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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}} {{Year dab|1814|the New Zealand reggae band|1814 (band)}} {{Year nav|1814}} [[File:British Burning Washington.jpg|250px|thumb|[[August 24]]: British troops capture Washington D.C., capital of the United States, and burn the U.S. Capitol and the White House after President Madison and members of Congress flee.]] [[File:Bouchot - Napoléon signe son abdication à Fontainebleau 11 avril 1814.jpg|thumb|250px|[[April 11]]: France's Emperor [[Napoleon]], conqueror of much of Europe, abdicates by signing the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)]].]] {{C19 year in topic}} [[File:Battle of Brienne Napoleon vs Cossacks.jpg|thumb|right|[[January 29]]: [[Battle of Brienne]]]] {{Year article header|1814}} == Events == === January === [[File:Oldcagsawapi2.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[February 1]]: [[Cagsawa Church]] is destroyed by eruption of [[Mount Mayon]].]] * [[January 1]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – The [[Prussian Army|Royal Prussian Army]] led by [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]] crosses the [[Rhine]]. * [[January 3]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Cattaro]]: French garrison surrenders to the British after ten days of bombardment. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Metz (1814)|Siege of Metz]]: Allied armies lay siege to the French city and fortress of [[Metz]]. * [[January 5]] – [[Mexican War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Puruarán]]: Spanish [[Royalist (Spanish American independence)|Royalists]] defeat Mexican Rebels. * [[January 11]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Hoogstraten]]: [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]n forces under [[Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow]] defeat the French. * [[January 14]] ** [[Treaty of Kiel]]: [[Frederick VI of Denmark]] cedes the Kingdom of [[Norway]] into [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union]] with [[Sweden]], in exchange for west [[Pomerania]]. This marks the end of the [[real union]] of [[Denmark-Norway]]. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Antwerp (1814)|Siege of Antwerp]]: Allied forces besiege French [[Antwerp]]. * [[January 19]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Ragusa (1814)|Siege of Ragusa]]: Allied siege of French town begins. * [[January 22]], [[January 24]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek]]: In northern [[Alabama]], United States forces under General [[Andrew Jackson]] defeat the [[Red Sticks]]. * [[January 24]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube]]: Two Austrian and Württemberger corps wage an inconclusive battle against the French [[Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)|Imperial Guard]]. * [[January 27]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Ragusa (1814)|Siege of Ragusa]]: French garrison surrenders to the British and the Austrians. ** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Calebee Creek]]: US forces under [[John Floyd (Georgia politician)|John Floyd]] defeat the [[Red Sticks]] in [[Alabama]]. * [[January 29]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Brienne]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] is victorious against [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|von Blücher]]. * [[January 31]] – [[Gervasio Antonio de Posadas]] becomes Supreme Director of [[Argentina]]. === February === * [[February]] – [[George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen]], represents Britain at the Congress of Chatillon. * [[February 1]] ** [[Mount Mayon]] in the Philippines erupts for the second time; more than 1,200 people die and the [[Cagsawa Church]] is destroyed. ** [[Lord Byron]]'s semi-autobiographical tale in verse ''[[The Corsair]]'' is published by [[John Murray (1778–1843)|John Murray]] in London, and sells 10,000 copies on this day.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Jones, Neal T.|title=A Book of Days for the Literary Year|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofdaysforlit00jone|url-access=registration|location=London; New York|publisher=Thames and Hudson|year=1984|isbn=0-500-01332-2}}</ref> ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of La Rothière]]: [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|Blücher]]'s Allied army defeats the French under [[Napoleon]]. * [[February 2]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Lesmont]]: French forces under [[Joseph Lagrange (soldier)|Joseph Lagrange]] defeat the Allies. * [[February 8]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of the Mincio River (1814)|Battle of the Mincio River]]: French and Italian troops under Viceroy [[Eugène de Beauharnais]] fight an Austrian army to a draw. * [[February 10]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Champaubert]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] effectively destroys a small Russian corps led by [[Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev]], opening the [[Six Days' Campaign]]. * [[February 11]] ** Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the [[Kalmar Union]]. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Montmirail]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] is victorious against [[Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken]] and [[Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg]] in the [[Six Days' Campaign]]. * [[February 12]] ** A fire destroys the [[Custom House, City of London|Custom House]] in the City of London. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] is victorious against [[Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg]] and [[Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken]] in the [[Six Days' Campaign]]. ** [[Venezuelan War of Independence]] – [[Battle of La Victoria (1814)]]: Republicans defeat Spanish Royalists. * [[February 14]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Vauchamps]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] is victorious against [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|von Blücher]], the last major action of the [[Six Days' Campaign]]. * [[February 15]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Garris]]: An Allied army led by the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] is victorious against the French under [[Jean Isidore Harispe]]. * [[February 17]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Mormant]]: A French army led by Napoleon effectively destroys a Russian division. * [[February 18]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Montereau]]: A French army led by Napoleon is victorious against [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] forces. * [[February 21]] – The [[Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814|Great Stock Exchange Fraud]] is exposed in London. * [[February 27]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Bar-sur-Aube]]: An Allied army led by the [[Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg|Prince of Schwarzenberg]] is victorious against the French under [[Jacques MacDonald]]. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Orthez]]: An Allied army led by the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] is victorious against the French under [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult]]. * [[February 28]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Gué-à-Tresmes]]: Two French corps led by [[Auguste Marmont]] and [[Édouard Mortier]] defeat Prusso-Russian forces. === March === [[File:EnterpriseTripoli.jpg|thumb|right| [[March 9]]: The [[schooner]] [[USS Enterprise (1799)|''Enterprise'']] returns from the [[Caribbean]].]] * [[March 1]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Saint-Julien (1814)|Battle of Saint-Julien]]: Austrian Army of the South defeats the French Army of the Rhône. * [[March 3]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Laubressel]]: Schwarzenberg defeats the French under MacDonald. ** [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[First Battle of Talca]]: Royalists defeat Chilean rebels. * [[March 4]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Longwoods]]: American raiding party defeats British regulars and militia and Indian fighters. * [[March 5]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Berry-au-Bac]]: French cavalrymen led by Napoleon defeat [[Cossacks]] under [[Ferdinand von Wintzingerode]]. * [[March 7]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Craonne]]: A French army led by Napoleon is victorious against combined Prussian and Russian forces under von Blücher and [[Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov|Vorontsov]], but with French losses exceeding their opponents. * [[March 8]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]: A night attack by the British under Sir [[Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch|Thomas Graham]] on the French fortress of [[Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1814)|Bergen op Zoom]] ends in failure. * [[March 9]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Treaty of Chaumont]] signed by four Allied powers, deepening their alliance against France. ** American naval [[schooner]] [[USS Enterprise (1799)|USS ''Enterprise'']] reaches [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]], North Carolina, returning from participating in the [[War of 1812]] against the United Kingdom in the [[Caribbean]]. * [[March 10]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Laon]]: von Blücher defeats Napoleon. * [[March 10]]–[[March 15|15]] – [[Argentine War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Martín García (1814)|Battle of Martín García]]: The [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|United Provinces of South America]] defeat the Spanish royalists. * [[March 11]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Mâcon (1814)|Battle of Mâcon]]: Austrian Army of the South defeats the French Army of the Rhône. * [[March 12]] – [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême]] enters [[Bordeaux]]. * [[March 13]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Reims (1814)|Battle of Reims]]: Napoleon defeats a combined Russo-Prussian corps. * [[March 19]] – [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[Battle of El Quilo]]: Chilean rebels defeat Spanish royalists. * [[March 20]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Limonest]]: Austrian and Hessian forces defeat the French Army of the Rhône. ** [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Membrillar]]: Chilean rebels defeat Spanish royalists. * [[March 21]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube]]: Allied army defeats Napoleon. * [[March 25]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Fère-Champenoise]]: Allied army led by Schwarzenberg defeats the French under Marmont and Mortier. ** ''[[De Nederlandsche Bank]]'' is established. * [[March 26]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Saint-Dizier]]: Napoleon defeats the Russians under [[Ferdinand von Wintzingerode]]. * [[March 26]]–[[March 27|27]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Jobourg]]: British squadron defeats and captures two French frigates. * [[March 27]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)|Battle of Horseshoe Bend]]: In northern [[Alabama]], United States forces under General [[Andrew Jackson]] defeat the [[Muscogee (Creek)|Creek]] Indians. * [[March 28]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Valparaíso]]: Two British Royal Navy ships easily defeat and capture [[USS Essex (1799)|USS ''Essex'']] and a sister ship off the coast of [[Chile]]. * [[March 29]] – [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[First Battle of Cancha Rayada]]: Spanish royalists defeat Chilean rebels. * [[March 30]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]: The [[Battle of Paris (1814)|Battle of Paris]] begins. ** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Lacolle Mills (1814)|Battle of Lacolle Mills]]: British garrison defeats American attack. * [[March 31]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]: Coalition troops occupy Paris. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Courtrai (1814)|Battle of Courtrai]]: French forces defeat Saxons and Prussians. === April–June === * [[April 6]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]: [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] is invited to occupy the restored [[List of French monarchs|French throne]]. * [[April 10]] ** [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Battle of Toulouse]]: The [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] is victorious. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Metz (1814)|Siege of Metz]] is lifted by the Allies. * [[April 11]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]]: The [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] ends, and [[Napoleon]] is forced to abdicate unconditionally as [[Emperor of the French]]. * [[April 12]] ** The [[Charles X of France|Count of Artois]] arrives in Paris, acting as Lieutenant General of the realm before the arrival of his brother, [[Louis XVIII of France]]. ** The [[Royal Norwegian Navy]] is re-established. * [[April 14]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Bayonne]]: The Allies defeat a French sortie from Bayonne. * [[April 18]]/[[April 19|19]] – [[Genoa]] surrenders to the British Royal Navy. * [[April 24]] – [[Convention of Mantua]]: The Napoleonic [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] is returned to provisional Austrian rule. * [[April 28]] ** The [[Ligurian Republic]] is revived. ** [[War of 1812]] – [[Capture of HMS Epervier|Capture of HMS ''Epervier'']] by the [[USS Peacock (1813)|USS ''Peacock'']]. * [[May 2]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Declaration of Saint-Ouen]]: [[Louis XVIII of France]] declares his support for representative government while claiming unlimited monarchical sovereignty. * [[May 3]] ** The Duke of Provence, the future [[Louis XVIII of France]], returns to Paris. ** [[Treaty of Lircay]] signed between Royalists and Patriots during the [[Chilean War of Independence]]. * [[May 4]] ** [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]] abolishes the [[Spanish Constitution of 1812]], returning the country to [[absolute monarchy]]. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Antwerp (1814)|Siege of Antwerp]] ends in a French capitulation. ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Mainz (1814)|Siege of Mainz]] ends as the French leave the fortress. * [[May 6]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Fort Oswego (1814)|Battle of Fort Oswego]]: British forces attack [[Fort Ontario]] at [[Oswego, New York]]. * [[May 14]]–[[May 16|16]] – [[War of 1812]] – American [[Raid on Port Dover]] and destruction of property. * [[May 16]] – [[William Brown (admiral)|William Brown]], Irish-born rebel leader and future Admiral of the Navy of Argentina, begins a blockade of [[Montevideo]], the colonial capital of Rio de la Plata.<ref name="Jaques">"Montevideo", in ''Dictionary of Battles and Sieges'', Tony Jaques, ed. (Greenwood Publishing, 2007) p682.</ref> * [[May 17]] ** The [[Constitution of Norway]] is signed and the Danish [[Crown Prince]] [[Christian VIII of Denmark|Christian Frederik]] is elected [[King of Norway]], by the [[Norwegian Constituent Assembly]]. ** The [[Military occupation|occupation]] of [[Monaco]] changes from French to Austrian hands. ** [[Argentine War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Buceo]] ends in the burning of five Spanish ships and capture of two. * [[May 24]] – Duke of Wellington arrives in Madrid from Paris in an attempt to avert civil war between supporters of Ferdinand VII and the opposition Liberals, including many troops who fought under him during the Peninsular War * [[May 27]] – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Hamburg]] ends in a French capitulation. * [[May 28]] ** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Barcelona]] is restored to Spanish Bourbon rule as the French garrison leaves the city. ** [[Venezuelan War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Carabobo (1814)|Battle of Carabobo]]: Republican victory under [[Simón Bolívar]] over Spanish Royalists. * [[May 29]]–[[May 30|30]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Big Sandy Creek]]: US forces capture British marines and sailors. * [[May 30]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: The [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|First Treaty of Paris]] is signed, returning France's borders to their [[1792]] extent. [[Napoleon]] is exiled to [[Elba]] on the same day. * [[June 4]] – [[Charter of 1814]]: [[Louis XVIII of France]] issues the [[Charter of 1814]], a written constitution that retains royal supremacy and will remain in force from 1814 to 1815 and again from 1815 to 1830. * [[June 6]] – Beginning of the [[Allied sovereigns' visit to England]]: Tsar [[Alexander I of Russia]] and King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]] sail from [[Boulogne-Sur-Mer]] to [[Dover]] on board the [[Royal Navy]] ship [[HMS Impregnable (1810)|HMS ''Impregnable'']] as guests of [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George, Prince of Wales]], the regent during the incapacity of King George III.<ref>{{cite book|first=James|last=Mudie|title=An Historical and Critical Account of a Grand Series of National Medals|publisher=Colburn|year=1820|page=123}}</ref> * [[June 12]] – The poem "[[She Walks in Beauty]]" is written by [[Lord Byron]].<ref>Cummings, Michael J. (2008). "[http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides5/SheWalks.html Byron's She Walks in Beauty]." Cummings Study Guides. Retrieved 2014-07-10.</ref> * [[June 17]] – In London, Alexander, Frederick William and George exchange their ratifications of the Peace Treaty ending the war with France.<ref>{{cite book|title=Report from the Committee upon Expired and Expiring Laws|author=House of Commons|year=1816|page=6}}</ref> * [[June 20]] – [[Gaspar de Vigodet]], [[Spain]]'s last colonial administrator of the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] (covering nearly all of modern-day Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay), surrenders the city of [[Montevideo]] to independence fighters, led by General [[Carlos María de Alvear]].<ref name="Jaques"/> * [[June 21]] – The secret [[Eight Articles of London]] are signed between the Great Powers, uniting the [[Low Countries]] under [[William I of the Netherlands]]. * [[June 28]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Sinking of HMS Reindeer|Sinking of HMS ''Reindeer'']] by [[USS Wasp (1814)|USS ''Wasp'']]. === July–September === * [[July 3]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Capture of Fort Erie]] by the Americans under Major General [[Jacob Brown (general)|Jacob Brown]]. * [[July 5]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Chippawa]]: American Major General [[Jacob Brown (general)|Jacob Brown]] defeats British General [[Phineas Riall]] at [[Chippawa, Ontario|Chippawa]], Ontario. * [[July 7]] – [[Walter Scott]]'s ''[[Waverley (novel)|Waverley]]'', his first prose fiction and one of the first significant [[historical novel]]s in English, is published anonymously by [[Archibald Constable]] in [[Edinburgh]], selling out in two days.<ref>{{cite web|title=Waverley |work=Walter Scott |url=http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/works/novels/waverley.html |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Library]] |date=2011-12-19 |access-date=2013-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430192256/http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/works/novels/waverley.html |archive-date=April 30, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[July 13]] – The [[Carabinieri]] (the national [[military police]] of Italy) is established by [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia|Victor Emmanuel]], as the police force of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]]. * [[July 19]]–[[July 20|20]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Siege of Prairie du Chien]]: British troops and Native Americans besiege and capture the frontier settlement. * [[July 19]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Rock Island Rapids]]: British-allied tribes ambush and defeat an American expedition in Illinois. * [[July 22]] – [[War of 1812]] – The [[Treaty of Greenville (1814)|Treaty of Greenville]] is signed between the U.S. government and Native American tribes. * [[July 25]] ** [[George Stephenson]] tests his first [[locomotive]] ''[[Blücher (locomotive)|Blücher]]'' successfully in England. ** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Lundy's Lane]]: Reinforcements arrive near [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]], Ontario for General [[Phineas Riall|Riall]]'s British and Canadian force, and a bloody, all-night battle with [[Jacob Brown (general)|Jacob Brown]]'s Americans commences at 18.00 hours; Americans retreat to [[Fort Erie]]. * [[July 26]] – The [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] begins with a Swedish attack. * [[July 28]] – The revived [[Ligurian Republic]] is dissolved. * [[July 29]] – Swedish–Norwegian War: The [[invasion of Hvaler]] ends in a Swedish victory. * [[July 30]] – The [[Great fire of Tirschenreuth]] in Bavaria destroys the town and 907 buildings. * [[August 1]] – The [[Grand Jubilee of 1814]] is held in Britain, celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the [[Hanoverian Succession]] * [[August 2]] – Swedish–Norwegian War: [[Battle of Lier (1814)|Battle of Lier]] ends in a Norwegian victory. * [[August 4]] ** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Mackinac Island (1814)|Battle of Mackinac Island]] results in a British victory over an American invasion. ** [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – [[Battle of Fredrikstad]] ends in a Swedish victory. ** [[War of 1812]] – The British [[Siege of Fort Erie]] begins. * [[August 5]] – Swedish–Norwegian War: the [[Battle of Matrand]] ends in a Norwegian victory. * [[August 7]] – [[Pope Pius VII]] decrees the bull ''[[Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum]]'', reestablishing the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia. * [[August 9]] ** [[Creek War]] – The [[Treaty of Fort Jackson]] is signed, ending the Creek War. ** [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – [[Battle of Langnes]] ends in a Norwegian victory. * [[August 12]] – In England, the last hanging under the [[Black Act]] is carried out, of William Potter for cutting down an [[orchard]] (although the judge petitions for reprieve). * [[August 13]] – The [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]] is signed in London, returning most possessions of the [[Dutch Empire]] acquired by the United Kingdom since [[1803]] to the Netherlands, although Britain retains the [[Cape of Good Hope]] and the South American settlements of [[Demerara]], [[Essequibo (colony)|Essequibo]] and [[Berbice]] (later consolidated as [[British Guiana]]). In addition, the British cede the island of [[Bangka Island|Banca]] off the island of [[Sumatra]], in exchange for the settlement of [[Kochi, India|Cochin]], India. * [[August 13]]–[[September 6]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Engagements on Lake Huron]] result in British victory. * [[August 14]] ** [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – The [[Battle of Kjølberg Bridge]] ends in Swedish victory. ** [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – The [[Convention of Moss]] is signed, ending the [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)|Swedish–Norwegian War]]. * [[August 24]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Burning of Washington]]: British troops, after defeating American forces at the [[Battle of Bladensburg]], occupy Washington, D.C., setting numerous buildings on fire, including the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] and [[White House|Presidential Mansion]]. * [[August 26]] – [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Las Tres Acequias]] ends in victory for the forces of [[Jose Miguel Carrera]]. * [[August 31]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Caulk's Field]]: American militia defeats British landing. [[File:Ft. Henry bombardement 1814.jpg|thumb|right| [[September 13]]: Bombardment of [[Fort McHenry]]]] * [[September 1]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Sinking of HMS Avon]] by the [[USS Wasp (1814)|USS Wasp]]. * [[September 2]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Raid on Alexandria (Virginia)|Raid on Alexandria]] ends in a British victory. * [[September 3]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Hampden]] ends in a British victory. * [[September 11]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Plattsburgh|Battle of Lake Champlain]]: An American squadron under [[Thomas Macdonough]] defeats the British squadron, ultimately forcing the invading army to retreat back into Canada. * [[September 12]] – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of North Point]]: An American detachment halts the British land advance to [[Baltimore]]. * [[September 13]] – [[War of 1812]]: The British bombard [[Fort McHenry]] at [[Baltimore]]. The British failure at the [[Battle of Baltimore]] is a turning point in the war, and the American defense of the fort inspires [[Francis Scott Key]] to compose the poem (later set to music as) ''[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]''. * [[September 21]] – [[War of 1812]]: – British [[Siege of Fort Erie]] fails. * [[September 27]] ** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Fayal]] ends in an American victory over the British. ** [[Hadži-Prodan's rebellion]] against the Ottoman Empire begins. [[File:Anglo-Nepal war.jpg|alt=November 1: Anglo-Nepalese war begins.|thumb|[[November 1]]: Anglo-Nepalese war begins]] === October–December === * [[October 17]] – [[London Beer Flood]]: A large vat full of [[porter (beer)|porter]] owned by [[Meux's Brewery]] of London bursts, demolishing buildings and killing 8 people. * [[October 19]] – [[War of 1812]]: – [[Battle of Cook's Mills]]: U.S. forces defeat the British in Upper Canada. * [[November 1]] ** [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|Francis Rawdon-Hastings]], the [[Governor-General of India]] declares war on [[Kingdom of Nepal]] and [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] begins.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sijapati |first=Alisha |title=The start of the Anglo-Gorkha war |date=October 9, 2021 |url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/the-start-of-the-anglo-gorkha-war/ |access-date=2022-08-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> ** The [[Congress of Vienna]] formally opens in Austria to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, with the European powers agreeing upon the redrawing of national borders following the victory over France; it will last until [[June 9]], [[1815]].<ref>"Vienna, Congress of", in ''The Americana: A Universal Reference Library'' (Scientific American, 1912)</ref> * [[November 4]] – King Charles XIII of Sweden becomes King of Norway, as Charles II . * [[November 7]] – [[War of 1812]]: [[Andrew Jackson]] seizes [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]], Florida. * [[December 15]] – [[War of 1812]]: The [[Hartford Convention]] is convened, by members of the American [[Federalist Party]]. * [[December 24]] – [[War of 1812]]: The [[Treaty of Ghent]] is signed, formally ending the war. * [[December 25]] – [[Samuel Marsden]] of the [[Church Missionary Society]] preaches the first sermon in New Zealand, probably in the [[Māori language]], at [[Rangihoua Bay|Oihi]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Te Rongopai 1814 'Takoto Te Pai!' Bicentenary Reflections on Christian Beginnings and Developments in Aotearoa New Zealand|last=Pettett|first=David|publisher=General Synod Office, 'Tuia', of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia|year=2014|editor-last=Lange|editor-first=Stuart|location=Auckland|pages=72–85|chapter=Samuel Marsden – Christmas Day 1814. What did he say? The Content of New Zealand’s first Christian Sermon|editor2-last=Davidson|editor2-first=Allan|editor3-last=Lineham|editor3-first=Peter|editor4-last=Puckey|editor4-first=Adrienne}}</ref> === Date unknown === * The world's first complex machine mass-produced from [[interchangeable parts]], [[Eli Terry]]'s wooden pillar-and-scroll clock, comes off the production line in [[Plymouth, Connecticut|Plymouth]], Connecticut.<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Diana Muir|first=Diana|last=Muir|title=Reflections in Bullough's Pond: Economy and Ecosystem in New England|location=Lebanon, New Hampshire|publisher=University Press of New England|isbn=978-0-87451-909-9|chapter=Chapter 10|year=2000}}</ref> == Births == === January–June === [[File:Heinrich Geissler.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Heinrich Geissler]]]] * [[January 1]] ** [[William Bigler]], American politician (d. [[1880]]) ** [[Hong Xiuquan]], Chinese rebel (d. [[1864]]) * [[January 27]] – [[Eugène Viollet-le-Duc]], French architect (d. [[1879]]) * [[February 9]] – [[Samuel J. Tilden]], [[List of Governors of New York|25th]] [[Governor of New York]], [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] Presidential Nominee (d. [[1886]]) * [[February 18]] – [[Samuel Fenton Cary]], American politician, temperance activist (d. [[1900]]) * [[March 9]] – [[Taras Shevchenko]], Ukrainian poet (d. [[1861]]) * [[March 17]] – [[Kamehameha III]], King of the Hawaiian Islands (d. [[1854]]) * [[April 3]] – [[Lorenzo Snow]], 5th president of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1901]]) * [[April 21]] – [[Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts]], English philanthropist (d. [[1906]]) * [[May 7]] – [[Henriette Hansen (actress)|Henriette Hansen]], Norwegian ballerina, singer and actor (d. [[1892]]) * [[May 12]] – [[Adolf von Henselt]], German composer (d. [[1889]]) * [[May 26]] ** [[Wilhelm Engerth]], Austrian architect, engineer (d. [[1884]]) ** [[Heinrich Geißler]], German physicist (d. [[1879]]) * [[May 30]] ** [[Mikhail Bakunin]], Russian anarchist (d. [[1876]]) ** [[Eugène Charles Catalan]], French and Belgian mathematician (d. [[1894]])<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1942-20397-12664-80?cc=2139860&wc=9DB1-GP8:1009438301,1009621001|title = Familysearch birth register| website=[[FamilySearch]] }}</ref> * [[June 21]]– [[Paweł Bryliński]], Polish sculptor (d. [[1890]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Brylinski Pawel |url=https://www.astro.com/astro-databank/Brylinski,_Pawel |website=Astro-Databank |date=June 27, 2016 |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> === July–December === [[File:Anders Jonas Ångström - 001.png|thumb|110px|[[Anders Jonas Ångström]]]] [[File:Adolphe Sax.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Adolphe Sax]]]] * [[July 3]] – [[Ferdinand Didrichsen]], Danish botanist, physicist (d. [[1887]]) * [[July 11]] – [[Louis Melsens]], Belgian chemist and physicist (d. [[1886]]) * [[July 19]] **[[Samuel Colt]], American gun maker (d. [[1862]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Samuel Colt {{!}} American inventor and manufacturer {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Colt |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=10 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> **[[Ludwig von Gablenz]], Austrian general (d. [[1874]]) * [[August 8]] – [[Esther Hobart Morris|Esther Morris]], American suffragist, judge (d. [[1902]]) * [[August 10]] – [[Henri Nestlé]], German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d. [[1890]]) * [[August 13]] – [[Anders Jonas Ångström]], Swedish physicist (d. [[1874]]) * [[August 23]] – [[James Roosevelt Bayley]], American bishop (d. [[1877]]) * [[August 28]] – [[Sheridan Le Fanu]], Irish writer (d. [[1873]]) * [[September 2]] – [[Ernst Curtius]], German archaeologist, historian (d. [[1896]]) * [[September 3]] – [[James Joseph Sylvester]], English mathematician (d. [[1897]]) * [[September 6]] – [[George-Étienne Cartier]], Canadian lawyer, politician (d. [[1873]]) * [[September 7]] – [[William Butterfield]], British architect (d. [[1900]]) * [[September 8]] – [[Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg]], French writer, historian (d. [[1874]]) * [[September 27]] – [[Daniel Kirkwood]], American astronomer (d. [[1895]]) * [[October 1]] – [[Josefina Deland]], Swedish women's rights activist (d. [[1890]]) * [[October 4]] – [[Jean-François Millet]], French painter (d. [[1875]]) * [[October 7]] – [[Susanna Dickinson]], survivor of the Alamo (d. [[1883]]) * [[October 15]] – [[Mikhail Lermontov]], Russian writer (d. [[1841]]) * [[November 6]] – [[Adolphe Sax]], Belgian musical instrument maker, inventor (d. [[1894]]) * [[November 13]] – [[Joseph Hooker]], American general (d. [[1879]]) * [[November 22]] – [[Serranus Clinton Hastings]], American politician (d. [[1893]]) * [[November 25]] – [[Julius von Mayer]], German physician, physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics (d. [[1878]]) * [[November 26]] – [[Luise Aston]], German author, feminist (d. [[1871]]) * [[December 12]] – [[Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos]], Prime Minister of Spain (d. [[1870]]) * [[December 13]] – [[Ana Néri]], Brazilian nurse, matron of nursing in that country (d. [[1880]]) * [[December 18]] – [[Sarah T. Bolton]], née Sarah Tittle Barrett, American poet (d. [[1893]]) ===Date unknown=== * [[Táhirih]], Persian Bahá'í heroine (d. [[1852]]) * [[Pavlos Kalligas]], Greek jurist, politician (d. [[1896]]) * [[Antoinette Nording]], Swedish perfume entrepreneur (d. [[1887]]) == Deaths == === January–June === [[File:Johann Gottlieb Fichte.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]]] * [[January 7]] – [[Ira Allen]], founder of [[Vermont]], leader of the [[Green Mountain Boys]] (b. [[1751]]) * [[January 16]] – [[Friedrich Karl Wilhelm, Fürst zu Hohenlohe]], Austrian general (b. [[1752]]) * [[January 26]] – [[Manuel do Cenáculo]], Portuguese prelate and antiquarian (b. [[1724]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arqnet.pt/dicionario/vilasbcenaculo.html |title=Vilas Boas (D. frei Manuel do Cenáculo) |language=pt |last=Torres |first=João Romano |website=Portugal - Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume VII |access-date=15 November 2020 }}</ref> * [[January 27]] ** [[Philip Astley]], English circus promoter (b. [[1742]]) ** [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]], German philosopher (b. [[1762]]) * [[February 26]] – [[John Cleves Symmes]], American statesman (b. [[1742]]) * [[February 27]] – [[Margaret Bingham]] British countess, painter and writer (b. [[1740]])<ref name="Radford">{{DNB|wstitle=Bingham, Margaret|volume=5}}</ref> * [[March 6]] – [[Angelica Schuyler Church]], daughter of Genl.[[Philip Schuyler]], sister to [[Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton]] (b. [[1756]]) * [[March 18]] – [[Vincent Abbadie]], French surgeon (b. [[1737]]) * [[March 26]] – [[Joseph-Ignace Guillotin]], French physician (b. [[1738]]) * [[April 1]] – [[Joseph de Ferraris]], Austrian [[cartographer]] of the Austrian Netherlands (b. [[1726]]) * [[April 12]] – [[Charles Burney]], English music historian (b. [[1726]]) * [[April 19]] – [[Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury]], England (b. [[1729]]) * [[May 2]] ** [[Thomas Coke (bishop)|Thomas Coke]], first [[United Methodist Church|American Methodist]] [[Bishop]] (b. [[1747]]) ** [[Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport|Alexander Hood]], British naval officer (b. [[1726]]) * [[May 5]] – [[Abdullah I Al-Sabah]], Kuwaiti ruler (b. [[1740]]) * [[May 6]] ** [[Stephen Amherst]], English cricketer (b. [[1750]]) ** [[Georg Joseph Vogler]], German composer (b. [[1749]]) * [[May 27]] – [[Ivan Akimov]], Russian painter (b. [[1754]]) * [[May 29]] – [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]], Empress of France (b. [[1763]]) * [[June 14]] – [[Antin Angelovych]], Greek-Catholic metropolitan (b. [[1756]]) * [[June 27]] – [[Johann Friedrich Reichardt]], German composer (b. [[1752]]) ===July–December=== [[File:Toussaint Antoine DE CHAZAL DE Chamerel - Portrait of Captain Matthew Flinders, RN, 1774-1814 - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Matthew Flinders]]]] [[File:Marquis de sade.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Marquis de Sade]]]] * [[July 12]] – [[William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe]], British general (b. [[1729]]) * [[July 18]] – [[Miles Peter Andrews]], English playwright, legislator (b. [[1742]]) * [[July 19]] – Captain [[Matthew Flinders]], English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b. [[1774]]) * [[July 25]] – [[Charles Dibdin]], English composer (b. [[1745]]) * [[August 21]] ** [[Antonio Carnicero]], Spanish painter (b. [[1748]]) ** [[Benjamin Thompson]], American physicist, inventor (b. [[1753]]) * [[August 28]] – [[Erik Must Angell]], Norwegian jurist, politician (b. [[1744]]) * [[August 31]] – [[Arthur Phillip]], British admiral, 1st [[Governor of New South Wales]] (b. [[1738]]) * [[September 8]] – [[Maria Carolina of Austria]], queen of [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]], and ''de facto'' ruler (b. [[1752]]) * [[September 22]] – [[August Wilhelm Iffland]], German actor (b. [[1759]]) * [[October 1]] – [[Guillaume-Antoine Olivier]], French entomologist (b. [[1756]]) * [[October 4]] – [[Samuel Jackson Pratt]], English writer, poet and actor (b. [[1749]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Day |first1=Gary |last2=Lynch |first2=Jack |title=The Encyclopedia of British Literature, 3 Volume Set: 1660 - 1789 |date=9 March 2015 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4443-3020-5 |page=922 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThBhBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA922 |language=en}}</ref> * [[October 19]] – [[Mercy Otis Warren]], American playwright (b. [[1728]]) * [[November 18]] – [[Aleijadinho]], [[Colonial Brazil]]-born [[sculpture|sculptor]] and [[architect]] (b. [[1730]] or [[1738]]) * [[November 23]] – [[Elbridge Gerry]], [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|5th]] [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1744]]) * [[December 2]] – [[Marquis de Sade]], French writer for whom sadism is named (b. [[1740]]) * [[December 13]] – [[Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne]], Austrian field marshal (b. [[1735]]) * [[December 19]] – [[Joseph Bramah]], English inventor of the hydraulic press (b. [[1748]]) * [[December 26]] – [[Nicolas-François Guillard]], French librettist (b. [[1752]]) == References == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book |title=Historical Reference Book |author=[[Louis Heilprin]] |location=New York |publisher= D. Appleton and Company |year=1885 |chapter= Chronological Table of Universal History |hdl=2027/wu.89097349187?urlappend=%3Bseq=148 |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89097349187?urlappend=%3Bseq=148 |quote=1814|via=Hathi Trust }} {{DEFAULTSORT:1814}} [[Category:1814| ]]
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