Editing 1815

{{Year dab|1815}}
{{Year nav|1815}}
[[File:Battle of Waterloo 1815.PNG|thumb|250px|[[June 18]]: Napoleon defeated by Wellington at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], bringing an end to the "[[Hundred Days]]" crisis after Napoleon's escape from Elba]]
[[File:Europe 1815 map en.png|250px|thumb|[[June 19]]: [[Congress of Vienna]] redraws boundaries of the European nations.]] 
{{C19 year in topic}}
[[File:Beaume - Napoléon Ier quittant l'île d'Elbe - 1836.jpg|thumb|right|[[February 26]]: [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] escapes from [[Elba]].]]
{{Year article header|1815}}

== Events ==

=== January ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Lord Byron]] marries [[Anne Isabella Byron, Baroness Byron|Anna Isabella Milbanke]] in [[Seaham]], [[county of Durham]], [[England]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Judith Bailey Slagle|title=The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|year=1999|isbn=9780838638163|page=734}}</ref>
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Austrian Empire|Austria]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against [[Prussia]] and Russia.
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Battle of New Orleans]]: American forces led by [[Andrew Jackson]] defeat British forces led by [[Sir Edward Pakenham]]. American forces suffer around 60 casualties and the British lose about 2,000 (the battle lasts for about 30 minutes).
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: British troops capture Fort Peter in St. Marys, Georgia, the only battle of the war to take place in the state.
* [[January 15]] &ndash; War of 1812: [[Capture of USS President|Capture of USS ''President'']] &ndash; American [[frigate]] {{USS|President|1800}}, commanded by Commodore [[Stephen Decatur]], is captured by a squadron of four British frigates.

=== February ===
* [[February 3]] &ndash; The first commercial [[cheese]] factory is founded in [[Switzerland]].
* [[February 4]] &ndash; The first Dutch student association, the ''[[Groninger Studentencorps Vindicat atque Polit]]'', is founded in the Netherlands. The first rector of the senate is B. J. Winter.
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[New Jersey]] grants the first American railroad charter to [[John Stevens (inventor, born 1749)|John Stevens]].
* [[February 17]] &ndash; The [[Reconquista (Spanish America)|Spanish reconquest of Spanish America]] begins.
* [[February 18]] &ndash; The [[War of 1812]] between the United States and the United Kingdom (including Canada) officially ends, following ratification of the [[Treaty of Ghent]] ([[1814]]) in [[Washington, D.C.]]
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] escapes from [[Elba]].

=== March ===
* [[March 1]]
** [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Napoleon]] returns to France from his banishment on [[Elba]].
** [[Georgetown University]]'s [[congressional charter]] is signed into law, by President [[James Madison]].
* [[March 13]] &ndash; Participants at the [[Congress of Vienna]] declare [[Napoleon]] an [[outlaw]] following his escape from [[Elba]]<ref>Price, Munro. ''Napoleon: The End of Glory''. Oxford University Press, 2014.</ref>
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Joachim Murat]], [[Kingdom of Naples|King of Naples]], declares war on [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] in an attempt to save his throne, starting the [[Neapolitan War]].
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[William I of the Netherlands|William I]] becomes [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|King of the Netherlands]].
* [[March 2]]&ndash;[[March 18|18]] &ndash; [[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Kandy]], the last king in Ceylon, is deposed under the terms of the [[Kandyan Convention]], which results in [[British Ceylon|Ceylon becoming a British colony]].
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Napoleon]] enters Paris, after escaping from [[Elba]] with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his ''[[Hundred Days]]'' rule.

=== April ===
[[File:Congress of Vienna.PNG|thumb|[[June 9]]: The Final Act of the [[Congress of Vienna]] is signed.]]
[[File:Bodleian Libraries, Twelfth night or,- What you will now performing at the Theatre Royal Europe, with new scenery decorationscc.jpg|thumb|''[[Twelfth Night (print)|Twelfth Night]]''. Caricature of the Congress of Vienna by [[George Cruikshank]].]]
* [[April 10]]&ndash; [[Mount Tambora]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]]  [[1815 eruption of Mount Tambora|blows its top explosively during its peak eruption]], killing more than 92,000 people during week of activity from April 5 to April 12. The blast propels thousands of tons of aerosols ([[Sulfide]] gas compounds) into the [[stratosphere]], and the high level gases reflect sunlight, causing widespread cooling from a [[volcanic winter]]. During [[1816]], heavy rains fall arounde the world, snow falls in June and July in the [[Northern Hemisphere]], crops fail and widespread famine occurs. In later years, [[1816]] will become known as the ''[[Year Without a Summer]]''.
* [[April 21]] &ndash; In India, the eastern part of the former [[Garhwal Kingdom]] is joined with [[Kumaon division]], under the administration of the [[British Raj]].
* [[April 24]] &ndash; The [[Second Serbian Uprising]] against [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule takes place in [[Takovo]], [[Ottoman Serbia]]. By the end of the year Serbia is acknowledged as a semi-independent state, temporarily achieving the ideals of the [[First Serbian Uprising]].

=== May ===
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tolentino]]: [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] defeats the [[Kingdom of Naples]], which quickly ends the [[Neapolitan War]]. [[Joachim Murat]], the defeated King of Naples, is forced to flee to [[Corsica]], and is later executed.
* [[May 30]] &ndash; The ''[[Arniston (East Indiaman)|Arniston]]'', an [[East Indiaman]] ship repatriating wounded troops to England from [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]], is wrecked near [[Waenhuiskrans]], South Africa, with the loss of 372 of the 378 people on board.

=== June ===
* [[June 9]] &ndash; The Final Act of the [[Congress of Vienna]] is signed: A new European political situation is set. The [[German Confederation]] and [[Congress Poland]] are created, and the [[Country neutrality (international relations)|neutrality]] of Switzerland is guaranteed. Also, [[Luxembourg]] declares independence from the [[First French Empire|French Empire]].
* [[June 15]] &ndash; The [[Duchess of Richmond's ball]] is held in [[Brussels]], "the most famous ball in history".<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford|last=Longford|first=Elizabeth|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_fwo9-URNEC&q=Marquise+D%E2%80%99Assche&pg=PA230|pages=230&ndash;234|editor=Hastings, Max|editor-link=Max Hastings|chapter=194|title=The Oxford Book of Military Anecdotes|year=1986|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195205282}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|isbn=978-184831-247-0|title=Love, Sex, Death & Words: surprising tales from a year in literature|first1=John|last1=Sutherland|author-link1=John Sutherland (author)|first2=Stephen|last2=Fender|location=London|publisher=Icon|year=2011|chapter=15 June|pages=228–9}}</ref>
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]:
** [[Battle of Ligny]] &ndash; [[Napoleon]] defeats a Prussian army under [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]].
** [[Battle of Quatre Bras]] &ndash; Marshal [[Michel Ney|Ney]] engages [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]], resulting in a tactical and strategic draw.
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Battle of Waterloo]] &ndash; Allied forces led by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]], and [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]] decisively, and this time permanently, defeat [[Napoleon]].
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Napoleon]] abdicates again; [[Napoleon II]] (1811–1832), age 4, nominally rules for two weeks (22 June to 7 July).
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: Wellington's advancing Allied Army takes [[Péronne, Somme]], on its way to [[Paris]].

=== July ===
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Louis XVIII]] returns to Paris, and is 'restored' as King of France (he had declared himself king on 8 June 1795, at the death of his nephew, 10-year-old [[Louis XVII]], and had lived in Westphalia, Verona, Russia, and England).
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Napoleon]] boards {{HMS|Bellerophon|1786|6}} off [[Rochefort, Charente-Maritime|Rochefort]], and surrenders to Captain [[Frederick Lewis Maitland (Royal Navy officer)|Frederick Lewis Maitland]] of the [[Royal Navy]].

=== August ===
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: Representatives of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia sign a convention at Paris, declaring that Napoleon Bonaparte is "their prisoner" and that "His safe keeping is entrusted to the British Government."  <ref>Charles Jean Tristan, Count Montholon, ''History of the Captivity of Napoleon at St. Helen'' (E. Ferrett & Company, 1846) p83</ref>
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: Napoleon is transferred to [[HMS Northumberland (1798)|HMS ''Northumberland'']], to begin his forced and final second exile, on the remote island of [[Saint Helena]] in the South Atlantic Ocean.<ref>Andrew Roberts, ''Napoleon and Wellington: The Battle of Waterloo- and the Great Commanders who Fought it'' (Simon and Schuster, 2001) p199 
</ref>

=== September ===
* [[September 23]] &ndash; The [[Great September Gale of 1815]] is the first [[hurricane]] to strike New England in 180 years.
* [[September 26]] &ndash; Austria, [[Prussia]] and Russia sign a [[Holy Alliance]], to uphold the European [[status quo]].<ref>Tim Chapman, ''The Congress of Vienna 1814-1815'' (Routledge, 2006) p60</ref>

=== October ===
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Robert Adams (sailor)|Robert Adams]], American sailor and the first Westerner to visit [[Timbuktu]], is found wandering the streets of London, starving and half-naked, leading to the invitation for him to tell his story as a [[Barbary slave trade|Barbary captive]], which is later published as ''[[The Narrative of Robert Adams]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Adams|first=Charles Hansford|title=The Narrative of Robert Adams: A Barbary Captive|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|page=x}}</ref>
* [[October 3]] &ndash; The [[Chassigny (meteorite)|Chassigny]] [[Martian meteorite]] falls in [[Chassigny, Haute-Marne]], France.
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Napoleon]] begins his exile on [[Saint Helena]] in the Atlantic Ocean.
* [[October 23]] &ndash; A [[1815 Pinglu earthquake|6.8 earthquake]] shakes northern [[China]] causing many houses and caves to collapse, killing at least 13,000 people.

=== November ===
* [[November 3]] &ndash; Sir [[Humphry Davy]] announces his invention, the [[Davy lamp]] (a [[coal mining]] [[safety lamp]]),<ref>To a meeting of the [[Royal Society]] in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]].</ref><ref name="Icons">{{cite web|url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1800-1820|title=Icons, a portrait of England 1800-1820 |publisher=icons.org.uk |access-date=2007-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016113407/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1800-1820 |archive-date=October 16, 2009}}</ref>
* [[November 5]] &ndash; The [[Ionian Islands]] become a British protectorate,<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=247–248|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> the [[United States of the Ionian Islands]].
* [[November 20]] &ndash; The [[Napoleonic Wars]] come to an end after 12 years, with the British government restoring the status quo of France, prior to when the [[French Revolution]] began in [[1789]], after 26 years of turmoil.
* [[November 27]] &ndash; The [[Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland]] is signed, creating [[Congress Poland]], a [[constitutional monarchy]] in [[personal union]] with the [[Russian Empire]], under terms agreed at the [[Congress of Vienna]].

=== December ===
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Michel Ney|Marshal Ney]] is executed in Paris, near the [[Jardin du Luxembourg]].
* [[December 23]] &ndash; The novel ''[[Emma (novel)|Emma]]'' by [[Jane Austen]] is first published, anonymously in London, dated 1816.
* [[December 25]] &ndash; The [[Handel and Haydn Society]], the oldest continuously performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance, in [[Boston]].<ref name="Johnson">{{cite book|first=H. Earle|last=Johnson|chapter=Handel and Haydn Society|editor=Hitchcock, H. Wiley|editor2=Sadie, Stanley|title=The New Grove Dictionary of American Music|location=London|publisher=Macmillan Press|year=1986|volume=II|isbn=0-943818-36-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona0000unse/page/318 318]|chapter-url-access=registration|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona0000unse/page/318}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The first full-blooded European native born in New Zealand, Thomas King, is born in the [[Bay of Islands]].
* The second wave of [[Amish]] immigration to North America begins.
* In the United Kingdom, use of the [[pillory]] is limited to punishment for [[perjury]].
* ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' retrospectively recognises statistics for [[first-class cricket]] in England from this year.

== Births ==

=== January&ndash;June ===
[[File:Edward clark.png|thumb|110px|[[Edward Clark (governor)|Edward Clark]]]]
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[John A. Macdonald]], 1st Prime Minister of Canada, ''Father of Confederation'' (d. [[1891]])
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Bertha Wehnert-Beckmann]], German photographer (d. [[1901]])
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Henry Halleck]], American general (d. [[1872]])
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Horace Wells]], American dentist, anesthesia pioneer (d. [[1848]])
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Mathilde Esch]], Austrian genre painter (d. [[1904]])
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Edward James Roye]], 5th President of Liberia (d. [[1872]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |trans-title=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|language=English |location= |isbn=9781461659310|page=284|publisher= Scarecrow Press}}</ref>
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Constantin Bosianu]], 4th Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1882]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Constantin von Tischendorf]], German Biblical scholar (d. [[1874]])
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[David Davis (Supreme Court justice)|David Davis]], American politician, [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1886]])
* [[March 11]] &ndash; [[Anna Bochkoltz]], German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer (d. [[1879]])
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Louis-Jules Trochu]], French general and politician, 26th [[Prime Minister of France]] (d. [[1896]])
* [[April 1]] 
** [[Otto von Bismarck]], German statesman (d. [[1898]])
** [[Edward Clark (governor)|Edward Clark]], [[Governor of Texas]] (d. [[1880]])
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Robert Volkmann]], German composer (d. [[1883]])
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Anthony Trollope]], English novelist (d. [[1882]])<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle=Trollope, Anthony |first=Richard |last=Garnett |volume=57 |pages=238–242}}</ref>
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Richard Ansdell]], English painter and engraver (d. [[1885]])
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Thomas Thornycroft]], English sculptor and engineer (d. [[1885]])
* [[May 27]] &ndash; Sir [[Henry Parkes]], father of the Australian Federation (d. [[1896]])
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen]], Bavarian general (d. [[1881]])
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Wilhelm von Ramming]], Austrian general (d. [[1876]])

=== July&ndash;December ===
[[File:Elizabeth Stanton.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]]]]
[[File:Ada Lovelace portrait.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Ada Lovelace]]]]
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Robert Remak]], German embryologist, physiologist and neurologist  (d. [[1865]])
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Edward John Eyre]], English explorer, colonial governor (d. [[1901]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; Saint [[John Bosco]], Italian priest, educator (d. [[1888]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Bernard Jauréguiberry]], French admiral and statesman (d. [[1887]])
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Francis Lubbock]], [[Governor of Texas]] (d. [[1905]])
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotejipe]], Brazilian magistrate, politician (d. [[1889]])
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Karl Weierstrass]], German mathematician (d. [[1897]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Richard S. Rust]], American abolitionist (d. [[1906]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[George Boole]], English mathematician, philosopher (d. [[1864]])
* [[November 5]] &ndash; Luís Carlos [[Martins Pena]], Brazilian playwright (d. [[1848]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons [Simon & Schuster and Prentice Hall]|year=1996|page=340}}</ref>
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], American women's rights activist (d. [[1902]])
* [[November 20]]
**[[Maria Cederschiöld (deaconess)|Maria Cederschiöld]], Swedish deaconess (d. [[1892]])
** [[Franz von John]], Austrian general and politician (d. [[1876]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/biog/john.html#:~:text=Franz%20John%20was%20born%20in,the%20more%20successful%20students%20among |title=Franz Freiherr von John |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=austro-hungarian-army.co.uk |publisher=Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918 |access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Juan Javier Espinosa]], 9th President of Ecuador (d. [[1870]])
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[Adolph Menzel]], German painter (d. [[1905]])
* [[December 10]] &ndash; [[Ada Lovelace]], English computer pioneer, daughter of [[Lord Byron]] (d. [[1852]])
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Pálné Veres]], Hungarian educator, women's rights activist (d. [[1895]])
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Thomas Couture]], French painter (d. [[1879]])
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Joseph Toynbee]], English otologist (d. [[1866]])
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[George Meade]], American general (d. [[1872]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[William Farquharson Burnett]], British commodore (d. [[1863]])

== Deaths ==

=== January&ndash;June ===
[[File:George Romney - Emma Hart in a Straw Hat.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Emma, Lady Hamilton]]]]
[[File:José de Córdova y Ramos (Museo Naval de Madrid).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[José de Córdoba y Ramos]]]]
[[File:William Howe DeLancey.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[William Howe De Lancey]]]]
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Edward Pakenham]], British general (killed in battle) (b. [[1778]])
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Emma, Lady Hamilton]], politically active British courtesan, lover of [[Horatio Nelson]] (b. [[1765]])
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Sir Charles Malet, 1st Baronet]], British East India Company official (b. [[1752]])
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Ellen Hutchins]], Irish botanist (b. [[1785]]) 
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Smithson Tennant]], English chemist, discovered the elements [[iridium]] and [[osmium]] (b. [[1761]])
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Robert Fulton]], American inventor (b. [[1765]])
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], Austrian general (b. [[1737]])
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Frances Abington]], English actress (b. [[1737]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Franz Mesmer]], German developer of animal magnetism (b. [[1734]])
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[José de Córdoba y Ramos]], Spanish explorer and naval commander (b. [[1732]])
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Joseph Winston]], American patriot, Congressman from North Carolina (b. [[1746]])
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Aletta Haniel]], German business person (b. [[1742]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Domenico Puccini]], Italian composer (b. [[1772]])
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]], French marshal (b. [[1753]])
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], German noble, general (killed in battle) (b. [[1771]])
* [[June 17]] – [[Louis-Michel Letort de Lorville]], French general (b. [[1773]])
* [[June 18]] (killed at the Battle of Waterloo):
** [[Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice]], French general (b. [[1775]])
** [[Guillaume Philibert Duhesme]], French general (b. [[1766]])
** Sir [[Alexander Gordon (British staff officer)|Alexander Gordon]], British staff officer (b. [[1786]])
** [[Claude-Étienne Michel]], French general (b. [[1772]])
** Sir [[Thomas Picton]], British general (b. [[1758]])
** Sir [[William Ponsonby (British Army officer)|William Ponsonby]], British general (b. [[1772]])
** [[Jean Baptiste van Merlen]], Dutch-Belgian general (b. [[1773]])
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[William Howe De Lancey]], British quartermaster-general (mortally wounded at Waterloo) (b. [[1778]])
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Jean-Baptiste Girard (soldier)|Jean-Baptiste Girard]], French general (mortally wounded at Ligny) (b. [[1775]])

=== July&ndash;December ===
[[File:Self-Portrait 1769 John Singleton Copley.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[John Singleton Copley]]]]
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden]], German pioneer in mining and metallurgy (b. [[1752]])
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Guillaume Marie-Anne Brune]], French marshal (murdered) (b. [[1763]])
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[James A. Bayard (elder)|James A. Bayard]], U.S. Senator from Delaware (b. [[1767]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Stephen Badlam]], American artisan and military officer (b. [[1751]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Nash |first=Susan Higginson |date=January 26, 1958 |title=Badlam Famed Dorchester Cabinet Maker |pages=7 |work=[[Boston Herald]] |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/badlam-famed-dorchester-cabinet-maker/cbnqbgittqltpchprnzhkkgoliqgdrzg_ip-10-166-46-104_1700872831162}}</ref>
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[John Singleton Copley]], American painter (b. [[1738]])
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Nicolas Desmarest]], French geologist (b. [[1725]])
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Joachim Murat]], French marshal, King of Naples (executed) (b. [[1767]])
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Paolo Mascagni]], Italian anatomist (b. [[1755]])
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Claude Lecourbe]], French general (b. [[1759]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[John Carroll (bishop)|John Carroll]], first American Roman Catholic Archbishop (b. [[1735]])
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Michel Ney]], French marshal (executed) (b. [[1769]])
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[Mary Bosanquet Fletcher]], English [[Methodism|Methodist]] preacher and philanthropist (b. 1739)
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[José María Morelos]], leader of [[Mexican War of Independence]], executed (b. 1765)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historiadelnuevomundo.com/index.php/2018/08/biografia-jose-maria-morelos/|title=Biografía de José María Morelos |date=August 2, 2018|publisher=Historia del Nuevo Mundo|access-date=May 30, 2019|language=es}}</ref>
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Saartjie Baartman]], South African [[sideshow]] performer

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
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