[June 17]]
** [[Louise Fazenda]], American actress (d. [[1962]])
** [[Ruben Rausing]], Swedish entrepreneur, founder of [[Tetra Pak]] (d. [[1983]]) 
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Jack Dempsey]], American boxer (d. [[1983]])

=== July ===
[[File:Carl Orff um 1970.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Carl Orff]]]]
[[File:Kirsten Flagstad as Isolde.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Kirsten Flagstad]]]]
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Pavel Sukhoi]], Russian aircraft engineer (d. [[1975]])
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Igor Tamm]], Russian physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1971]])
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Frederick Hanson (engineer)|Frederick Hanson]], New Zealand soldier, engineer, military leader and public servant (d. [[1979]])
* [[July 10]] 
** [[Carl Orff]], German composer (d. [[1982]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Mark Morris|title=A Guide to 20th-century Composers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph8KAQAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Methuen|isbn=978-0-413-45601-4|page=191}}</ref>
** [[Nahum Goldmann]], Russian-born Zionist (d. [[1982]])
* [[July 12]]
** [[Kirsten Flagstad]], Norwegian soprano (d. [[1982]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Record Collector: A Magazine for Collectors of Recorded Vocal Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Vs5AQAAIAAJ|year=1962|page=20|last1 = Dennis|first1 = James F. E.}}</ref>
** [[Oscar Hammerstein II]], American musical theater lyricist, (d. [[1960]])
** [[Buckminster Fuller]], American architect (d. [[1983]])
* [[July 14]] 
** [[Jin Yuelin]], Chinese philosopher (d. [[1984]])
** [[LeRoy Prinz]], American choreographer, director and producer (d. [[1983]])
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Olga Spessivtseva]], Russian ballerina (d. [[1991]])
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Xu Beihong]], Chinese painter (d. [[1953]])
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Ken Maynard]], American actor (d. [[1973]])
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[León de Greiff]], Colombian poet (d. [[1976]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Aileen Pringle]], American actress (d. [[1989]])
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Robert Graves]], English writer (d. [[1985]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Alan Bold|author2=Allen Freer|title=Cambridge Book of English Verse 1939-1975|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sko7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|date=4 March 1976|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-09840-3|pages=35}}</ref>
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Gracie Allen]], American actress and comedian (d. [[1964]])

=== August ===
[[File:HRH Tuanku Abdul Rahman Ibni Al-Marhum Tuanku Muhammad. The Tuanku Ja'afar Royal Gallery, Seremban.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan]]]]
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Jean Navarre]], French World War I fighter ace (d. [[1919]])
* [[August 16]]
** [[Liane Haid]], Austrian actress (d. [[2000]])
** [[Lucien Littlefield]], American actor (d. [[1960]])
* [[August 24]]
**[[Guido Masiero]], Italian World War I flying ace, aviation pioneer (d. [[1942]])
**[[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan]], King of Malaysia (d.[[1960]])

=== September ===
[[File:Sara García in No Basta Ser Madre (1937).jpg|100px|thumb|[[Sara García]]]]
[[File:John G. Diefenbaker.jpg|thumb|100px|[[John Diefenbaker]]]]
* [[September 1]]
** [[Chembai]], Indian Carnatic musician (d. [[1974]])
** [[Engelbert Zaschka]], German helicopter pioneer (d. [[1955]])
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Margery Perham]], English Africanist (d. [[1982]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; Sir [[Brian Horrocks]], British general (d. [[1985]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Sara García]], Mexican actress (d. [[1980]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Vinoba Bhave]], Indian religious leader (d. [[1982]])
* [[September 13]]
**[[Ruth McDevitt]], American actress (d. [[1976]])
**[[Bernard Warburton-Lee]], British naval officer, [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (d. [[1940]])
* [[September 18]]
** [[John Diefenbaker]], 13th [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (d. [[1979]])
** [[Tomoji Tanabe]], Japanese [[supercentenarian]] (d. [[2009]])
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Joseph Frank Wehner]], American World War I [[flying ace]] (d. [[1918]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/usa/wehner.php|title=Joseph Wehner|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=theaerodrome.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630060340/http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/usa/wehner.php|archive-date=30 June 2019|access-date=}}</ref>
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Juan de la Cierva]], Spanish civil engineer, aviator, aeronautical engineer and inventor of the autogyro (d. [[1936]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Paul Muni]], Austro-Hungarian-born American actor (d. [[1967]])
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[André Frédéric Cournand]], French-born physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1988]])
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Joseph Banks Rhine]], American parapsychologist (d. [[1980]])
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Aleksandr Vasilevsky]], Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. [[1977]])

=== October ===
[[File:Busterkeaton edit.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Buster Keaton]]]]
[[File:Juan_Domingo_Perón.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Juan Perón]]]]
[[File:Portrait of prime minister Levy Eshkol. August 1963. D699-070.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Levi Eshkol]]]]
[[File:Gerhard Domagk nobel.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Gerhard Domagk]]]]
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Liaquat Ali Khan]], 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. [[1951]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Sergei Yesenin]], Russian lyric poet (d. [[1925]])
* [[October 4]]
** [[Buster Keaton]], American actor, film director (d. [[1966]])
** [[Richard Sorge]], German-born Soviet spy (k. [[1944]])
* [[October 8]]
** [[Juan Perón]], two-time President of Argentina (d. [[1974]])
** King [[Zog of Albania]] (d. [[1961]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Ivan Yumashev (admiral)|Ivan Yumashev]], Soviet admiral (d. [[1972]])
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Wolfram von Richthofen]], German field marshal (d. [[1945]])
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes]], 21st President of Guatemala (d. [[1982]])
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Lewis Mumford]], American historian (d. [[1990]])
* [[October 20]] &ndash; 
** [[Evelyn Brent]], American actress (d. [[1975]])
** [[Rex Ingram (actor)|Rex Ingram]], African American actor (d. [[1969]])
** [[Morrie Ryskind]], American dramatist (d. [[1985]])
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Edna Purviance]], American actress (d. [[1958]])
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Rolf Nevanlinna]], Finnish mathematician (d. [[1980]])
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Charles Walter Allfrey]], British general (d. [[1964]])
* [[October 25]] 
** [[Levi Eshkol]], Israeli Prime Minister (d. [[1969]])
** [[Gilda Gray]], Polish-born American dancer and actress (d. [[1959]])
* [[October 30]]
** [[Gerhard Domagk]], German bacteriologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (declined) (d. [[1964]])
** [[Dickinson W. Richards]], American physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1973]])
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Basil Liddell Hart]], British military historian (d. [[1970]])

=== November ===
[[File:Paul Hindemith 1923.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Paul Hindemith]]]]
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Thomas G. W. Settle]], American record-setting balloonist and admiral (d. [[1980]])
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Walter Gieseking]], German pianist (d. [[1956]])
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[Jack Northrop]], American airplane manufacturer (d. [[1981]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Walter Jackson Freeman II]], American neurologist (d. [[1972]])
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia]] (d. [[Murder of the Romanov family|1918]])<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC Two - Russia's Lost Princesses - Beyond the portraits |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/HxprRdWRhF6G7zg54kFLnp/beyond-the-portraits |website=BBC |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Paul Hindemith]], German composer (d. [[1963]])
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Mikhail Bakhtin]], Russian philosopher, literary scholar (d. [[1975]])
* [[November 25]]
** [[Wilhelm Kempff]], German pianist (d. [[1991]])
** [[Helen Hooven Santmyer]], American writer (d. [[1986]])
** [[Ludvík Svoboda]], 8th President of Czechoslovakia (d. [[1979]])
* [[November 29]]
** [[Busby Berkeley]], American film director, choreographer (d. [[1976]])
** [[William Tubman]], 19th President of Liberia (d. [[1971]])

=== December ===
[[File:King George VI LOC matpc.14736 (cleaned).jpg|thumb|100px|[[George VI]]]]
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Harriet Cohen]], English pianist (d. [[1967]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Sheng Shicai]], Chinese warlord (d. [[1970]])
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Mamerto Urriolagoitía]], 43rd [[President of Bolivia]] (d. [[1974]])
* [[December 9]] 
** [[Whina Cooper]], New Zealand schoolteacher, historian and activist (d. [[1994]])
** [[Dolores Ibárruri]], Spanish republican leader (d. [[1989]])
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Leo Ornstein]], Russian-American composer (d. [[2002]])
* [[December 14]]
** [[Paul Éluard]], French poet (d. [[1952]])
** King [[George VI]] of the United Kingdom (d. [[1952]])
** [[Josef Hoop]], [[Prime Minister of Liechtenstein]] (d. [[1952]])
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Marguerite Williams]], African-American geologist (d.[[1991]]?)

===Date unknown===
* [[Tawfik Abu Al-Huda]], 4-Time Prime Minister of Jordan (d. [[1956]])

== Deaths ==

=== January&ndash;February ===
[[File:Frederick Douglass (circa 1879).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Frederick Douglass]]]]
[[File:T. Muthuswamy Iyer.jpg|thumb|110px|[[T. Muthuswamy Iyer]]]]
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Mary Torrans Lathrap]], American temperance reformer (b. [[1838]])
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[William Loring (Royal Navy officer)|William Loring]], British admiral (b. [[1811]])
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Aaron Lufkin Dennison]], American watchmaker (b. [[1812]])
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Godard]], French composer (b. [[1849]])
* [[January 19]] &ndash; [[António Luís de Seabra, 1st Viscount of Seabra]], Portuguese magistrate and politician (b. [[1798]])
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Lord Randolph Churchill]], British statesman (b. [[1849]])
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[T. Muthuswamy Iyer]], Lawyer, first Indian Judge of the Madras high court (b. 1832)
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Arthur Cayley]], British mathematician, (b. [[1821]])<ref>{{cite journal|author=Scott, Charlotte Angas|author-link=Charlotte Scott|title=Arthur Cayley. Born August 16th, 1821. Died January 26th, 1895|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1895|volume=1|issue=6|pages=133–141|mr=1557369|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1895-00261-x|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[January 27]] – [[John Erskine (judge)|John Erskine]], Irish-American jurist and United States district judge from 1865 to 1883 (b. [[1813]])
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[François Certain de Canrobert]], French general, [[Marshal of France]] (b. [[1809]])
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Ōdera Yasuzumi]], Japanese general (killed in action) (b. [[1846]])
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Liu Buchan]], Chinese admiral (suicide) (b. [[1852]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Ding Ruchang]], Chinese army officer, admiral (killed in action) (b. [[1836]])
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen]], Austrian general (b. [[1817]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Frederick Douglass]], American ex-slave and author (b. c.[[1818]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Rochester (N.Y.). Council|title=Proceedings ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrdEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA597|year=1895|pages=597}}</ref>
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare]], politician (b. [[1815]])<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-BRUC-AUS-1815|title=Bruce, Henry Austin (1815–1895), 1st Baron Aberdare|first=James Frederick|last=Rees|author-link=Frederick Rees|access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref>
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Salvador de Itúrbide y Marzán]], Prince of Mexico (b. [[1849]])

=== March&ndash;April ===
[[File:Morisot berthe photo.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Berthe Morisot]]]]
* [[March 2]] &ndash; [[Berthe Morisot]], French painter (b. [[1841]])
* [[March 3]] &ndash; [[Geoffrey Hornby]], British admiral (b. [[1825]])
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Leopold von Sacher-Masoch]], Austrian writer for whom the word masochism is named (b. [[1836]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Charles Frederick Worth]], English-born couturier (b. [[1825]])
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Louise Otto-Peters]], German women's rights movement activist (b. [[1819]]) 
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Beauchamp Seymour, 1st Baron Alcester|Beauchamp Seymour]], British admiral (b. [[1821]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Jorge Isaacs]], Colombian writer, politician and explorer (b. [[1837]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Twayne's World Authors Series|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8A3AAAAIAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Twayne Publishers|page=31}}</ref>
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Emily Thornton Charles]], American newspaper founder (b. [[1845]])<ref>{{cite news|title=Death of Emily Thornton Charles. Logansport Reporter. Logansport, Indiana. April 29, 1895, p 6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14168474/death_of_emily_thornton_charles/|access-date=4 October 2017|work=Logansport Reporter|date=29 April 1895|pages=6|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref>

=== May&ndash;June ===
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[José Martí]], Cuban independence leader (b. [[1853]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Franz von Suppé]], Austrian composer (b. [[1819]])
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Franz Ernst Neumann]], German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician (b. [[1798]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Ahmed Cevdet Pasha]], Ottoman statesman (b. [[1822]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Walter Q. Gresham]], American politician (b. [[1832]])
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Joseph Marello]], Italian Roman Catholic prelate (b. [[1844]])
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Abu Bakar of Johor]], Malaysian sultan (b. [[1833]])
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Gustaf Nordenskiöld]], Swedish explorer (b. [[1868]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla]], Prime Minister of Spain (b. [[1833]])
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Sophie Adlersparre]], Swedish feminist and magazine editor (b. [[1823]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=5564|author=Sigrid Leijonhufvud|title=K Sophie Adlersparre (f. Leijonhuvud)|website=Svenskt biografiskt lexikon|access-date=2015-06-16}}</ref>
* [[June 29]]
** [[Thomas Henry Huxley]], English evolutionary biologist (b. [[1825]])
** [[Green Clay Smith]], American politician (b. [[1826]])
** [[Floriano Vieira Peixoto]], 2nd president of [[Brazil]] (b. [[1839]])
** [[Émile Munier]], French artist (b. [[1840]])

=== July&ndash;August ===
[[File:Friedrich Engels portrait (cropped).jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Friedrich Engels]]]]
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Stefan Stambolov]], 9th [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria]] (assassinated) (b. [[1854]])
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Edward Beecher]], American theologian (b. [[1803]])
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Floriano Peixoto]], 2nd [[President of Brazil]] (b. [[1839]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Louis-Antoine Dessaulles]], Quebec journalist, politician (b. [[1818]])
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Engels]], German communist philosopher (b. [[1820]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Radical Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7UkAQAAIAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Radical Philosophy Group|page=51}}</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Howell Edmunds Jackson]], American Supreme Court Justice (b. [[1832]])
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Luzon B. Morris]], American politician (b. [[1827]])
*[[August 26]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Meischer]], Swiss physician and biologist (b. [[1844]])

=== September&ndash;October ===
[[File:Louis Pasteur, foto av Paul Nadar, Crisco edit.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Louis Pasteur]]]]
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Adam Opel]], German founder of the automobile company Adam Opel AG (b. [[1837]])
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Ephraim Wales Bull]], American horticulturalist, creator of the [[Concord (grape)|Concord grape]] (b. [[1806]])
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Louis Pasteur]], French microbiologist, chemist (b. [[1822]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Harry Wright]], English-born American baseball pioneer (b. [[1835]])
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Empress Myeongseong]] (Queen Min), last Korean empress (assassinated) (b. [[1851]]) 
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Franklin Leonard Pope]], American engineer, explorer and inventor (b. [[1840]])
* [[October 25]] &ndash; Sir [[Charles Hallé]], German-born pianist and conductor (b. [[1819]])
* [[October 27]]/[[October 28|28]] &ndash; [[Adele Spitzeder]], German actress, folk singer and confidence trickster (b. [[1832]])

=== November&ndash;December ===
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa]] of Japan (b. [[1847]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Adelia Cleopatra Graves]], American educator (b. [[1821]])
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[Mauritz de Haas]], Dutch-American marine painter (b. [[1832]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Ludwik Teichmann]], Polish anatomist (b. [[1823]])
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Alexandre Dumas, fils]], French novelist and playwright (b. [[1824]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Frank Northen Magill|title=Masterplots: Cyclopedia of world authors; seven hundred fifty three novelists, poets, playwrights from the world's fine literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zu7XAAAAMAAJ|year=1958|publisher=Salem Press|page=321}}</ref>
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Allen G. Thurman]], American politician (b. [[1813]])
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Ányos Jedlik]], Hungarian physicist, inventor of the dynamo (b. [[1800]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Eivind Astrup]], Norwegian Arctic explorer (b. [[1871]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Giorgio Mignaty]], Italian-Greek painter (b. [[1824]])<ref>[http://www.istitutomatteucci.it/it/artisti-censiti/mignaty-giorgio  Istituto Matteucci] biography.</ref>
* [[The boy Jones|Edward Jones]], British trespasser who died c. 1895 (b. [[1824]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* ''Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1895: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry'' (1896); highly detailed compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage. not online.

{{DEFAULTSORT:1895}}
[[Category:1895| ]]