Editing 1873

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== Events ==

===January&ndash;March===
* [[January 1]]
** [[Japanese calendar|Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar]].
** The [[California Penal Code]] goes into effect.
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[American Indian Wars]]: [[Modoc War]]: [[First Battle of the Stronghold]] &ndash; Modoc Indians defeat the [[United States Army]].
* [[February 11]] &ndash; The Spanish [[Cortes Generales|Cortes]] deposes King [[Amadeo I of Spain|Amadeus I]], and proclaims the [[First Spanish Republic]].
* [[February 12]] 
** [[Emilio Castelar]], the former foreign minister, becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic.
** The [[Coinage Act of 1873]] in the United States is signed into law by President [[Ulysses S. Grant]]; coming into effect on [[April 1]], it ends [[bimetallism]] in the U.S., and places the country on the [[gold standard]].
* [[February 20]]
** The [[University of California]] opens its first [[medical school]] in [[San Francisco]].
** British naval officer John Moresby discovers the site of [[Port Moresby]] in Papua New Guinea, and claims the land for Britain.
* [[March 3]] &ndash; [[Censorship]]: The [[United States Congress]] enacts the [[Comstock Law]], making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
* [[March 15]] &ndash; The [[Phi Sigma Kappa]] student fraternity is founded at the [[Massachusetts Agricultural College]].
* [[March 22]] &ndash; Emancipation Day for [[Puerto Rico]]: Most slaves are freed.
* [[March 29]] &ndash; The ''[[Rio Tinto Company]]'' is formed in Spain, following the [[February 17]] purchase of the Rio Tinto Mine from the Spanish government by a British investment group.

===April&ndash;June===
* [[April 1]] &ndash; British ocean liner {{RMS|Atlantic}} sinks off [[Nova Scotia]], killing 547.
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[The Kennel Club]], the world's first [[kennel club]], is founded in the United Kingdom.
* [[April 13]] – [[Colfax massacre]]: More than 60 to 150 black men are murdered in [[Colfax, Louisiana]], while surrendering to a mob of former Confederate soldiers and members of the [[Ku Klux Klan]].
* [[April 15]]&ndash;[[April 17|17]] &ndash; [[American Indian Wars]]: The [[Second Battle of the Stronghold]] is fought.
* [[April 19]] &ndash; In [[Richmond, Rhode Island]], 11 people perish in a train derailment, due to a bridge washout in the village of Richmond Switch (modern-day [[Wood River Junction, Rhode Island|Wood River Junction]]). 
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]] EVENTS IN MADRID, SPAIN -- Brigadier General Carmona confronts the insurgents at the Madrid bullring.
* [[May]] &ndash; Henry Rose exhibits [[barbed wire]] at an [[Illinois]] county fair, which is taken up by [[Joseph Glidden]] and [[Jacob Haish]], who invent a machine to mass-produce it.
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]] in Spain: Battle of Eraul &ndash; Carlists under General Dorregaray defeat Republicans at Eraul, near Estella.
* [[May 9]]
** ''Der Gründerkrach'': The [[Wiener Börse]] ([[Vienna]] stock exchange) crash in [[Austria-Hungary]] ends the ''[[Gründerzeit]]'', and heralds the global [[Panic of 1873]] and [[Long Depression]].
** [[Third Carlist War]]: The Battle of Montejurra is fought at Navarra, Spain.
* [[May 20]]
** [[Levi Strauss]] and [[Jacob Davis (inventor)|Jacob Davis]] receive United States [[patent#139121]], for using [[copper]] [[rivets]] to strengthen the pockets of [[denim]] work pants. [[Levi Strauss & Co.]] begins manufacturing the famous Levi's brand of jeans, using fabric from the [[Amoskeag Manufacturing Company]] in [[Manchester, New Hampshire]].
** In [[Chipping Norton]], England, rioters attempt to free the [[Ascott Martyrs]] &ndash;16 women sentenced to imprisonment, for attempting to dissuade [[strikebreaker]]s in an agricultural labor dispute.
* [[May 23]]
** The Canadian Parliament establishes the [[North-West Mounted Police]] (which is renamed the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] in [[1920]]).
** The [[Preakness Stakes]] horse race is run for the first time in [[Baltimore]].
* [[May 27]] &ndash; Classical archaeologist [[Heinrich Schliemann]] discovers [[Priam's Treasure]].
* [[May 28]]
** C. Laan brings order to the chaos created by the dockworker riots of [[Tripoli, Lebanon]].
** The city of [[Khiva]] in Turkestan falls to [[Imperial Russia]]n forces, under the command of General [[Konstantin von Kaufman]].
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[American Indian Wars]]: The [[Modoc War]] ends with the capture of [[Kintpuash]] (''Captain Jack'').
* [[June 9]] &ndash; [[Alexandra Palace]] entertainment venue in London is destroyed by fire, only a fortnight after its opening.

===July&ndash;September===
* [[July]] &ndash; The end of the war between the United Kingdom and [[Ashanti people|Ghana]]'s King Kofi KariKari, who is involved in the trading of [[slaves]], leads to the establishment of the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast Colony]].
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Prince Edward Island]] joins the [[Canadian Confederation]].
* [[July 5]] &ndash; New Rush in [[Griqualand West]], [[South Africa]], is renamed [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]].<ref name="Roberts, Brian">Roberts, Brian. 1976. ''Kimberley, turbulent city''. Cape Town: David Philip, p 115</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Alpens &ndash; Campaigning in Catalonia, a government column under General [[José Cabrinetty]] is ambushed at [[Alpens]], 15 miles east of Berga, by Carlist forces under General [[Francisco Savalls]]. After heavy fighting, with Cabrinety killed, virtually the entire column of 800 men is killed or captured.
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Richard Southey (colonial administrator)|Richard Southey]] becomes the first Lieutenant-Governor of [[Griqualand West]].<ref name="Griqua">[http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/griqualandwest/griqualandwestadmin.htm The British Empire: Griqualand West Administrators] (Accessed on 16 April 2017)</ref>
* [[July 21]] &ndash; At [[Adair, Iowa]], [[Jesse James]] and the [[James–Younger Gang]] pull off the first successful [[train robbery]] in the [[American Old West]] (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Pine|Sir Benjamin Pine]] becomes [[Colony of Natal#Lieutenant-governors|Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal]].
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[American Indian Wars]]: While protecting a railroad survey party in [[Montana]], the [[7th Cavalry Regiment|Seventh Cavalry]], under Lieutenant Colonel [[George Armstrong Custer]], clashes for the first time with the [[Sioux]], near the [[Tongue River (Montana)|Tongue River]] (only 1 man on each side is killed).
* [[August 12]] &ndash; A peace treaty is signed between [[Imperial Russia]] and the [[Khanate of Khiva]], making the khanate a Russian protectorate.
* [[August 30]] &ndash; The [[Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition]] discovers [[Franz Josef Land]].<ref>[http://mapstor.com/news/this-day-in-history/30-08-2013-30thaugust-1873-the-arctic-archipelago-of-franz-josef-land-was-discovered.html This Day in History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222607/http://mapstor.com/news/this-day-in-history/30-08-2013-30thaugust-1873-the-arctic-archipelago-of-franz-josef-land-was-discovered.html |date=December 2, 2013 }}. Accessed 22 November 2013.</ref>
* [[September 15]] &ndash; The [[International Meteorological Organization]] (IMO) is established.
* [[September 16]] &ndash; German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity for the [[Franco-Prussian War]].
* [[September 17]] &ndash; The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later [[Ohio State University]], opens its doors with 25 students, including 2 women.
* [[September 18]] &ndash; A New York stock market crash helps to trigger the [[Panic of 1873]], part of the [[Long Depression]].
* [[September 25]] &ndash; Classes begin at [[Drury University]] in [[Springfield, Missouri]].

===October&ndash;December===
* [[October]] &ndash; The [[Long Depression]] begins in the United States.
* [[November 7]]
** [[Alexander Mackenzie (politician)|Alexander Mackenzie]] becomes the second [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
** [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Montejurra &ndash; Determined to recapture the key city of [[Estella-Lizarra|Estella]] in Navarre, Spanish Republican General Domingo Moriones advances on the Carlists under General Joaquín Elío at nearby [[Montejurra]]. After very heavy fighting both sides claim victory, but Moriones withdraws, and Estella remains in Carlist hands. Don Carlos is present in the front line.
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Budapest]], Hungary's capital, is formed from [[Pest (city)|Pest]], [[Buda]] and [[Óbuda]].
* [[November 18]]–[[November 21|21]] &ndash; [[Irish Home Rule movement]]: The [[Home Government Association]] reconstitutes itself as the [[Home Rule League]].
* [[November 22]] &ndash; {{SS|Ville du Havre}}, on passage from New York to France, collides with Scottish 3-masted iron clipper ''Loch Earn'' in mid-Atlantic and sinks in 12 minutes with the loss of 226 lives.
* [[December]] &ndash;  Major [[Walter Clopton Wingfield]] designs and [[patent]]s a [[List of sports#Racket sports|racquet sport]], which he calls ''sphairistike'' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]] σφάίρίστική, "skill at playing at ball"), soon known simply as ''[[Stické]]'' and an ancestor of [[lawn tennis]], for the amusement of his guests at a garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in [[Llanelidan]], Wales.
* [[December 15]] &ndash; Women of [[Fredonia, New York]], march against the retail liquor dealers in town, to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade of 1873–74.
* [[December 16]] &ndash; The [[Heineken Brewery]] is founded in [[Amsterdam]], the Netherlands.
* [[December 19]] (December 7 OS) &ndash; [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]'s fantasia ''[[The Tempest (Tchaikovsky)|The Tempest]]'', composed between August and October, is premiered, in Moscow.
* [[December 21]] &ndash; French official [[Francis Garnier]] is attacked outside [[Hanoi]] by [[Black Flag Army|Black Flag]] mercenaries fighting for the [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]].
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Bocairente &ndash; Campaigning in Valenica, Spanish Republican General [[Valeriano Weyler]] is attacked at Bocairente, northwest of Alcoy, by a greatly superior Carlist force under General José Santés. Weyler is initially driven back, losing some of his guns, but in a brilliant counter-attack he turns defeat into victory, and Santés is heavily repulsed and forced to withdraw.
* [[December 23]] &ndash; The [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] is founded, in [[Hillsboro, Ohio]].
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Siege of Bilbao (until [[2 May]] [[1874]]) &ndash; Campaigning in [[Navarre]], Pretender Don Carlos VII and General Joaquín Elío besiege [[Bilbao]], held by General Ignacio del Castillo and 1,200 men. The Carlist force is ten times this number, and includes most of the troops from Navarre, [[Biscay|Vizcaya]] and [[Álava]], although a considerable force is left in Guipúzcoa. Despite defeat at nearby Somorrostro, Republican commander Marshal [[Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre|Francisco Serrano]], supported by Generals Manuel de la Concha and [[Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón|Arsenio Martínez-Campos]], brilliantly breaks the siege, and Concha then marches on Estella.

===Date unknown===
* The [[League of the Three Emperors]] is created. It links the conservative monarchs of [[Austria-Hungary]], the [[German Empire]] and the [[Russian Empire]] in an alliance against radical movements.
* Founding in Canada of:
** [[Toronto Argonauts]] ([[Canadian football|football]]), the oldest professional sports team still playing in North America.
** [[Royal Montreal Golf Club|Royal Montreal Club]] in Montreal, the first permanent [[golf]] club in North America.
* [[Liebig's Extract of Meat Company]] begins producing tinned [[corned beef]], sold under the label [[Fray Bentos]], from the town in [[Uruguay]] where it is processed.
* [[Coors Brewing Company]] begins making [[beer]] in [[Golden, Colorado]].
* Konishiya Rokubei, predecessor of the [[Konica Minolta]] worldwide imaging brand, is founded in [[Tokyo]], Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.konicaminolta.com/global-en/corporate/history.html|title=History|publisher=Konica Minolta|accessdate=2022-11-10}}</ref>
* The [[Sweden|Swedish]] arms company Aktiebolaget (AB) Bofors-Gullspång, better known as [[Bofors]], is founded.
* In [[Mexico]], the [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]]–Mexico City railroad is completed.
* Nine [[American Pekin duck|Pekin duck]]s are imported to [[Long Island]] (the first in the United States).
* The [[Married Woman's Property Rights Association]] is founded in Sweden.
* Demonstration of an electric [[tram]] operated on [[Miller's line]] at [[Sestroretsk]] near [[Saint Petersburg]] in the Russian Empire by inventor [[Fyodor Pirotsky]].<ref>{{cite book|first=C. N.|last=Pyrgidis|title=Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation|publisher=CRC Press|year=2016|page=156}}</ref>

== Births ==

===January&ndash;March===
[[File:Adolph Zukor 001.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Adolph Zukor]]]] 
[[File:Melitta Bentz.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Melitta Bentz]]]]
[[File:Enrico Caruso XV.png|thumb|110px|[[Enrico Caruso]]]]
[[File:Sergei Rachmaninoff cph.3a40575.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]]]
[[File:HansBerger Univ Jena.jpeg|thumb|110px|[[Hans Berger]]]] 
[[File: Otto Loewi nobel.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Otto Loewi]]]]
[[File: Alexis Carrel 02.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Alexis Carrel]]]]
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Thérèse of Lisieux]], Catholic saint, mystic (d. [[1897]])
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[Blanche Walsh]], American stage, screen actress (d. [[1915]])
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Adolph Zukor]], Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d. [[1976]])
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Iuliu Maniu]], Romanian politician (d. [[1953]])
* [[January 9]] 
** [[Thomas Curtis (athlete)|Thomas Curtis]], American athlete (d. [[1944]])
** [[Hayim Nahman Bialik]], Israel's national poet (d. [[1934]])
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[George Orton]], Canadian athlete (d. [[1958]])
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Spyridon Louis]], Greek runner (d. [[1940]])
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Johannes V. Jensen]], Danish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1950]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Rossel | first = Sven | title = Johannes V. Jensen | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston | year = 1984 | isbn = 9780805765656 | page=1}}</ref>
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Colette]], French writer (d. [[1954]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Cummins | first = Laurel | title = Colette and the conquest of self | publisher = Summa | location = Birmingham, Ala | year = 2005 | isbn = 9781883479466 
 |page=20}}</ref>
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi]], Italian mountaineer, explorer and admiral (d. [[1933]])
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Vassily Balabanov]], administrator, Provincial Governor of [[Imperial Russia]] (d. [[1947]])
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Melitta Bentz]], German entrepreneur who invented the coffee filter in [[1908]] (d. [[1950]])
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Maurice Tourneur]], French film director (d. [[1961]])
* [[February 3]]
** [[Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard|Hugh Trenchard]], British military aviation pioneer (d. [[1956]])
** [[Karl Jatho]], German aviation pioneer (d. [[1933]])
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Étienne Desmarteau]], Canadian athlete (d. [[1905]])
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Thomas Andrews (shipbuilder)|Thomas Andrews]], Irish shipbuilder (d. [[1912]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Andrews {{!}} Irish ship designer {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Andrews-Irish-ship-designer |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=15 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 13]] 
** [[Feodor Chaliapin]], Russian bass opera singer (d. [[1938]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Jaffé | first = Daniel | title = Historical dictionary of Russian music | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, Md | year = 2012 | isbn = 9780810879805 | page=83}}</ref>
** [[Red Wing (actress)|Red Wing]], Native American silent film actress (d. [[1974]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Hans von Euler-Chelpin]], German-born chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1964]])
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Louis Feuillade]], French film director (d. [[1925]])

* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Enrico Caruso]], Italian tenor (d. [[1921]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Caruso | first = Enrico | title = Enrico Caruso : my father and my family | publisher = Amadeus Press | location = Portland, Ore | year = 1997 | isbn = 9781574670226 | page=19}}</ref>
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[William McMaster Murdoch]], Officer of Titanic (d. [[1912]])
* [[March 3]] &ndash; [[William Green (labor leader)|William Green]], American labor leader (d. [[1952]])
* [[March 11]] &ndash; [[David Horsley]], English-born film executive (d. [[1933]])
* [[March 19]] &ndash;  [[Max Reger]], German composer (d. [[1916]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Steinberg | first = Michael | title = The concerto : a listener's guide | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford New York | year = 2000 | isbn = 9780195103304 | page=380}}</ref>
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Billy Quirk]], American actor (d. [[1926]])

===April&ndash;June===
* [[April 1]] ([[Gregorian calendar|N.S.]])/[[March 20]] ([[Julian calendar|O.S.]]) &ndash; [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]], Russian pianist and composer (d. [[1943]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Steinberg | first = Michael | title = The symphony : a listener's guide | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 1995 | isbn = 9780195126655 | page=443}}</ref>
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Gyula Peidl]], 23rd prime minister of Hungary (d. [[1943]])
* [[April 7]] &ndash;  [[John McGraw]], American baseball player, manager (d. [[1934]])
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[Kyösti Kallio]], [[Prime Minister of Finland|Prime Minister]] and [[President of Finland]] (d. [[1940]])
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[John W. Davis]], American politician, diplomat, and lawyer (d. [[1955]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Sydney Barnes]], English cricketer (d. [[1967]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Gombojab Tsybikov]], Russian explorer (d. [[1930]])
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Ellen Glasgow]], American writer (d. [[1945]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Parini | first = Jay | title = The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780195156539 |page=118}}</ref>
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Theodor Körner (Austrian president)|Theodor Körner]], [[President of Austria]] (d. [[1957]])
* [[April 25]] 
** [[Walter de la Mare]], English poet, short story writer and novelist (d. [[1956]])
** [[Félix d'Herelle]], French-Canadian microbiologist (d. [[1949]])
* [[May 4]] &ndash; [[Joe De Grasse]], Canadian film director (d. [[1940]])
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Leon Czolgosz]], assassin of U.S. President [[William McKinley]] (d. [[1901]])
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Anton Cermak]], Mayor of Chicago (d. [[1933]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Cary D. Landis]], American attorney and politician (d. [[1938]])
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Oskari Tokoi]], Finnish socialist and the Chairman of the Senate of Finland (d. [[1963]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/241|title=Etusivu|website=kansallisbiografia.fi}}</ref>
* [[May 17]]
** [[Henri Barbusse]], French novelist, journalist (d. [[1935]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Wharton | first = Edith | title = Yrs. ever affly : the correspondence of Edith Wharton and Louis Bromfield | publisher = Michigan State University Press | location = East Lansing | year = 2000 | isbn = 9780870135163 |page=111}}</ref>
** [[Dorothy Richardson]], English feminist writer (d. [[1957]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Hans Berger]], German neurologist (d. [[1941]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[D. D. Sheehan]], Irish politician (d. [[1948]])
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Anna Eliza Williams]], British supercentenarian and oldest person in the world (d. [[1987]])
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Otto Loewi]], German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1961]])
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Leonora Cohen]], British suffragette and trade unionist (d. [[1978]])
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Alexis Carrel]], French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1944]])
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Monroe Dunaway Anderson]], Founder of Anderson, Clayton and Company; "Father of Texas Medical Center" (d. [[1939]])

===July&ndash;September===
[[File:HIH Yamashina Kikumaro on Yagumo.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Prince Yamashina Kikumaro]]]]
[[File:Schwarzschild.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Karl Schwarzschild]]]]
[[File:Ramoncastillo.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ramón Castillo]]]]
* [[July 1]]
** [[Alice Guy-Blaché]], French-American filmmaker (d. [[1968]])
** [[Andrass Samuelsen]], 1st prime minister of Faroe Islands (d. [[1954]])
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Prince Yamashina Kikumaro]], Japanese prince (d. [[1908]])
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Dimitrios Maximos]], Prime Minister of Greece (d. [[1955]])
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Carl Vaugoin]], 7th Chancellor of Austria (d. [[1949]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Oscar von Sydow]], 18th prime minister of Sweden (d. [[1936]])
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Many Benner]], French painter (d. [[1965]])
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]], Brazilian aviation pioneer (d. [[1932]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Dámaso Berenguer]], Spanish general and politician (d. [[1953]])
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Joseph Russell Knowland]], American politician, newspaperman (d. [[1966]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[William Ernest Hocking]], American philosopher (d. [[1966]])
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven]], South African author (d. [[1932]])
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[John A. Sampson]], American gynecologist (d. [[1946]])
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Otto Harbach]], American lyricist (d. [[1963]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Bloom | first = Ken | title = Routledge Guide to Broadway | publisher = Taylor and Francis | location = Hoboken | year = 2013 | isbn = 9781135871178 | page=104}}</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[William Henry Bell]], 1st director of the [[South African College of Music]] (d. [[1946]])
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Harry T. Morey]], American actor (d. [[1936]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Lee de Forest]], American inventor (d. [[1961]])
* [[September 1]]
**Sir [[Guy Standing (actor)|Guy Standing]], British actor (d. [[1937]])
** [[João Ferreira Sardo]], Portuguese presbyter and founder of [[Gafanha da Nazaré]]  (d. [[1925]])
** [[Felicija Bortkevičienė]], Lithuanian politician and publisher  (d. [[1945]])
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Vanderbilt III]], American military officer, inventor, engineer (d. [[1942]])
* [[September 8]]
**[[Alfred Jarry]], French author and playwright (d. [[1907]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Ben Fisher|title=The Pataphysician's Library: An Exploration of Alfred Jarry's 'Livres Pairs'|publisher=Liverpool University Press|year=2000|isbn=9781781388013|page=4}}</ref>
**[[David O. McKay]], 9th president of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1970]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Ibrahim of Johor]], Malaysian sultan (d. [[1959]])
* [[September 20]]
** [[Sidney Olcott]], Canadian-born pioneer film director  (d. [[1949]])
** [[Ferenc Szisz]], Hungarian-born racing driver (d. [[1944]])
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Papa Jack Laine]], American jazz musician (d. [[1966]])

===October&ndash;December===
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Ma Barker]], American criminal (d. [[1935]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Karl Schwarzschild]], German physicist, astronomer (d. [[1916]])
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Georgios Kafantaris]], Prime Minister of Greece (d. [[1946]])
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Ray Ewry]], American athlete (d. [[1937]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Ivanoe Bonomi]], 2-time prime minister of Italy (d. [[1951]])
* [[October 19]]
** [[Jaap Eden]], Dutch skater, cyclist (d. [[1925]])
** [[Bart King]], American cricketer (d. [[1965]])
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Jussi Merinen]], Finnish politician (d. [[1918]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Person: Merinen, Juho Rikard |url=https://sotasurmat.narc.fi/en/victims/page/p_15762/table |website=[[War Victims of Finland 1914–1922]] |publisher=[[National Archives of Finland]] |access-date=23 July 2023 |location=Helsinki, Finland}}</ref>
* [[October 26]]
** [[Thorvald Stauning]], 9th [[Prime Minister of Denmark]] (d. [[1942]])
** [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]], Bengali statesman (d. [[1962]])
* [[October 30]]
**[[Dave Gallaher]], New Zealand rugby union football player (d. [[1917]])
**[[Francisco I. Madero]], 33rd president of Mexico (d. [[1913]])
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Fritz Thyssen]], German industrialist (d. [[1951]])
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[W. C. Handy]], American blues composer (d. [[1958]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Hardy | first = Phil | title = The Da Capo companion to 20th-century popular music | publisher = Da Capo Press | location = New York | year = 1995 | isbn = 9780306806407 | page=402}}</ref>
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Ramón Castillo]], Argentinian politician, 25th [[President of Argentina]] (d. [[1944]])
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Johnny Tyldesley]], English cricketer (d. [[1930]])
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Frank Phillips (oil industrialist)|Frank Phillips]], American oil executive (d. [[1950]])
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Willa Cather]], American novelist (d. [[1947]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Parini | first = Jay | title = The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780195156539 | page=240}}</ref>
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Josip Plemelj]], Slovenian mathematician (d. [[1967]])
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Ford Madox Ford]], English writer (d. [[1939]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Henderson | first = Lesley | title = Twentieth-Century romance and historical writers | publisher = St. James Press | location = Chicago | year = 1990 | isbn = 9780912289977 | page=243}}</ref>
* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[Kan'ichi Asakawa]], Japanese historian (d. [[1948]])
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Thomas Wass]], Nottinghamshire cricketer (d. [[1953]])
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Al Smith]],  American politician, Democratic presidential candidate (d. [[1944]])

===Date unknown===
* [[Nesaruddin Ahmad]], Bengali Islamic scholar (d. 1952)<ref name=siraj>{{cite book|author=[[Siraj Uddin Ahmed|Ahmed, Siraj Uddin]]|title=বরিশাল বিভাগের ইতিহাস|chapter=নেছারউদ্দীন আহমদ (রহ.), শাহ সূফী, (শর্শিনার পির সাহেব)|trans-title=History of Barisal Division|volume=2|publisher=Bhaskar Prakashani|location=[[Dhaka]]|year=2010|language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Filip Mișea]], Aromanian activist, physician and politician (d. 1944)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://opiniabuzau.ro/celebritati-medicale-buzoiene/|title=Celebrități medicale buzoiene / Doctor Mișea Filip, creatorul secției de contagioase a Spitalului Gârlași|first=Anghel C.|last=Tudor|newspaper=Opinia Buzău|date=10 April 2019|language=ro}}</ref>

== Deaths ==

===January&ndash;June===
[[File:Alexandre Cabanel 002.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Napoleon III]]]]
[[File:Justus von Liebig NIH.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Justus von Liebig]]]]
[[File:David Livingstone by Thomas Annan.jpg|thumb|110px|[[David Livingstone]]]]
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Napoleon III]], last [[List of French monarchs|Emperor of the French]] (b. [[1808]])
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton]], English novelist (b. [[1803]])
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Basil Moreau]], French founder of the [[Congregation of Holy Cross]] (b. [[1799]])
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Ramalinga Swamigal]], Hindu religious leader (b. [[1823]])
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Amélie of Leuchtenberg|Empress Amélie]], consort of [[Pedro I of Brazil]] (b. [[1812]])
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Isaac Baker Brown]], English gynaecologist, surgeon (b. [[1811]])
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Sheridan Le Fanu]], Irish writer (b. [[1814]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Melada | first = Ivan | title = Sheridan Le Fanu | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston | year = 1987 | isbn = 9780805769371 | page=12}}</ref>
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Vasil Levski]], Bulgarian revolutionary (executed) (b. [[1837]])
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Jakob von Hartmann]], Bavarian general (b. [[1795]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[John Torrey]], American botanist (b. [[1796]])
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Mary Ann Cotton]], English [[serial killer]] (executed) (b. [[1832]])
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Wilhelm Marstrand]], Danish painter (b. [[1810]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The American Cyclopædia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge|publisher=D. Appleton|year=1881|page=203}}</ref>
* [[March 29]] &ndash; Prince [[Unakan Ananta Norajaya]] Prince of Siam (b. [[1856]])
* [[March 31]] 
** [[Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter]], Swedish [[Sámi people|Sámi]] educator (b. [[1835]])
** [[Hugh Maxwell]], American lawyer, politician (b. [[1787]])
* [[April 11]] 
** [[Edward Canby]], American general (b. [[1817]])
** [[Christopher Hansteen]], Norwegian geophysicist (b. [[1784]])
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Justus von Liebig]], German chemist (b. [[1803]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[William Charles Macready]], English actor (b. [[1793]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Hortense Globensky-Prévost]], Canadian heroine (b. [[1804]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[David Livingstone]], Scottish explorer of Africa (b. [[1813]])
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Jerónimo Carrión]], 8th president of Ecuador (b. [[1804]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[José Antonio Páez]], first [[president of Venezuela]] (b. [[1790]])
* [[May 7]]
** [[Salmon P. Chase]], [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (b. [[1808]])
** [[John Stuart Mill]], British philosopher (b. [[1806]])<ref>{{cite book |author=Bruce Mazlish |title=James and John Stuart Mill: Father and Son in the Nineteenth Century |publisher=Transaction Books |year=1988 |page=111}}</ref>
*[[May 13]] &ndash; [[Charles Lucy]], English painter (b. [[1814]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite ODNB |last=Robertson |first=David |date=September 23, 2004 |title=Lucy, Charles |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-17147 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/17147}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]], first ruler of Romania (b. [[1820]])
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[George-Étienne Cartier]], Canadian statesman (b. [[1814]])
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[Alessandro Manzoni]], Italian poet and novelist (b. [[1785]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Manzoni | first = Alessandro | title = Alessandro Manzoni's The Count of Carmagnola and Adelchis | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | location = Baltimore | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780801878817 | page=5}}</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Édouard de Verneuil]], French palaeontologist (b. [[1805]])
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Karamat Ali Jaunpuri]], Indian Muslim scholar (b. [[1800]])<ref name="bp">{{cite Banglapedia|article=Jaunpuri, Karamat Ali|writer=Hoque, Muhammad Inamul}}</ref>
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Joseph Howe]], Canadian politician (b. [[1804]])

===July&ndash;December===
[[File:Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg]]]]
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Charles II, Duke of Brunswick]] (b. [[1804]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg]], Finnish priest and father of [[Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg|K. J. Ståhlberg]], the first [[President of Finland]] (b. [[1832]])<ref>[http://www.kirjastovirma.fi/henkilogalleria/St%C3%A5hlberg_Johan_Gabriel Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg – KirjastoVirma] (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares]], morganatic husband of [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies]] (b. [[1808]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Alexander Berry]], Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (b. [[1781]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Frey-Herosé]], Swiss Federal Councilor (b. [[1801]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Jean Chacornac]], French astronomer (b. [[1823]])
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Émile Gaboriau]], French writer (b. [[1833]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Magill | first = Frank | title = Cyclopedia of world authors | publisher = Salem Press | location = Pasadena, Calif | year = 1997 | isbn = 9780893564360 | page=738}}</ref>
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[William Todd (1803–1873)|William Todd]], American businessman, Canadian Senate nominee (b. [[1803]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[George Ormerod]], English historian, antiquarian (b. [[1785]])
* [[October 17]] &ndash; Sir [[Robert McClure]], British Arctic explorer (b. [[1807]])
* [[December 14]]
** [[Louis Agassiz]], Swiss-born geologist, naturalist (b. [[1807]])
** [[Alexander Keith (Canadian politician)|Alexander Keith]], Scottish-born brewer, mayor of Halifax, Nova Scotia (b. [[1795]])

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* [https://archive.org/details/appletonsannual32unkngoog   ''1873 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1874)] highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1873; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 831pp

{{DEFAULTSORT:1873}}
[[Category:1873| ]]