Editing 1850

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1850}}
{{Year nav|1850}}
[[File:The Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851|Royal Commission]] for the [[Great Exhibition]] is established in the U.K.]]
{{C19 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1850}}
{{TOC limit|2}}

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Henry Clay]] introduces the [[Compromise of 1850]] to the [[United States Congress]].
* [[January 31]] &ndash; The [[University of Rochester]] is founded in [[Rochester, New York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/2309|title=University of Rochester History: Chapter 3, The Year of Decisions: 1850|work=rbscp.lib.rochester.edu}}</ref>
* [[January]] – [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] [[Floods in California|floods]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sacramento; an illustrated history: 1839 to 1874, from Sutter's Fort to Capital City|url=https://archive.org/details/sacramentoillust00seve|website=Archive.org|year=1973}}</ref>
* [[February 28]] &ndash; The [[University of Utah]] opens in [[Salt Lake City]].
* [[March 5]] &ndash; The [[Britannia Bridge]] opens over the [[Menai Strait]] in Wales.
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] [[Daniel Webster]] gives his "Seventh of March" speech, in which he endorses the [[Compromise of 1850]], in order to prevent a possible [[civil war]].
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'s historical novel ''[[The Scarlet Letter]]'' is published in [[Boston]], Massachusetts.
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[American Express]] is founded by [[Henry Wells]] and [[William Fargo]].
* [[March 31]] &ndash; The [[paddle steamer]] {{RMS|Royal Adelaide|1838|6}}, bound from [[Cork (city)|Cork]] to London, is wrecked in the [[English Channel]] with the loss of all 250 on board.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Los Angeles]] is incorporated as a city in California.
* [[April 15]]
** [[San Francisco]] is incorporated as a city in California.
** [[Angers Bridge]] collapses in France killing around 226 of the soldiers crossing it at the time.
* [[April 19]] &ndash; The [[Clayton–Bulwer Treaty]] is signed by the United States and Great Britain, allowing both countries to share Nicaragua, and not claim complete control over the proposed [[Nicaragua Canal]].
* [[April]]
** [[Pope Pius IX]] returns from exile to Rome.
** [[Stephen Foster]]'s parlor ballad "[[Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway]]" is published in the United States.
* [[May 15]] &ndash; The [[Bloody Island Massacre]] takes place at Clear Lake in northern California.
* [[May 23]] &ndash; The {{USS|Advance|1847|6}} puts to sea from New York to search for [[Franklin's lost expedition]] in the Arctic.
* [[May 25]] &ndash; The [[hippopotamus]] [[Obaysch]] arrives at [[London Zoo]] from [[Egypt]], the first seen in Europe since Roman times.
* [[June 1]] 
** The [[Convict era of Western Australia|transportation of British convicts to Western Australia]] begins, as the transportation of British convicts to other parts of Australia is phased out, when the ship ''Scindian'' arrives in [[Fremantle]], with 75 male prisoners.
** The [[postage stamp]] issues of Austria begin with a series of [[imperforate]] typographed stamps, featuring the coat of arms.
** The [[1850 United States census]] shows that 11.2% of the population classed as "Negro" are of mixed race.
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Kansas City, Missouri]], is incorporated by [[Jackson County, Missouri]], as the ''Town of Kansas'' (traditional date of its founding).

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July]] &ndash; [[Taiping Rebellion]]: [[Hong Xiuquan]] orders the general mobilisation of rebel forces in [[China]].
* [[July 1]] &ndash; St. Mary School for Boys (the future [[University of Dayton]]) opens its doors in [[Dayton, Ohio]].
* [[July 2]] &ndash; Former twice-served British Prime Minister Sir [[Robert Peel]] dies following a fall from his horse at [[Constitution Hill, London]].
* [[July 9]]
**[[Báb|Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad]], known as the [[Báb]], is executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia, for claiming to be a prophet.
** Vice President [[Millard Fillmore]] becomes the 13th president of the United States upon the death of President [[Zachary Taylor]], aged 65.
* [[July 17]] – [[Vega]] became the first star (other than the Sun) to be photographed.<ref name=barger_white2000>{{cite book | display-authors=1 | last1=Barger | first1=M. Susan | last2=White | first2=William B. | date=2000 |orig-date=1991 | title=The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science | publisher=JHU Press | page=88 | isbn=978-0-8018-6458-2 }}</ref>
* [[August 28]] &ndash; [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[Romanticism|romantic]] [[opera]] ''[[Lohengrin (opera)|Lohengrin]]'' (including the [[Bridal Chorus]]) premieres under the direction of [[Franz Liszt]], in [[Weimar]].
* [[September 4]] &ndash; The [[Eusébio de Queirós Law]] is passed in the [[Brazilian Empire]] to abolish the international slave trade.
* [[September 9]]
** [[California]] is admitted as the 31st [[U.S. state]].
** The [[New Mexico Territory]] is organized by order of the [[United States Congress]].
* [[September 12]] – A [[1850 Xichang earthquake|7.9 earthquake]] shakes the Chinese province of [[Sichuan]] killing more than 20,000 people.
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Piz Bernina]], the highest summit of the eastern Alps, is first ascended.
* [[September 18]] 
** The [[Fugitive Slave Law]] is passed by the [[United States Congress]]. 
** [[Harriet Tubman]] becomes an official conductor of the [[Underground Railroad]].
* [[September 29]] &ndash; Papal bull ''[[Universalis Ecclesiae]]'': The [[Catholic Church in England and Wales|Catholic]] hierarchy is re-established in [[England and Wales]], by [[Pope Pius IX]] and future [[Pope Pius X]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; The [[University of Sydney]] (the oldest in Australia) is founded.
* [[October 19]] &ndash; The [[Phi Kappa Sigma]] international fraternity is founded, at the [[University of Pennsylvania]].
* [[October 28]] &ndash; Delegate [[Edward Ralph May]] delivers a speech on behalf of African-American suffrage, to the [[Indiana]] Constitutional Convention.
* [[November]]
** [[Taiping Rebellion]]: The first clashes of the Taiping Rebellion occur, between the [[Qing dynasty|Imperialist]] militia and the Heavenly Army.
** Undergraduates at [[Exeter College, Oxford]] arrange a "foot grind" (a cross-country steeplechase), the first organised university athletic event.<ref>{{cite book|first=Montague|last=Shearman|title=Athletics and Football|url=https://archive.org/details/athleticsandfoo00sheagoog|location=London|publisher=Longman|year=1887}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] &ndash; The treaty known as the [[Punctation of Olmütz]] is signed in [[Olomouc]]. It means diplomatic capitulation of [[Prussia]] to the [[Austrian Empire]], which takes over the leadership of the [[German Confederation]].
* [[December 16]] &ndash; Members of the [[Canterbury Association]], the first settlers bound for [[Christchurch]], arrive from England at the port of [[Lyttelton, New Zealand]], aboard the ''[[Charlotte Jane]]'' and ''[[Randolph (ship)|Randolph]]''.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Dost Mohammad Barakzai]], emir of Afghanistan, captures [[Balkh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11748/|title=Persia, Arabia, etc.|website=[[World Digital Library]]|date=1852|access-date=2013-07-27}}</ref>
* The first portion of the [[Oudh Bequest]] is transferred from [[Oudh State]] in the [[British Raj]] to the [[Shia Islam]] holy cities of [[Najaf]] and [[Karbala]], in [[Persia]].
* The [[American system of watch manufacturing]] is started in [[Roxbury, Massachusetts]], by the [[Waltham Watch Company]].
* [[Bingley Hall]], the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in [[Birmingham]], England.
* [[Allan Pinkerton]] forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the [[Pinkerton National Detective Agency]], in the United States.
* The temperance organisation, [[International Organisation of Good Templars]], is established in [[Utica, New York]], as the order of the Knights of Jericho.
* [[Mayer Lehman]] arrives from Germany to join his siblings in [[Lehman Brothers]] dry-goods business (predecessor of the bank) in [[Montgomery, Alabama]].
* One of the original segments of the historic [[Pacific Highway (United States)]] in [[Washington (state)]] in [[Clark County, Washington|Clark]] and [[Cowlitz County, Washington|Cowlitz]] counties is established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pacific-hwy.net/vancouver.htm|title=The Historic Pacific Highway from Vancouver to Castle Rock|work=pacific-hwy.net}}</ref>
* German physicist [[Rudolf Clausius]] publishes his paper on the mechanical theory of heat ("On the Moving Force of Heat") which first states the basic ideas of the [[second law of thermodynamics]].
* The city of [[Manchester]], England, reaches 400,000 inhabitants.
* From this year until [[1880]], 144,000 [[Indian people|East Indian]] laborers go to [[Trinidad]] and 39,000 to [[Jamaica]].
* Ongoing &ndash; [[Great Famine (Ireland)]] subsides.<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Ross|year=2002|title=Ireland: History of a Nation|edition=New|location=New Lanark|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1842051644|page=[https://archive.org/details/irelandhistoryof0000ross/page/313 313]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/irelandhistoryof0000ross}}</ref>

== Births ==

=== January&ndash;February ===
[[File:Sofja Wassiljewna Kowalewskaja 1.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Sofia Kovalevskaya]]]]
[[File:Mary-noailles-murfree-in-payne1.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Mary Noailles Murfree]]]]
[[File:Eminescu.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Mihai Eminescu]]]]

* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[John Barclay Armstrong]], Texas Ranger, U.S. Marshal (d. [[1913]])
* [[January 6]] 
** [[Eduard Bernstein]], German social democratic theoretician, politician (d. [[1932]])
** [[Xaver Scharwenka]], Polish-German composer (d. [[1924]])
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[John Wellborn Root]], American architect (d. [[1891]])
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Philipp von Ferrary]], Italian stamp collector (d. [[1917]])
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Pierre Loti]], French novelist (d. [[1923]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Clive Wake|title=The Novels of Pierre Loti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9uxcAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Mouton|isbn=978-90-279-2660-9|page=15}}</ref>
* [[January 15]]
** [[Mihai Eminescu]], Romanian romantic poet (d. [[1889]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ion Creangă|author2=Mihai Eminescu|title=Selected Works of Ion Creangǎ and Mihai Eminescu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xpRiAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=East European Monographs|isbn=978-973-21-0270-1|page=ix}}</ref>
** [[Sofia Kovalevskaya]], Russian mathematician (d. [[1891]])
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Seth Low]], American educator (d. [[1916]])
* [[January 19]] &ndash; [[Augustine Birrell]], English author, politician (d. [[1933]])
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Hermann Ebbinghaus]], German psychologist (d. [[1909]])
* [[January 27]]
** [[John Collier (painter)|John Collier]], British writer and painter (d. [[1934]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Walter Yust|title=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7J3nAAAAMAAJ|year=1954|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|page=18}}</ref>
** [[Edward Smith (sea captain)|Edward Smith]], British captain of the ''Titanic'' (d. [[1912]])
** [[Samuel Gompers]], American labor union leader (d. [[1924]])
* [[January 29]]
** [[Ebenezer Howard|Sir Ebenezer Howard]], British urban planner (d. [[1928]])
** [[Lawrence Hargrave]], Australian engineer (d. [[1915]])
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Kate Chopin]], American writer (d. [[1904]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Emily Toth|author2=Per Seyersted|title=Kate Chopin's Private Papers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmKHY82gFJ8C&pg=PA1|date=22 October 1998|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-11593-0|pages=1}}</ref>
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Alexander von Linsingen]], German general (d. [[1935]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[William Morris Davis]], American geographer (d. [[1934]])
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Kiyoura Keigo]], Prime Minister of Japan (d. [[1942]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Albert B. Cummins]], American lawyer and politician (d. [[1926]])
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Alf Morgans]], 4th Premier of Western Australia (d. [[1933]])
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[George Henschel|Sir George Henschel]], English musician (d. [[1934]])
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[César Ritz]], Swiss hotelier (d. [[1918]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Henry E. Huntington]], American railroad pioneer, art collector (d. [[1927]])

=== March&ndash;April ===
[[File:Fanny-Davenport-1905.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Fanny Davenport]]]]
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[Sagen Ishizuka]], Japanese physician, dietitian (d. [[1909]]) 
* [[March 7]]
** [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]], President of Czechoslovakia (d. [[1937]])
** [[Champ Clark]], American politician (d. [[1921]])
* [[March 9]]
** [[Josias von Heeringen]], German general (d. [[1926]])
** [[Hamo Thornycroft|Sir Hamo Thornycroft]], British sculptor (d. [[1925]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Spencer Gore (sportsman)|Spencer Gore]], British tennis player, cricketer (d. [[1906]])
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Hugh John Macdonald|Sir Hugh John Macdonald]], premier of Manitoba (d. [[1929]])
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Edward Bellamy]], American author (d. [[1898]])<ref>Howard Quint, ''The Forging of American Socialism: Origins of the Modern Movement: The Impact of Socialism on American Thought and Action, 1886–1901.'' Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1953; p. 74.</ref>
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Charles Doolittle Walcott]], American invertebrate paleontologist (d. [[1927]])
[[File:Hans von Pechmann.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Hans von Pechmann]]]]
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Hans von Pechmann]], German chemist (d. [[1902]])
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Kawamura Kageaki]], Japanese field marshal (d. [[1926]])
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Julius Wernher|Sir Julius Wernher]], German-born British businessman, art collector (d. [[1912]])
* [[April 10]]
** [[Fanny Davenport]], English-born American actress (d. [[1898]])
** [[Mary Emilie Holmes]], American geologist, educator (d. [[1906]])
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Nikolai Golitsyn]], Prime Minister of Russia (d. [[1925]])
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Arthur Matthew Weld Downing]], British astronomer (d. [[1917]])
* [[April 15]]
** [[Edmund Peck]], Canadian missionary (d. [[1924]])
** [[William Thomas Pipes]], Canadian politician, 6th [[Premier of Nova Scotia]] (d. [[1909]])
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Jo Labadie]], American labor organizer (d. [[1933]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Daniel Chester French]], American sculptor (d. [[1931]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Agda Montelius]], Swedish feminist (d. [[1920]])
* [[April 26]]
** [[Harry Bates (sculptor)|Harry Bates]], English sculptor (d. [[1899]])
** [[James Drake (politician)|James Drake]], Australian politician (d. [[1941]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Hans Hartwig von Beseler]], German general (d. [[1921]])

=== May&ndash;June ===
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]], British prince and Governor General of Canada (d. [[1942]])
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Johnny Ringo]], American cowboy (d. [[1882]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Anton Seidl]], Hungarian conductor (d. [[1898]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Ross Barnes]], American baseball player (d. [[1915]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Thomas Lipton|Sir Thomas Lipton]], Scottish merchant, yachtsman (d. [[1931]])
* [[May 12]]
** [[Henry Cabot Lodge]], American statesman (d. [[1924]])
** [[Frederick Holder|Sir Frederick Holder]], 19th Premier of South Australia (d. [[1909]])
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Oliver Heaviside]], British engineer (d. [[1925]])
* [[May 21]] 
** [[Giuseppe Mercalli]], Italian volcanologist (d. [[1914]])
** [[Gustav Lindenthal]], Czech civil engineer, bridge designer (d. [[1935]])  
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Thomas Neill Cream]], Scottish-Canadian serial killer (d. [[1892]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Frederic William Maitland]], English jurist and historian (d. [[1906]])
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Frederick Dent Grant]], U.S. soldier, statesman (d. [[1912]])
* [[June 2]]
** [[Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent]], British businessman (d. [[1931]])
** [[Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer|Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer]], English physiologist, pioneer in endocrinology (d. [[1935]])
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Pat Garrett]], American bartender and sheriff (d. [[1908]])
[[Image:Ferdinand_Braun.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Karl Ferdinand Braun]]]]
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Karl Ferdinand Braun]], German physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1918]])
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Charles Hazelius Sternberg]], American fossil collector, amateur paleontologist (d. [[1943]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Daniel Carter Beard]], American scouting pioneer (d. [[1941]])
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Ignaz Goldziher]], Hungarian orientalist (d. [[1921]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener]], British field marshal, statesman (d. [[1916]])
* [[June 27]]
** [[Lafcadio Hearn]], Greco-Japanese author (d. [[1904]])
** [[Ivan Vazov]], Bulgarian poet (d. [[1921]])
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Paul von Plehwe]], Russian general (d. [[1916]])

=== July&ndash;August ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Robert Ridgway]], American ornithologist (d. [[1929]])
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Annie Armstrong]], American [[Christian missions|missionary]] leader (d. [[1938]])
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Frances Xavier Cabrini]], American saint (d. [[1917]])
* [[July 31]]
** [[Robert Love Taylor]], American congressman, senator and [[Governor of Tennessee|Governor]] from Tennessee (d. [[1912]])
** [[Robert Planquette]], French composer of stage musicals (d. [[1903]])
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Guy de Maupassant]], French writer (d. [[1893]])<ref>Alain-Claude Gicquel, ''Maupassant, tel un météore'', Le Castor Astral, 1993, p. 12</ref>
* [[August 9]] &ndash; [[Johann Büttikofer]], Swiss zoologist (d. [[1927]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Ella M. S. Marble]], American physician (d. [[1929]])
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Charles Richet]], French physiologist, Nobel Prize winner (d. [[1935]]) 
* [[August 30]] 
** [[Marcelo H. del Pilar]], Filipino writer, journalist (d. [[1896]])<ref>{{cite book  | last = Nieva  | first = Gregorio  | year = 1916  | title = The Philippine Review (Revista Filipina)  | publisher = Gregorio Nieva  | volume = 5  | location = Manila  | oclc = 24397107  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9pAv2KDxmDcC |page=198  }}</ref>
** [[Bernardo Reyes]], Mexican general (d. [[1913]])

=== September&ndash;October ===
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Luigi Cadorna]], Italian general (d. [[1928]])
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Eugen Goldstein]], German physicist (d. [[1930]])
*[[September 8]] &ndash; [[Paul Gerson Unna]], German dermatologist (d. [[1929]])<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5335585/ | pmid=5335585 | year=1967 | title=Paul Gerson Unna (1850-1929); dermatologist of Eimsbüttle | journal=JAMA | volume=199 | issue=11 | pages=844–845 | doi=10.1001/jama.1967.03120110116026 }}</ref>
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Ōshima Yoshimasa]], Japanese general (d. [[1926]])
[[File:Robert Louis Stevenson Knox Series.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Robert Louis Stevenson]]]]
* [[October 1]]
**[[David R. Francis]], American politician (d. [[1927]])
**[[Agustín de Luque y Coca]], Spanish general and politician (d. [[1937]])
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Henry Louis Le Châtelier]], French chemist (d. [[1936]]) 
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand von Quast]], German general (d. [[1939]])

=== November&ndash;December ===
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Antonio Jacobsen]], Danish-born American maritime artist (d. [[1921]])
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[António Carvalho de Silva Porto|Silva Porto]], Portuguese painter (d. [[1893]])
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], Scottish writer (d. [[1894]])
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Victor Laloux]], French architect (d. [[1937]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[László Lukács]], 17th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. [[1932]])
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Victoriano Huerta]], 35th President of Mexico (d. [[1916]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Abdul Wahid Bengali]], Muslim theologian and teacher (d. [[1905]])<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mashayekh-e-Chatgam|volume=1|last=Ahmadullah|first=Mufti|year=2016|publisher=Ahmad Publishers|location=Banglabazar, Dhaka |pages=29–68|isbn=978-984-92106-4-1|edition=3rd}}</ref>
* [[Mikael of Wollo]], Ethiopian army commander and Ras of Wollo (d. [[1918]])

== Deaths ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
[[File:清 佚名 《清宣宗道光皇帝朝服像》.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Daoguang Emperor]]]]
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Simcoe]], English-born wife of John Graves Simcoe (b. [[1762]])
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Manuel de la Peña y Peña]], interim President of Mexico (b. [[1789]])
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger]], Danish poet, playwright (b. [[1779]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Radio Liberty Research Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4zwAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|page=7}}</ref>
* [[January 22]]
** [[William Joseph Chaminade]], French Catholic priest (b. [[1761]])
** Saint [[Vincent Pallotti]], Italian missionary (b. [[1795]])
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Francis Jeffrey]], Scottish judge, literary critic (b. [[1773]])
* [[January 27]]
** Philipp Röth, German composer (b. [[1779]])
** [[Johann Gottfried Schadow]], German sculptor (b. [[1764]])
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Daniel Turner (naval officer)|Daniel Turner]], officer in the United States Navy (b. [[1794]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Valentín Canalizo]], acting president of Mexico (b. [[1794]])
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer]], British military officer, colonial administrator (b. [[1775]])
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Tan Tock Seng]], Singaporean businessman, philanthropist (b. [[1798]])
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Daoguang Emperor]] of the [[Qing dynasty]] of China (b. [[1782]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Samuel Adams (Arkansas politician)|Samuel Adams]], Democratic Governor of the State of Arkansas (b. [[1805]])
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Edward Bickersteth (priest)|Edward Bickersteth]], English evangelical divine (b. [[1786]])
* [[March 3]] &ndash; [[Oliver Cowdery]], American religious leader (b. [[1806]])
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Hercules Robert Pakenham|Sir Hercules Robert Pakenham]], British army general (b. [[1781]])
* [[March 13]]
** [[Juan Martín de Pueyrredón y O'Dogan]], Argentine general, politician (b. [[1776]])
** [[Owen Stanley]], British naval officer, explorer of New Guinea (b. [[1811]])
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Samuel Turell Armstrong]], American political figure (b. [[1784]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Wilhelm Beer]], German banker, astronomer (b. [[1797]])
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Gerard Brandon]], Governor of Mississippi (b. [[1788]])
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[John C. Calhoun]], [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|7th]] [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1782]])

=== April&ndash;June ===
[[File:Wordsworth on Helvellyn by Benjamin Robert Haydon.jpg|thumb|110px|[[William Wordsworth]]]]
[[File:Madame Tussaud, age 42.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Marie Tussaud]]]]
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[William Lisle Bowles]], English poet, critic (b. [[1762]])
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[William Prout]], English chemist, physician (b. [[1785]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Raja Nara Singh]], regent of [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]] (b. [[1792]])
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Adoniram Judson]], American Baptist missionary (b. [[1788]])
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Marie Tussaud]], French wax sculptor (b. [[1761]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Jan Krukowiecki]], Polish general (b. [[1772]])
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Robert Faehlmann]], Estonian philologist, physician (b. [[1798]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[William Wordsworth]], English poet (b. [[1770]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Helen Darbishire|title=Wordsworth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8jpAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Longmans, Green & Company|page=6}}</ref>
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[John Norvell]], American newspaperman, senator (b. [[1789]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville]], French zoologist, anatomist (b. [[1777]])
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Joseph Plumb Martin]], American Revolutionary soldier, narrative author (b. [[1760]]) 
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]], French chemist, physicist (b. [[1778]])
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Frances Sargent Osgood]], U.S. poet (b. [[1811]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Christoph Friedrich von Ammon]], German theological writer, preacher (b. [[1766]])
* [[May 24]]
** [[Jane Porter]], English novelist (b. [[1776]])
** [[Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł]], Polish noble (b. [[1778]])
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Giuseppe Giusti]], Tuscan satirical poet (b. [[1809]])
* [[June 9]] &ndash; [[John Green Crosse]], English surgeon (b. [[1790]])
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[William Lawson (explorer)|William Lawson]], British explorer of New South Wales (b. [[1774]])
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Richard Dillingham]], American Quaker teacher (b. [[1823]])

=== July&ndash;September ===
[[File:Adolphus Frederick duke of Cambridge.jpg|thumb|138x138px|[[Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge]]]]
[[File:Retrato_más_canónico_de_José_de_San_Martín.jpg|thumb|138x138px|[[José de San Martín]]]]
[[File:Honoré_de_Balzac_(1842).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Honoré de Balzac]]]]
[[File:1841 portrait painting of Louis Philippe I (King of the French) by Winterhalter.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Louis Philippe I]]]]
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Robert Peel]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1788]])
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[William Kirby (entomologist)|William Kirby]], English entomologist (b. [[1759]])
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Timothy Hackworth]], British steam locomotive engineer (b. [[1786]])
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge|Prince Adolphus of the United Kingdom]], 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. [[1774]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Derrik Mercer|title=Chronicle of the Royal Family|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivo9okUs30wC|date=February 1993|publisher=Chronicle Communications|isbn=978-1-872031-20-0|page=410}}</ref>
* [[July 9]]
** The [[Báb]], Persian founder of the Bábí Faith (executed by a firing squad) (b. [[1819]]) 
** [[Zachary Taylor]], 65, 12th [[President of the United States]] (b. [[1784]])
** [[Jean-Pierre Boyer]], [[President of Haiti]] (b. [[1776]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Robert Stevenson (civil engineer)|Robert Stevenson]], Scottish lighthouse engineer (b. [[1772]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Stevenson (1772-1850) |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/stevenson-robert |website=National Records of Scotland |access-date=13 February 2021 |language=English |date=31 May 2013}}</ref>
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[August Neander]], German theologian, church historian (b. [[1789]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hugh Chisholm|author2=James Louis Garvin|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information. 13th Ed., Being Volumes One to Twenty-eight of the Latest Standard Edition with the Three New Volumes Covering Recent Years and the Index Volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4bhIDZlYyYC|year=1926|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited|page=321}}</ref>
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Julia Glover]], Irish-born British stage actress (b. ca. [[1779]])
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Margaret Fuller]], American journalist (b. [[1810]])
* [[July 23]] – [[Vicente Filísola|Vicente Filisola]], Italian-born Mexican General (b. [[1785]])
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Richard Barnes Mason]], military governor of California (b. [[1797]])
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Jacob Jones (naval officer)|Jacob Jones]], U.S. Navy officer (b. [[1768]])
* [[August 6]]
** [[Edward Walsh (poet)|Edward Walsh]], Irish poet (b. [[1805]])
** [[Hōne Heke]], Maori chief and war leader (b. c. [[1807]])
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Martin Archer Shee]], Irish painter, president of the Royal Academy (b. [[1770]])
* [[August 17]] &ndash; General [[José de San Martín]], [[Argentina|Argentine]] military and South American independence hero (b. [[1778]])
* [[August 18]]
** [[Charles Arbuthnot]], British Tory politician (b. [[1767]])
** [[Honoré de Balzac]], French author (b. [[1799]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Canning|title=100 Great Nineteenth-century Lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cygaAAAAYAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Methuen|isbn=978-0-413-51520-9|page=239}}</ref>
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Nikolaus Lenau]], Austrian poet (b. [[1802]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; King [[Louis Philippe I]] of France (b. [[1773]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Karl Marx|title=Political Writings: Surveys from exile|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFGaAAAAIAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=978-0-394-72003-6|page=138}}</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Thomas Kidd (classical scholar)|Thomas Kidd]], English classical scholar, schoolmaster (b. [[1770]])
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850)|Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn]], British Tory politician (b. [[1775]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Presley O'Bannon]], officer in the United States Marine Corps (b. [[1784]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Johann Heinrich von Thünen]], German economist (b. [[1783]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[José Gervasio Artigas]], Uruguayan revolutionary (b. [[1764]])

=== October&ndash;December ===
[[File:Sarah Biffen self portrait.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Sarah Biffen]]]]
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Sarah Biffen]], English painter (b. [[1784]])
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[Louise of Orléans|Louise, Queen of the Belgians]] (b. [[1812]])
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[Marmaduke Williams]], Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. [[1774]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Richard Dobbs Spaight Jr.]], Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina (b. [[1796]])
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[Thomas Ford (politician)|Thomas Ford]], governor of Illinois (b. [[1800]])
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Gustav Schwab]], German classical scholar (b. [[1792]])
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[François-Xavier-Joseph Droz]], French writer on ethics and political science (b. [[1773]])
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Richard Mentor Johnson]], [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|9th]] [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1780]])
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Lin Zexu]], Chinese politician (b. [[1785]])
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Germain Henri Hess]], Swiss chemist, doctor (b. [[1802]])
* [[December 4]] &ndash; [[William Sturgeon]], English physicist, inventor (b. [[1783]])
* [[December 10]]
** [[Józef Bem]], Polish general (b. [[1794]])
** [[François Sulpice Beudant]], French mineralogist, geologist (b. [[1787]])
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[William Plumer]], American lawyer, lay preacher (b. [[1759]])
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Frédéric Bastiat]] French author, economist (b. [[1801]])
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Christian Schumacher]], German astronomer (b. [[1780]])
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Pierre M. Lapie]], French cartographer (b. [[1777]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Mary Anne Whitby]], English scientist (b. [[1783]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1850}}
[[Category:1850| ]]