Editing 1830

{{Year dab|1830|the board game|1830 (board game)|the computer game|1830: Railroads & Robber Barons}}
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[[File:La Liberté guidant le peuple - Eugène Delacroix - Musée du Louvre Peintures RF 129 - après restauration 2024.jpg|thumb|250px|[[July 27]]: The [[July Revolution]] starts in France and overthrows King Charles X.]]
[[File:Trails of Tears en.png|thumb|250px|[[May 28]]: U.S. government relocation of thousands of Native Americans begins with signing of the [[Indian Removal Act]].]]
{{C19 year in topic}}

{{Year article header|1830}} It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the [[Revolutions of 1830]] in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy.<ref>Frederick B. Artz ''Reaction And Revolution 1814-1832'' (1934) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.499217 online]</ref><ref>Church, Clive H. ''Europe in 1830: Revolution and political change'' (1983).</ref>

== Events ==
=== January–March ===
* [[January 11]] – LaGrange College (later the [[University of North Alabama]]) begins operation, becoming the first publicly chartered college in [[Alabama]].
* [[January 12]] – [[Webster–Hayne debate]]: In the [[United States Congress]], [[Robert Y. Hayne]] of [[South Carolina]] debates against [[Daniel Webster]] of [[Massachusetts]] about the question of states' rights vs. federal authority. The debate lasts until –[[January 27]].
* [[February 3]] – The [[London Protocol (1830)|London Protocol]] establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the [[Ottoman Empire]], as the result of the [[Greek War of Independence]].
* [[February 5]] – A fire destroys the [[Argyll Rooms]] in [[London]], where the Philharmonic Society of London presents concerts, but firefighters are able to prevent its further spread by use of their new equipment, steam-powered fire engines.<ref name=Fires>{{cite book|chapter=Fires, Great|title=The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance|editor=Walford, Cornelius|publisher=C. and E. Layton|year=1876|page=72}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] – ''[[Book of Mormon|The Book of Mormon]]'', subtitled "An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon, Upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi",  is first published, with E. B. Grandin printing the original edition in [[Palmyra (town), New York|Palmyra, New York]].
* [[March 28]] – The [[Java War]] ends.

=== April–June ===
[[File:The Book of Mormon- An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi.jpg|thumb|150px|[[March 26]]: ''The Book of Mormon'' is first published, 11 days before the Church of Latter Day Saints is formally organized.]]
* [[April 6]] – [[Joseph Smith]] and five others organize the [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|Church of Christ]] (later renamed the [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]]), the first formally organized church of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]], in northwestern New York.
* [[May 13]] – [[Ecuador]] separates from [[Gran Colombia]].
* [[May 15]] – The [[Royal Swedish Yacht Club]] (KSSS) is founded.
* [[May 28]] – The [[Indian Removal Act]] is signed into law by U.S. President [[Andrew Jackson]], beginning the "[[Trail of Tears]]" with the forced relocation of more than 60,000 [[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous Americans]] from the [[Cherokee]], [[Muscogee (Creek) Nation|Muscogee]] (Creek), [[Seminole]], [[Chickasaw]], and [[Choctaw]] nations from the southeastern United States to what is now the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The relocation is accomplished by the end of [[1838]]. In addition to the five tribes, thousands of Indian-owned [[Amerindian slave ownership|black slaves]] are moved as well, and the move has the effect of beginning mass destruction of [[bison]] in North America.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/bisonrange/timeline.htm|title=Timeline of American Bison|publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|access-date=2020-06-24|archive-date=2019-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401135446/https://www.fws.gov/bisonrange/timeline.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[June 12]] – [[1830 Cixian earthquake|7.5 magnitude earthquake kills more than 7,400 people]] in the Chinese province of [[Hebei]].
* [[June 26]] – [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] succeeds his brother [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]], as King of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].

=== July–September ===
* [[July 5]] – French [[Invasion of Algiers in 1830|invasion of Algiers]], leading to creation of [[French Algeria]].
* [[July 13]] – The General Assembly's Institution (later the [[Scottish Church College]]), one of the pioneering institutions that ushers in the [[Bengali Renaissance]], is founded by [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]] and Raja [[Ram Mohan Roy]], in [[Calcutta]], India.
* [[July 17]] – [[Barthélemy Thimonnier]] is granted a French [[patent]] (#7454) for a [[sewing machine]]; it chains stitches at 200/minute.
* [[July 18]] – [[Uruguay]] adopts its first [[constitution]].
* [[July 20]] – Greece grants citizenship to [[Romaniote Jews]].
* [[July 26]] – The [[July Revolution]] in France begins when people in Paris rebel against the [[July Ordinances]], issued earlier in the day at Saint-Cloud by King [[Charles X of France]].
* [[July 27]] – "The Three Glorious Days" of the July Revolution in France begin. The Paris mob clashes with the National Guard: over the period 1,800 rioters and 300 soldiers will die.
* [[July 29]] – "The Three Glorious Days" of the [[July Revolution]] in France end with establishment of a provisional government in Paris.
* [[July 31]] – King Charles X of France flees to the [[Château de Rambouillet]].
* [[August 2]] – [[Charles X of France|King Charles X]] abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson [[Henri, Count of Chambord]], who never takes the throne.
* [[August 9]] – [[Louis Philippe I|Louis Philippe]], the "Citizen King", becomes King of the French.
* [[August 13]] – The [[Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)|Duc de Broglie]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of France]] by Louis Philippe.
* [[August 25]] – The [[Belgian Revolution]] begins in Brussels with revolts against King [[William I of the Netherlands]].
* [[August 31]] – [[Edwin Beard Budding]] is granted an English patent for the invention of the [[lawn mower]].
* [[September 15]] – The [[opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway]], the world's first intercity passenger railway operated solely by [[steam locomotive]]s, takes place in England, UK.
* [[September 26]] – [[Belgian Revolution]]: The army of the [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] fails to retake [[Brussels]], a National Congress is summoned to draw up a Constitution and a [[Provisional Government of Belgium]] is established under [[Charles Latour Rogier]].

=== October–December ===
[[File:Gustave Wappers - Episode of the September Days 1830, on the Grand Place of Brussels - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|250px|[[October 4]]: French-speaking and Flemish-speaking residents secede from the southern Netherlands to create [[Belgium]].]]  
* [[October 4]] – [[Belgian Revolution]]: The Provisional Government in Brussels declares the creation of the independent state of [[Belgium]].
* [[October 20]] – [[Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald|Thomas Cochrane]] is granted a patent for the first [[airlock]].
* [[October]] – The [[Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland#End of the Restoration|Regeneration in Switzerland]] begins; more liberal constitutions are adopted in most [[Cantons of Switzerland|cantons]].
* [[November 2]] – [[Jacques Laffitte]] succeeds the Duc de Broglie as [[Prime Minister of France]].
* [[November 8]] – [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand II]] becomes King of the [[Two Sicilies]].
* [[November 22]]
** The Whig [[Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey]] succeeds [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]], as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
** On what is now called "the [[Ustertag]]", men of the [[Canton of Zürich]]  in Switzerland gather to demand a new constitution.
* [[November 29]] – The Polish [[November Uprising]] begins in Warsaw against Russian rule.
* [[December 5]] – [[Hector Berlioz]]'s most famous work, ''[[Symphonie fantastique]]'', has its world premiere in Paris.
* [[December 20]] – The independence of [[Belgium]] is recognized by the [[International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)|Great Power]]s.

=== Date unknown ===
* 10,000 chests of [[opium]] are sold in China.
* [[Austins of Derry]] is established in [[Northern Ireland]]. Until closure in 2016, it is the world's oldest independent [[department store]].
* The ''[[Entuzjastki]]'' society is founded in Poland.
* [[Sogo]], a [[Japan]]ese [[Department Store|department store brand]] founded in [[Osaka]], Japan, as predecessor part of [[Seven & I Holdings Co.|Seven & I Retail Group]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shimbun |first1=The Yomiuri |title=Seven & i Holdings to offload department store unit |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/business/companies/20220201-11053/ |website=japannews.yomiuri.co.jp |language=ja |date=1 February 2022}}</ref>
* In [[Munich]], the museum [[Glyptothek]] opened.

== Births ==
=== January–June ===
[[File:Lars Hertervig.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Lars Hertervig]]]]
[[File:Louise Michel2.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Louise Michel]]]]
* [[January 7]] – [[Albert Bierstadt]], German-American painter (d. [[1902]])
* [[January 8]] – [[Hans von Bülow]], German conductor, pianist and composer (d. [[1894]])
* [[January 21]] – [[Liu Kunyi]], Chinese general (d. [[1902]])
* [[January 23]] – [[Gaston Alexandre Auguste, Marquis de Galliffet]], French general (d. [[1909]])
* [[January 31]] – [[James G. Blaine]], [[List of secretaries of state of the United States|28th and 31st]] [[United States Secretary of State]] (d. [[1893]])
* [[February 3]] – [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1903]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Abdülaziz]], Ottoman Sultan (d. [[1876]])
* [[February 16]] – [[Lars Hertervig]], Norwegian painter (d. [[1902]])
* [[March 15]] – [[Paul Heyse]], German writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1914]])
* [[March 21]] – [[Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky]], Austrian general (d. [[1920]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=120954 |title=General Friedrich Graf Beck-Rzikowsky |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 February 2022 |website=Hmdb.org |publisher=The Historical Marker Database |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] – [[Dewitt Clinton Senter]], American politician, 18th [[Governor of Tennessee]] (d. [[1898]])
* [[May 5]] – [[John Batterson Stetson]], American hat maker (d. [[1906]])
* [[May 9]] – [[Harriet Lane]], Acting [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[1903]])
* [[May 10]] – [[François-Marie Raoult]], French chemist (d. [[1901]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Antonio Annetto Caruana]], Maltese archaeologist, author (d. [[1905]])
* [[May 29]] – [[Louise Michel]], French anarchist  (d. [[1905]])
* [[April 9]] – [[Eadweard Muybridge]], English photographer, pioneer of photographic studies of motion (d. [[1904]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Clémence Royer]], French anthropologist (d. [[1902]])
* [[June 1]] – [[Martha Hooper Blackler Kalopothakes]], American missionary, journalist, translator (d. [[1871]])
* [[June 5]] – [[Carmine Crocco]], Italian brigand (d. [[1905]])
* [[June 22]] – [[Theodor Leschetizky]], Polish pianist, professor and composer (d. [[1915]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:Pissarro-portrait.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Camille Pissarro]]]]
[[File:Christina Rossetti 3.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Christina Rossetti]]]]
[[File:Porfirio diaz.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Porfirio Diaz]]]]
[[File:Emperor Francis Joseph.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Franz Joseph I of Austria]]]]
* [[July 8]] – [[Frederick W. Seward]], American politician (d. [[1915]])
* [[July 10]] – [[Camille Pissarro]], French painter (d. [[1903]])
*[[July 20]] &ndash; [[Clements Markham]], English explorer (d. 1916)<ref>{{cite book|last = Markham|first = A. H.|date = 1917|chapter = Childhood and school-days|title = The Life of Sir Clements R. Markham, K.C.B., F.R.S.|chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/lifeofsirclement00markiala|location = London|publisher = John Murray|quote = He was the son of William Markham, of Becca Hall, Aberford, and the grandson of Dr. William Markham, who was Archbishop of York from 1777 to 1807.}}</ref>
* [[July 21]] – [[John H. Lewis]], American politician (d. [[1929]])
* [[July 22]] – [[William Sooy Smith]], American civil engineer and general (d. [[1916]])
* [[July 25]] – [[John Jacob Bausch]], German-American optician who co-founded ''[[Bausch & Lomb]]'' (d. [[1926]])
* [[August 18]] – Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] (d. [[1916]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Daniel Webster Jones (Mormon)|Daniel Webster Jones]], American Latter-day Saint pioneer (d. [[1915]])
* [[September 2]] – [[William P. Frye]], American politician (d. [[1911]])
* [[September 8]] – [[Frédéric Mistral]], French writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1914]])
* [[September 12]] – [[William Sprague IV]], American politician from Rhode Island (d. [[1915]])
* [[September 15]] – [[Porfirio Díaz]], 29th [[President of Mexico]] (d. [[1915]])
* [[September 17]] – [[Maria Theresia Bonzel]], German [[Roman Catholic]] nun and saint (d. [[1905]])
* [[September 20]] – [[Edward James Reed|Sir Edward Reed]], British naval architect, author, politician, and railroad magnate (d. [[1906]])
* [[September 22]] – [[Caroline Webster Schermerhorn Astor]], prominent American [[socialite]] (d. [[1908]])
* [[October 10]] – Queen [[Isabella II of Spain]] (d. [[1904]])
* [[November 7]] – [[Emanuele Luigi Galizia]], Maltese architect, civil engineer (d. [[1907]])
* [[November 8]] – [[Oliver Otis Howard]], American Civil War general (d. [[1909]])
* [[December 5]] – [[Christina Rossetti]], English poet (d. [[1894]])
* [[December 10]] – [[Emily Dickinson]], American poet (d. [[1886]])
* [[December 16]] – [[Kálmán Tisza]], 9th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. [[1902]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Jules de Goncourt]], French writer (d. [[1870]])
* [[December 19]] – [[Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson]], American writer and publisher (d. [[1913]])
* [[December 21]] – [[Bartolomé Masó]], Cuban patriot (d. [[1907]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Robert Abbott (New South Wales politician)|Robert Abbott]], Australian politician (d. [[1901]])
* [[Mary Hunt]], American activist (d. [[1906]])
* [[Charles D. F. Phillips]], British medical doctor (d. [[1904]])
* [[Su Sanniang]], Chinese rebel (d. [[1854]])

== Deaths ==
=== January–June ===
[[File:Lord Swaminarayan writing the Shikshapatri.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Swaminarayan]]]]
[[File:George IV 1821 color.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]]]]
* [[January 7]]
** [[Thomas Lawrence]], English painter (b. [[1769]])
** [[John Thomas Campbell|John Campbell]], Australian public servant and politician (b. [[1770]])
** [[Carlota Joaquina of Spain]], [[Queen consort of Portugal]] (b. [[1775]])
* [[January 19]] – [[Johann Schweighäuser]], German classical scholar (b. [[1742]])
* [[January 25]] – [[Benito de Soto]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]n pirate, executed (b. [[1805]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Filippo Castagna]], Maltese politician (b. [[1765]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schiavone |first1=Michael J. |title=Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F |date=2009 |publisher=Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza |location=[[Pietà, Malta|Pietà]] |isbn=9789993291329 |pages=546–547}}</ref>
* [[February 2]] – [[Manoel da Costa Ataíde]], Brazilian painter (b. [[1762]])
* [[February 22]] – [[William Badger (shipbuilder)|William Badger]], master shipbuilder (b. [[1752]])
* [[February 23]] – [[Jean-Pierre Norblin de La Gourdaine]] (Jan Piotr Norblin), French-born Polish painter (b. [[1740]])
* [[March 2]] – [[Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring]], German physician, anatomist (b. [[1755]])
* [[March 7]] – [[Jacques Villeré]], first Creole governor of Louisiana (b. [[1761]])
* [[March 16]] – [[Robert Townsend Farquhar|Sir Robert Farquhar]], British merchant, colonial governor and politician (b. [[1776]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr]], French marshal (b. [[1764]])
* [[April 14]] – [[Erike Kirstine Kolstad]], Norwegian actress (b. [[1792]])
* [[June 1]] – [[Swaminarayan]] (Sahajanand Swami), Indian yogi, central figure in Swaminarayan Hinduism (b. [[1781]])
* [[June 4]] – [[Antonio José de Sucre]], Venezuelan revolutionary leader, statesman (b. [[1795]])
* [[June 26]] – King [[George IV of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1762]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:William Hazlitt self-portrait (1802).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[William Hazlitt]]]]
* [[August 6]] – [[David Walker (abolitionist)|David Walker]], African-American abolitionist (b. [[1796]])
* [[August 24]] – [[Louis Pierre Vieillot]], French ornithologist (b. [[1748]])
* [[September 18]] – [[William Hazlitt]], English essayist (b. [[1778]])
* [[September 23]]
** [[Alice Flowerdew]], British teacher, poet, and hymnwriter, (b. [[1759]])
** [[Elizabeth Monroe]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1768]])
* [[October 4]] – [[Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg]], Prussian military leader (b. [[1759]])
* [[October 5]] – [[Dinicu Golescu]], Romanian writer (b. [[1777]])
* [[October 11]] – [[José de La Mar]], military leader, President of Peru (b. 1776)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Basadre |first=Jorge |year=2005 |orig-year=First published 1939 |title=Historia de la República del Perú (1822 - 1933) |volume=1 |page=296 |edition=9th |language=es |trans-title=History of the Republic of Peru (1822 - 1933) |location=Lima |publisher=El Comercio |isbn=978-612-306-354-2}}
</ref>
* [[October 31]] – [[Petar I Petrović-Njegoš]], ruler of Montenegro (b. [[1747]])
* [[November 8]] – [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]] (b. [[1777]])
* [[November 18]] – [[Adam Weishaupt]], German philosopher (b. [[1748]])
* [[November 30]] – [[Pope Pius VIII]], Italian pontiff (b. [[1761]])
* [[December 6]] – [[Morton Eden, 1st Baron Henley]], British diplomat (b. [[1752]])
* [[December 8]] – [[Benjamin Constant]], Swiss writer (b. [[1767]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Simón Bolívar]], Venezuelan revolutionary leader, statesman (b. [[1783]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Temerl Bergson]], Polish Jewish businesswoman, philanthropist
* [[Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi]], Italian botanist  (b. [[1760]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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