Editing 1867

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{{Year dab|1867}}
{{Year nav|1867}}
{{C19 year in topic}}{{Year article header|1867}}
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There were only 354 days this year in the newly purchased [[territory of Alaska]]. When the territory transferred from the [[Russian Empire]] to the [[United States]], the calendric transition from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar was made with only 11 days instead of 12 during the [[19th century]]. This change was made due to the territorial and [[Geopolitics|geopolitical]] shift from the Asian to the American side of the [[International Date Line]]. Friday, 6 October 1867 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Friday again on 18 October 1867 (instead of Saturday, 19 October 1867 in the Gregorian Calendar).

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
[[File:CovingtonKY JARoeblingBridge.jpg|thumb|[[January 1]]: [[John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge|Roebling]]'s is the longest [[suspension bridge]].]]
[[File:SuezCanalKantara.jpg|thumb|[[February 17]]: [[Suez Canal]] in use.]]
[[File:Alaska Purchase (hi-res).jpg|thumb|[[March 30]]: Alaska bought by check.]]

* [[January 1]] – The [[John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge|Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge]] opens between [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], and [[Covington, Kentucky]], in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed after its designer, [[John A. Roebling]], in [[1983]].
* [[January 8]] – [[African-American]] men are granted the right to vote in the [[District of Columbia]].
* [[January 11]] – [[Benito Juárez]] becomes Mexican president again.
* [[January 15]] – [[Regent's Park skating disaster]] in London: 40 people die when ice on a lake breaks.
* [[January 30]] – [[Emperor Kōmei]] of Japan dies suddenly, age 36, leaving his son Mutsuhito to succeed him.
* [[January 31]] – [[Maronite]] nationalist leader [[Youssef Bey Karam]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ehdenfamilytree.org/getperson.php?personID=I1&tree=ehden |title=Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website |access-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-date=March 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329220258/https://www.ehdenfamilytree.org/getperson.php?personID=I1&tree=ehden |url-status=dead }}</ref> leaves [[Lebanon]] aboard a French ship for [[Algeria]].
* [[February 3]] – The late [[Emperor Kōmei]]'s 14-year-old son, Prince Mutsuhito, becomes [[Emperor Meiji]] of Japan in a brief ceremony in [[Kyoto]], ending the [[Late Tokugawa shogunate]].
* [[February 7]] – [[West Virginia University]] is established in [[Morgantown, West Virginia|Morgantown]].
* [[February 13]] – The [[Covering of the Senne]] in [[Brussels]] begins.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Demey|first=Thierry|title=Bruxelles, chronique d'une capitale en chantier|volume=1|location=Brussels|publisher=Paul Legrain/C.F.C.-Editions|year=1990}}</ref>
* [[February 14]] – [[Augusta Institute]] is founded in [[Augusta, Georgia]], later known as [[Morehouse College]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.morehouse.edu/about/legacy.html|title=Morehouse College – Morehouse Legacy|first=Morehouse|last=College|website=www.morehouse.edu|access-date=September 26, 2018|archive-date=September 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927035418/http://www.morehouse.edu/about/legacy.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[February 15]] – [[Johann Strauss II]]'s [[waltz]] ''[[The Blue Danube]]'' (''An der schönen blauen Donau'') is first performed, at a concert of the [[Wiener Männergesang-Verein|Vienna Men's Choral Association]]. Later this year, Strauss will adapt it into its popular purely orchestral version for the [[Exposition Universelle (1867)|Exposition Universelle]] in Paris.
* [[February 19]] – [[Battle of Inlon River]]: The [[Qing dynasty]] defeats the Nien rebels in [[Hubei]], China.
* [[February 22]] – The ''[[Indiana Daily Student]]'' is established at Indiana University in Bloomington.
* [[February 28]] – The [[United States Congress]] forbids taxpayer funding of diplomatic envoys to the [[Holy See]] (Vatican), begun in [[1848]], and breaks off [[Holy See–United States relations|relations]]. Funding resumes, along with relations, in [[1984]].
* [[March]] – The [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]] is established (opened one year later).
* [[March 1]] – [[Nebraska]] is admitted as the 37th [[U.S. state]].
* [[March 5]] – The [[Fenian Rising]] breaks out in Ireland.<ref>{{Cite book|editor1=Moody, T. W. |editor2=Martin, F. X. |year=1967|title=The Course of Irish History|publisher=Mercier Press|location=Cork|page=370}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] – An article by [[Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister|Joseph Lister]] outlining his use of [[antiseptic]] [[surgery]] is first published in ''[[The Lancet]]''.
* [[March 23]] – [[William III of the Netherlands]] accepts an offer of 5,000,000 [[Dutch guilder|guilder]]s from [[Napoleon III]] for the sale of [[Luxembourg]], leading to the [[Luxembourg Crisis]].
* [[March 29]] – The [[Constitution of Canada|British North America Act]] receives royal assent, forming the Dominion of Canada, in an event known as the [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]]. This unites the [[Province of Canada]] ([[Quebec]] and [[Ontario]]), [[New Brunswick]], and [[Nova Scotia]] on [[July 1]]. [[Ottawa]] will become the capital.
* [[March 30]] – [[Alaska Purchase]]: Alaska is purchased for US$7.2&nbsp;million from [[Alexander II of Russia]], about 2 cents/acre ($4.19/km<sup>2</sup>), by [[United States Secretary of State]] [[William H. Seward]]. Newspapers call this ''Seward's Folly''.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 1]] – The Strait Settlement of [[Singapore]], formerly ruled from [[Calcutta]], becomes a [[Crown colony]], under the jurisdiction of the [[Colonial Office]] in London.
* [[April 1]]–[[November 3]] – [[Exposition Universelle (1867)|Exposition Universelle]], an international exhibition in Paris. Among the visitors is [[Abdülaziz]], making the first visit of a [[Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] to Western Europe.
* [[April 28]] – I.C. Sorosis, the first women's fraternity (sorority) founded upon the men's fraternity model, with ''Pi Beta Phi'' as its motto, is founded at [[Monmouth College]] in Monmouth, Illinois. In [[1888]], the motto becomes the [[Pi Beta Phi|name of the organization]].
* [[May 1]] – The first political [[May Day]] march takes place in Chicago.<ref>Haverty-Stacke, D. T. (2009). ''America’s forgotten holiday: May Day and nationalism, 1867–1960''. New York: New York University Press.</ref>
* [[May 7]] – [[Alfred Nobel]] [[patent]]s [[dynamite]] in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416842/Alfred-Bernhard-Nobel|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Alfred Nobel|date=May 23, 2023 }}</ref>
* [[May 11]]
** [[Treaty of London (1867)|Treaty of London]]: The [[great power]]s of Europe reaffirm the [[Neutral country|neutrality]] of [[Luxembourg]], ending the [[Luxembourg Crisis]]. The [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Duchy of Limburg]] is formally re-incorporated into the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
** ''[[Cox and Box]]'', by [[Francis Burnand]] and [[Arthur Sullivan]], is first publicly performed, at the [[Adelphi Theatre]], London.
* [[May 24]] – [[Robert William Keate]] becomes [[Colony of Natal#Lieutenant-governors|Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal]].
* [[May 29]]
** The [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867|Austro-Hungarian Compromise]] (called ''Ausgleich'' in German or ''kiegyezés'' in Hungarian (''The Compromise'')) is born through Act 12, which establishes the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]]; on [[June 8]] Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Francis Joseph of Austria]] is crowned [[King of Hungary]].
** [[Canadian Confederation]]: [[Queen Victoria]] signs the [[Constitution Act, 1867|British North America Act]], creating the Dominion of Canada, effective [[July 1]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution Act, 1867|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-1.html|publisher=[[Department of Justice (Canada)]]|date=2012-07-09|access-date=2012-08-14}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] – The [[Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode]] gold mine is named in [[Montana]].
[[File:Edouard Manet 022.jpg|thumb|[[Édouard Manet]]'s ''[[Execution of Emperor Maximilian]]'' (1868–1869), is one of five versions of his representation of the execution of the Austrian-born Emperor of Mexico, which took place on June 19, 1867. Manet borrowed heavily, thematically and technically, from Goya's ''[[The Third of May 1808]]''.]]
* [[June 19]] – A [[firing squad]] executes Emperor [[Maximilian of Mexico]] and two of his lieutenants.<ref name=thought />
* [[June 20]] – The first recorded association football match [[Football in Argentina|in Argentina]] takes place in [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Some Information on the Early History of Football in Argentina|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/arg-early-info.html|access-date=2022-11-28|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref>

=== July–September ===
* [[July]] – The Reverend [[Thomas Baker (missionary)|Thomas Baker]], a [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyan Methodist]] [[missionary]] (born in [[Playden]], [[East Sussex]], England) is cooked and eaten by Navatusila tribespeople at Nabutautau, [[Fiji]], together with eight of his local followers, the last missionary in that country to suffer [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]].
* [[July 1]]
** [[Canadian Confederation]]: The ''[[Constitution Act, 1867|British North America Act]]'' of [[29 March]] comes into force, creating the Dominion of [[Canada]], the first independent dominion in the [[British Empire]].
** The Constitution of the [[North German Confederation]] comes into effect, creating a confederation of states, under the leadership of [[Prussia]] and [[Otto von Bismarck]].
* [[July 9]] – [[Queen's Park F.C.]], the oldest [[association football]] league team in Scotland, is founded.
* [[July 15]] – France declares [[Cambodia]]'s independence from [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]]; Cambodia becomes a [[protectorate]] of France and Britain.
* [[July 17]] – In [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], the [[Harvard School of Dental Medicine]] is established as the first dental school in the United States.
* [[July 18]] – [[The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune]]: The [[Serer people]] defeat the Muslim [[Marabout]]s of [[Senegambia]].
* [[August 7]]–[[September 20]] – The [[1867 Canadian federal election|first Canadian election]] sees [[John A. Macdonald]]'s [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservatives]] elected to [[1st Canadian Parliament|government]] and Macdonald becomes the Dominion's first [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]].
* [[August 15]] – [[Benjamin Disraeli]]'s [[Reform Act 1867|Second Reform Act]] enfranchises many men in cities for the first time, and adds 938,000 to an electorate of 1,057,000 in [[England and Wales]].<ref name=CBH>{{Cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=287–288|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[September 2]] – [[Emperor Meiji]] of Japan marries [[Empress Shōken]] (née Masako Ichijō). The [[Empress consort]] is thereafter known as ''Lady Haruko''.
* [[September 4]] – The [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]] is founded, at the [[Adelphi Hotel (Sheffield)|Adelphi Hotel]] in [[Sheffield]].
* [[September 14]] – The first volume of ''[[Das Kapital]]'' (later translated into English as ''Capital'') is published by [[Karl Marx]].
* [[September 30]] – The United States takes control of [[Midway Atoll|Midway Island]].

=== October–December ===
[[File:Europe 1867 map en.png|thumb|Europe in 1867, after the forming of the [[North German Confederation]], the [[Italian unification]] (with the exception of the Roman part of the Papal States) and the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise]].]]
* [[October 12]] – End of [[penal transportation]] from Britain as the last [[convict ship]], the ''[[Hougoumont (ship)|Hougoumont]]'', departs from [[Portsmouth]] on an 89-day passage to [[Western Australia]].<ref name=CBH /> 62 [[Fenian]]s are among the transportees.
* [[October 18]] – Alaska is transferred from Russia to the United States, becoming the [[Department of Alaska]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-takes-possesion-of-alaska|title=US takes possession of Alaska|publisher=This Day in History|language=en|date=24 November 2009|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref>
* [[October 21]] – '[[Manifest destiny]]': [[Medicine Lodge Treaty]] – Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas, a landmark treaty is signed by southern [[Great Plains]] Indian leaders, requiring [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western [[Oklahoma]].
* [[October 27]] – [[Italian unification]]: [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]'s troops march into the [[Papal States]].
* [[November 2]] – The first issue of the women's fashion magazine ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'' is published. It is issued weekly, but later monthly.
* [[November 9]] – The last ''[[shōgun]]'' of Japan, [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], tenders his resignation to [[Emperor Meiji]].
* [[November 21]] – American temperance crusader [[Carrie Nation]] marries Charles Gloyd.
* [[November 23]] – The three '[[Manchester Martyrs]]' are hanged in England for the murder of a policeman whilst attempting to rescue two [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]] members from imprisonment on 18 September.
* [[December 2]] – In a [[New York City]] theater, English author [[Charles Dickens]] gives his first public reading in the United States.
* [[December 4]] – Beginning of [[British expedition to Abyssinia]].
* [[December 13]] – The [[Clerkenwell explosion]], the most infamous action carried out by the Fenians in Britain in the 19th century.
* [[December 18]] – [[Angola Horror]] (Buffalo, New York-area train wreck): The fiery death of 49 people leads [[John D. Rockefeller]] to develop and sell his Mineral Seal {{convert|300|F}} Fire-Tested Burning Oil, and [[George Westinghouse]] to invent the [[railway air brake]], which is mandated in the United States in [[1893]].<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Charity|last=Vogel|date=2007-11-30|title=The Angola Train Wreck|journal=American History}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Pierre Michaux]] invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle.
* South African [[diamond]] fields are discovered.
* The [[Prohibition National Committee]] is formed in the United States.
* [[Clarke School for the Deaf]] in [[Western Massachusetts]] opens its doors for the first time, becoming the first school for the deaf in the United States to teach its children how to communicate using the ''oral method''.
* At [[Fountain Point]], [[Michigan]], an [[artesian water]] spring, begins to gush continuously.
* The modern rose is born, with the introduction of [[Rosa 'La France']] by [[Jean-Baptiste André Guillot]].<ref>{{Cite book|first=D. G.|last=Hessayon|author-link=D. G. Hessayon|title=The Rose Expert|publisher=Mohn Media Mohndrunk|page=9}}</ref>
* [[Gorse]] is naturalised in [[New Zealand]], where it soon becomes the worst invasive weed.
* The [[Swedish famine of 1867–1869]] begins.
* [[Yellow fever]] kills 3,093 in [[New Orleans]].
* The [[Wasps FC|Wasps Rugby Football Club]] is formed in [[Middlesex]], England.
* [[Margarine Unie]], at the time named Antoon Jurgens United, a predecessor of the [[Unilever]], worldwide [[toiletries]], [[beauty care]] and [[beverage]] brand, is founded in [[Netherlands]].<ref>
{{cite book | last= Schiff | first= Eric | title= Industrialization Without National Patents: The Netherlands, 1869-1912; Switzerland, 1850-1907 (Princeton Legacy Library) | date= 2016 | publisher= Princeton University Press | isbn= 978-0691647449| page= 57}}</ref>
* [[Delhaize Group|Delhaize]], as predecessor for [[Ahold Delhaize]], a major retail group in [[Europe]], is founded in [[Belgium]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dst05072003_094 | title=De onversaagde kruideniers van Delhaize | work=[[De Standaard]] | date=5 July 2007| author=Dendooven, Pascal | language=nl}}</ref>
* The game [[Parcheesi]] is introduced.
* The three western provinces of [[Six Provinces of Southern Vietnam|Lower Cochinchina]] (Vĩnh Long, An Giang, and Hà Tiên) were annexed into the colony of [[French Cochinchina]].

=== Ongoing ===
* [[Paraguayan War]].
* 1867–1873 – Chinese, Scandinavian and Irish immigrants lay {{convert|30000|mi|km}} of railroad tracks in the United States.

== Births ==

=== January–February ===
[[File:CarlLaemmle.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Carl Laemmle]]]]
* [[January 5]] – [[Dimitrios Gounaris]], 94th Prime Minister of Greece (d. [[1922]])
* [[January 6]] – [[Takejirō Tokonami]], Japanese politician, Home Minister, Railway Minister and Minister of Communication (d. [[1935]])
* [[January 8]]
** [[Emily Greene Balch]], American writer, pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1961]])
** [[Thomas Coward]], English ornithologist (d. [[1933]])
* [[January 17]] 
** [[Jacob Christiaan Koningsberger]], Dutch biologist and politician (d. [[1951]])<ref>{{cite web
 |publisher=[[Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands]]
 |url=https://resources-huygens-knaw-nl.translate.goog/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn5/koningsberger?_x_tr_sl=nl&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=wapp
 |date=
 |access-date = 7 May 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720101450/https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn5/koningsberger
 |archive-date=20 July 2019
|last=Doel
 |first=HW van den 
 |title=Koningsberger, Jacob Christiaan (1867-1951)
 |language=Dutch
}}</ref>
** [[Carl Laemmle]], German-born film executive (d. [[1939]])
* [[January 18]] – [[Rubén Darío]], Nicaraguan poet (d. [[1916]])
* [[January 20]] – [[Yvette Guilbert]], French singer, actress (d. [[1944]])
* [[January 21]]
** [[James Marcus (American actor)|James Marcus]], American actor (d. [[1937]])
** [[Maxime Weygand]], French general (d. [[1965]])
* [[January 29]] – [[Carl L. Boeckmann]], Norwegian-American artist (d. [[1923]])
* [[February 4]] – [[Alexander Godley]], British general (d. [[1957]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Laura Ingalls Wilder|Laura Elizabeth Wilder, née Ingalls]], American children's author (d. [[1957]])
* [[February 8]] – [[William Michael Crose]], [[United States Navy]] [[Commander (United States)|Commander]] and the seventh [[List of governors of American Samoa|Naval Governor of American Samoa]] (d. [[1929]])
* [[February 10]] – [[Charles W. Bryan]], American politician (d. [[1945]])
* [[February 21]] – [[Otto Hermann Kahn]], German-born American millionaire, philanthropist (d. [[1934]])
* [[February 27]] – [[Irving Fisher]], American economist (d. [[1947]])

=== March–April ===
[[File:Cy Young by Conlon, 1911-crop.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Cy Young]]]]
[[File:ChrisWatsonSepia crop.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Chris Watson]]]]
* [[March 4]] – [[Charles Pelot Summerall]], American general (d. [[1955]])
* [[March 6]] – [[Samuel Franklin Cody]], American aviation pioneer (d. [[1913]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Louis R. de Steiguer]], American admiral (d. [[1947]])<ref>[http://www.progenealogist.com/athens/amestownship.htm Ames Township] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009023053/http://www.progenealogist.com/athens/amestownship.htm |date=2007-10-09 }}</ref>
* [[March 19]] – [[Sakichi Toyoda]], Japanese inventor, industrialist (d. [[1930]])
* [[March 21]] – [[Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.]], American theatrical producer (d. [[1932]])
* [[March 25]]
** [[Arturo Toscanini]], Italian conductor (d. [[1957]])
** [[Gutzon Borglum]], American artist and sculptor (Mount Rushmore) (d. [[1941]])
* [[March 26]] – [[Arnold Theiler]], founder of the [[Onderstepoort]] Veterinary Research Institute in South Africa (d. [[1936]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Cy Young]], American baseball player (d. [[1955]])
* [[April 2]] – [[Eugen Sandow]], German-born body builder, circus performer (d. [[1925]])
* [[April 7]] – [[Holger Pedersen (linguist)|Holger Pedersen]], Danish linguist (d. [[1953]])
* [[April 9]] – [[Chris Watson]], 3rd [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1941]])
* [[April 10]] – [[George William Russell]], Irish nationalist, poet and artist (d. [[1935]])
* [[April 13]] – [[Sammy Woods]], English cricketer (d. [[1931]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Wilbur Wright]], American aviation pioneer, co-inventor of the airplane with brother Orville (d. [[1912]])
* [[April 23]] – [[Johannes Fibiger]], Danish scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1928]])

=== May–June ===
[[File:Queenmaryformalportrait edit3.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]]]]
[[File:Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.png|thumb|100px|[[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]]]]
[[File:Frank Lloyd Wright LC-USZ62-36384.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Frank Lloyd Wright]]]]
* [[May 3]] – [[J. T. Hearne]], English cricketer (d. [[1944]])
* [[May 7]] – [[Władysław Reymont]], Polish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1925]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Kurt Eisner]], German politician, publicist (d. [[1919]])
* [[May 26]] – [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]], wife of [[George V]] of Great Britain (d. [[1953]])
* [[June 2]] – [[William Goodenough]], British admiral (d. [[1945]])
* [[June 4]] – [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]], Finnish military leader and 6th [[President of Finland]] (d. [[1951]])
* [[June 8]] – [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], American architect (d. [[1959]])
* [[June 9]] – [[Clarence Geldart]], Canadian-American actor (d. [[1935]])
* [[June 17]] – [[Flora Finch]], British-American silent film comedian (d. [[1940]])
* [[June 20]] – [[Leon Wachholz]], Polish scientist and medical examiner (d. [[1942]])
* [[June 24]] – [[J. Gordon Edwards (director)|J. Gordon Edwards]], American film director (d. [[1925]])
* [[June 28]] – [[Luigi Pirandello]], Italian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1936]])
* [[June 30]] – [[Edward L. Beach, Sr.]], American naval officer, author (d. [[1943]])

=== July–August ===
* [[July 8]] – [[Käthe Kollwitz]], German artist (d. [[1945]])
* [[July 10]] – [[Prince Maximilian of Baden]], [[Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)|Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1929]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Margaret Brown|Margaret "Molly" Brown]], American socialite, philanthropist, and [[Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] survivor (d. [[1932]])
* [[July 24]] – [[E. F. Benson]], English writer (d. [[1940]])
* [[July 27]] – [[Enrique Granados]], Spanish composer (d. [[1916]])
* [[July 28]] – [[Charles Dillon Perrine]], American-born astronomer (d. [[1951]])
* [[July 29]] – [[Berthold Oppenheim]], Moravian rabbi (d. [[1942]])
* [[August 3]] – [[Stanley Baldwin]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1947]])
* [[August 9]] – [[Evelina Haverfield]], British suffragette (d. [[1920]])
* [[August 11]] – [[Hobart Bosworth]], American film actor, director, writer and producer (d. [[1943]])
* [[August 12]] – [[Edith Hamilton]], German-born American educator, author (d. [[1963]])
* [[August 14]] – [[John Galsworthy]], English writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1933]])
* [[August 22]] – [[Maximilian Bircher-Benner]], Swiss physician, nutritionist (d. [[1939]])
* [[August 28]] – [[Umberto Giordano]], Italian opera composer (d. [[1948]])

=== September–October ===
* [[September 5]] – [[Amy Beach]], American pianist, composer (d. [[1944]])
* [[September 7]] – [[Albert Bassermann]], German actor (d. [[1952]])
* [[September 12]] – [[Alfredo Acton]], Italian admiral and politician (d. [[1934]])<ref>{{cite web|title=ACTON, Alfredo in "Dizionario Biografico"|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alfredo-acton_(Dizionario-Biografico)|website=www.treccani.it|accessdate=1 February 2017}}</ref>
* [[September 16]] – [[Vintilă Brătianu]], 31st Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1930]])
* [[September 17]] – [[W. H. Ellis]], American attorney and politician (d. [[1948]])
* [[September 21]] – [[Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe]], English politician, 4th [[Governor-General of New Zealand]] (d. [[1958]])
* [[September 28]]
** [[James Edwin Campbell (poet)|James Edwin Campbell]], American educator, school administrator, newspaper editor, poet, and essayist (d. [[1896]])<ref name="Robinson 1968 59">{{cite book |last = Robinson |first = Wilhelmena S. |year = 1968 |title = Historical Negro Biographies |publisher = Publishers Company, Inc., under the auspices of the [[Association for the Study of African American Life and History|Association for the Study of Negro Life and History]] |location = New York |isbn = 9780877812036 |lccn = 68002920 |oclc = 1035607110 |url = https://archive.org/details/historicalnegrob00robi/ |via = [[Internet Archive]] |series = International Library of Negro Life and History | page = 59}}</ref>
** [[Hiranuma Kiichirō]], 24th Prime Minister of Japan (d. [[1952]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Walther Rathenau]], German statesman, [[Weimar Republic]] foreign minister (d. [[1922]])
* [[October 2]] – [[James Stevenson-Hamilton]], 1st warden of South Africa's [[Kruger National Park]] (d. [[1957]])
* [[October 12]] – [[Lyn Harding]], Welsh actor (d. [[1952]])
* [[October 14]] – [[Masaoka Shiki]], Japanese haiku poet (d. [[1902]])
* [[October 16]] – [[Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa]] (d. [[1963]])
* [[October 25]]
** [[Hiranuma Kiichirō]], 35th [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1952]])
** [[Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki]], Polish general (d. [[1937]])
* [[October 27]] – [[Viola Allen]], American actress (d. [[1948]])
* [[October 30]] – [[Ed Delahanty]], American Baseball Hall of Famer (d.  [[1903]])

=== November–December ===
[[File:Marie Curie c1920.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Marie Curie]]]]
[[File:Nakamura Yoshikoto.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Nakamura Yoshikoto|{{nowrap|Nakamura}} {{nowrap|Yoshikoto}}]]]]
* [[November 7]]
** [[Marie Curie]], Polish-born scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] and [[Nobel Prize in Physics|physics]] (d. [[1934]])
** [[George Paish]], English economist (d. [[1957]])
* [[November 8]] – [[Sadakichi Hartmann]], German/Japanese critic, poet (d. [[1944]])
* [[November 9]] – [[Shrimad Rajchandra]], prominent Indian [[Jainism|Jain]] philosopher, scholar, poet & spiritual mentor of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] (d. [[1901]])
* [[November 17]] – [[Henri Gouraud (general)|Henri Gouraud]], French general (d. [[1946]])
* [[November 30]] – [[János Vaszary]], Hungarian painter and graphic artist (d. [[1939]])
* [[December 1]] – [[Ignacy Mościcki]], [[President of Poland]] (d. [[1946]])
* [[December 2]] – [[Alec B. Francis]], English actor (d. [[1934]])
* [[December 5]] – [[Józef Piłsudski]], Polish statesman, field marshal (d. [[1935]])
* [[December 13]] – [[Kristian Birkeland]], Norwegian physicist (d. [[1917]])
* [[December 16]] – [[Amy Carmichael]], Irish Protestant missionary (d. [[1951]])
* [[December 18]] – [[Nakamura Yoshikoto]], Japanese entrepreneur and politician, [[Mayor of Tokyo]] (d. [[1927]])
* [[December 23]] – [[Madam C. J. Walker]], first African-American millionaire (d. [[1919]])
* [[December 23]] – [[Clotilde Apponyi]], Hungarian women's rights activist, diplomat (d. [[1942]])
* [[December 26]] – [[Yordan Milanov]], Bulgarian architect (d. [[1932]])

=== Date unknown ===
[[File:Elena Meissner.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Elena Meissner]]]]
* [[Lilian Bell]], American novelist and travel writer (d. [[1929]])
* [[Habib Pacha Es-Saad]], 3rd Prime Minister and 2nd President of Lebanon (d. [[1942]])
* [[Florence Fuller]], South African-born Australian artist (d. [[1946]])
* [[Zhang Haipeng]], Chinese and Manchukuoan general (d. [[1949]])
*[[Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri]], Indian Islamic scholar and author (d. [[1921]])<ref>{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Jaunpuri, Abdul Awal|author=Afaz Uddin, Muhammad}}</ref>
* [[Elena Meissner]], Romanian women's rights activist (d. [[1940]])

== Deaths ==

=== January–June ===
[[File:The Emperor Komei.jpg|100px|thumb|right|[[Emperor Kōmei]]]]
[[File:Emperor Maximiliano around 1865.jpg|100px|thumb|right|Emperor [[Maximilian I of Mexico]]]]
* [[January 14]] – [[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres]], French painter (b. [[1780]])
* [[January 30]] – [[Emperor Kōmei]], 121st Emperor of Japan (b. [[1831]])
* [[March 6]] – [[Charles Farrar Browne|Artemus Ward]], American humorist (b. [[1834]]) (tuberculosis)
* [[March 25]] – [[Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge]], German chemist (b. [[1794]])
* [[April 1]] – [[Louis du Couret]], French explorer, writer and military officer (b. [[1812]])
* [[April 12]] – [[David Canabarro]], Brazilian general, Gaúcho revolutionary (b. [[1796]])
* [[April 18]] – [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Robert Smirke]], British architect (b. [[1780]])
* [[April 27]] – [[Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover]], after whom [[Big Ben]] may be named (b. [[1802]])
* [[May 12]] – [[Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Gerhard]], German archaeologist (b. [[1795]])
* [[May 23]] – [[William Crawshay II]], Welsh industrialist (b. [[1788]])
* [[May 29]] – [[Margaretta Morris]], American entomologist (b. [[1797]])
* [[May 30]] –  [[Ramón Castilla]], Peruvian military leader and politician, three times President of Peru (b. [[1797]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Basadre |first=Jorge |year=2005 |orig-year=First published 1939 |title=Historia de la República del Perú (1822 - 1933) |volume=6 |pages=252–253 |edition=9th |language=es |trans-title=History of the Republic of Peru (1822 - 1933) |location=Lima |publisher=El Comercio |isbn=978-612-306-359-7}}</ref>
* [[June 19]] – Emperor [[Maximilian I of Mexico]] (executed) (b. [[1832]])<ref name=thought>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/emperor-maximilian-of-mexico-2136122|publisher=ThoughtCo.|title=Biography of Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico|access-date=May 30, 2019|last=Minster|first=Christopher|date=March 13, 2019}}</ref>

=== July–December ===
[[File:Prinz Otto von Bayern Koenig von Griechenland 1833.jpg|thumb|100px|King [[Otto of Greece]]]]
[[File:M Faraday Th Phillips oil 1842.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Michael Faraday]]]]
[[File:Salama III.jpg|thumb|100px|Metropolitan [[Abuna Salama III]]]]
[[File:Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow]]]]
* [[July]] – [[Thomas Baker (missionary)|Thomas Baker]], Methodist missionary to Fiji (b. [[1832]])
* [[July 1]] – [[Thomas Francis Meagher]], American Civil War general (b. [[1823]])
* [[July 26]] – King [[Otto of Greece]] (b. [[1815]])
* [[July 31]]
** [[Benoît Fourneyron]], French engineer, inventor of the turbine (b. [[1802]])
** [[Catharine Maria Sedgwick]], American "domestic fiction" novelist (b. [[1789]])
* [[August 3]] – [[August Böckh]], German scholar and antiquarian (b. [[1785]])
* [[August 6]] – [[David R. Porter]], American politician (b. [[1788]])
* [[August 8]] – [[Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)|Maria Theresa of Austria]], second Queen consort of [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies]] (b. [[1816]])
* [[August 21]] – [[Juan Álvarez]], interim president of Mexico in [[1855]] (b. [[1790]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/juan-alvarez/|publisher=Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico|title=Juan Álvarez|language=es|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528045037/http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/juan-alvarez/|archive-date=May 28, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[August 25]] – [[Michael Faraday]], English chemist and physicist (b. [[1791]])
* [[August 31]] – [[Charles Baudelaire]], French writer (b. [[1821]])
* [[September 10]] – [[Simon Sechter]], Austrian music teacher (b. [[1788]])
* [[September 26]] – [[James Ferguson (American astronomer)|James Ferguson]], Scotland-born American astronomer (b. [[1797]])
* October – [[Kerekorio Manu Rangi]], last king of Easter Island, tuberculosis (b. 1853/5)
* [[October 9]] – [[Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński]], Polish composer (b. [[1807]])
* [[October 11]] – [[Gunatitanand Swami]], Indian paramahamsa of the Hindu Swaminarayan Sampraday sect (b. [[1785]])
* [[October 23]] – [[Franz Bopp]], German linguist (b. [[1791]])
* [[October 25]] – [[Abuna Salama III]], metropolitan of the [[Ethiopian Church]]
* [[October 31]] – [[William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse]], Irish astronomer (b. [[1800]])
* [[November 19]]
** [[Fitz-Greene Halleck]], American poet (b. [[1790]])
** [[Ren Zhu]], Chinese leader of the [[Nian Rebellion]], killed in battle (b. 1830?)
* [[December 1]] – [[Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow]], Russian Orthodox leader (b. [[1782]])
* [[December 10]] – [[Sakamoto Ryōma]], Japanese samurai, politician and businessman (b. [[1836]])
* [[December 26]] – [[József Kossics]], Hungarian-Slovenian Catholic priest, writer and ethnologist (b. [[1788]])
* [[December 30]] – [[Sarah Booth]], English actress (b. [[1793]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1867}}
[[Category:1867| ]]