Editing 1808 United States presidential election

{{Short description|none}}
{{use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}{{for|related races|1808 United States elections}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1808 United States presidential election
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1795
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1804 United States presidential election
| previous_year = 1804
| next_election = 1812 United States presidential election
| next_year = 1812
| election_date = November 4 – December 7, 1808
| votes_for_election = 176 members of the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]]
| needed_votes = 89 electoral
| turnout = 36.8%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|title=National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present|work=United States Election Project|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114143528/http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|archive-date=November 14, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> {{increase}} 13.0 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image1 = File:James Madison (cropped 3x4 close).jpg
| image1_size = x200px
| nominee1 = '''[[James Madison]]'''
| party1 = Democratic-Republican Party
| running_mate1 = '''[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]'''
| home_state1 = [[Virginia]]
| electoral_vote1 = '''122'''
| states_carried1 = '''12'''
| popular_vote1 = '''124,964'''
| percentage1 = '''65.0%'''
| image2 =[[File:James Earl - General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney - Google Art Project (3x4 cropped b).jpg|x200px]]
| image2_size = x200px
| nominee2 = [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]]
| party2 = Federalist Party
| running_mate2 = [[Rufus King]]
| home_state2 = [[South Carolina]]
| electoral_vote2 = 47
| states_carried2 = 5
| popular_vote2 = 60,976
| percentage2 = 31.7%
| map_size = 350px
| map = {{1808 United States presidential election imagemap}}
| map_caption = Presidential election results map. <span style="color:green;">Green</span> denotes states won by Madison, <span style="color:#EA9978;">Salmon</span> denotes states won by Pinckney, and <span style="color:lightgreen;">Light Green</span> denotes states won by Clinton. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes cast by each state.
| title = President
| before_election = [[Thomas Jefferson]]
| before_party = Democratic-Republican Party
| after_election = [[James Madison]]
| after_party = Democratic-Republican Party
}}
[[United States presidential election|Presidential elections]] were held in the [[United States]] from November 4 to December 7, 1808. The [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] candidate [[James Madison]] defeated [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] candidate [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]] decisively.

Madison had served as [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] since [[President of the United States|President]] [[Thomas Jefferson]] took office in 1801. Jefferson, who had declined to run for a third term, threw his strong support behind Madison, a fellow [[Virginia]]n. Sitting [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] and former Ambassador [[James Monroe]] both challenged Madison for leadership of the party, but Madison won his party's nomination and Clinton was renominated as vice president. The Federalists chose to re-nominate Pinckney, a former ambassador who had served as the party's [[1804 United States presidential election|1804]] nominee, again alongside [[Rufus King]].

Despite the unpopularity of the [[Embargo Act of 1807]], Madison won the vast majority of electoral votes outside of the Federalist stronghold of [[New England]]. Clinton received six electoral votes for president from his home state of New York. This election was the first of two instances in American history in which a new president was selected but the incumbent vice president won re-election, the other being in [[1828 United States presidential election|1828]].

==Nominations==
===Democratic-Republican Party nomination===
{{James Madison series|expanded=Electoral history}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Tricolour Cockade.svg|65px|center|link=Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican Party]]<big>'''1808 Democratic-Republican Party Ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"| [[James Madison|{{color|white|James Madison}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"| [[George Clinton (vice president)|{{color|white|George Clinton}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#90EE90; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#90EE90; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_(3).jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:George Clinton by Ezra Ames.jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| [[List of secretaries of state of the United States|5th]]<br>[[U.S. Secretary of State]]<br><small>(1801–1809)</small>
| [[List of vice presidents of the United States|4th]]<br>[[Vice President of the United States]]<br><small>(1805–1812)</small>
|-
|}
[[File:Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg|thumb|203x203px|[[Thomas Jefferson]], the incumbent president in 1808, whose second term expired on March 4, 1809]]

==== Presidential candidates ====
* [[James Madison]] ([[Virginia]]), [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]]
* [[James Monroe]] ([[Virginia]]), Former U.S. Ambassador to [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]]
* [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] ([[New York (state)|New York]]), [[Vice President of the United States]]
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_(3).jpg|Secretary of State <br> '''[[James Madison]]''' <br> from [[Virginia]]
File:James Monroe White House portrait 1819.jpg|Former U.S. Ambassador <br> [[James Monroe]] <br> from [[Virginia]]
File:George Clinton by Ezra Ames.jpg|Vice President <br> [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] <br> from [[New York (state)|New York]]
</gallery>

====Vice-presidential candidates====
* [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] ([[New York (state)|New York]]), [[Vice President of the United States]]
* [[John Langdon (politician)|John Langdon]] ([[New Hampshire]]), [[Governor of New Hampshire|Governor]]
* [[Henry Dearborn]] ([[Massachusetts]]), [[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]]
* [[John Quincy Adams]] ([[Massachusetts]]), [[United States Senator]]

<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:George Clinton by Ezra Ames.jpg|Vice President <br> '''[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]''' <br> from [[New York (state)|New York]]
File:John langdon.jpg|Governor <br> [[John Langdon (politician)|John Langdon]] <br> from [[New Hampshire]]
File:Gilbert Stuart - Major-General Henry Dearborn - 1913.793 - Art Institute of Chicago.jpg|Secretary of War <br> [[Henry Dearborn]] <br> from [[Massachusetts]]
File:Gilbert Stuart - John Quincy Adams - Google Art Project.jpg|Senator <br> [[John Quincy Adams]]<br>from [[Massachusetts]]
</gallery>

====Caucus====

Senator [[Stephen R. Bradley]], who had chaired the [[congressional nominating caucus]] during the 1804 presidential election, made a call for the 1808 caucus to the 146 [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] members of the [[United States Congress]] and [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] allies. The caucus was attended by 89 to 94 members of Congress.<ref name="book">{{cite book |date=1979 |title=National Party Conventions, 1831-1976 |publisher=[[Congressional Quarterly]]}}</ref>

The caucus was held in January 1808. With the support of outgoing President [[Thomas Jefferson]], Secretary of State [[James Madison]] won the presidential nomination over opposing candidates [[James Monroe]] and Vice President [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]. The caucus voted to give the vice presidential nomination to Clinton over his main opponent [[John Langdon (politician)|John Langdon]], although Clinton's supporters believed Clinton would receive the Federalist Party's presidential nomination. The Federalists instead nominated [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]] that September. A committee of fifteen members was selected to manage Madison's campaign.<ref name="book" /><ref name=sabato1>{{cite book|last1=Sabato|first1=Larry|last2=Ernst|first2=Howard|title=Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|pages=302–304}}</ref>

Seventeen Democratic-Republicans in Congress opposed Madison's selection and the caucus system whose authority to select presidential and vice-presidential candidates was disputed. Clinton also opposed the caucus system.<ref name="book" /> Monroe, who was supported by dissident and majority leader [[John Randolph of Roanoke|John Randolph]], was nominated by a group of Virginia Democratic-Republicans ([[Tertium quids|Old Republicans]]), and although he did not actively try to defeat Madison, he also refused to withdraw from the race.<ref name=ammon>{{cite journal|last1=Ammon|first1=Harry|title=James Monroe and the Election of 1808 in Virginia|journal=The William and Mary Quarterly|date=1963|volume=20|issue=1|pages=33–56|doi=10.2307/1921354|jstor=1921354}}</ref> Clinton was also supported by a group of New York Democratic-Republicans for president even as he remained the party's official vice presidential candidate.<ref name=kaminski>{{cite book|last1=Kaminski|first1=John P.|title=George Clinton: Yeoman Politician of the New Republic|date=1993|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|pages=281–288|isbn=9780945612186|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzENUusPxfoC&q=james+monroe+running+mate+1808|access-date=12 October 2015}}</ref>

====Balloting====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Presidential Ballot
!Total
!Vice Presidential Ballot
!Total
|-
|'''[[James Madison]]'''
|align="right"|83
|'''[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]'''
|align="right"|79
|-
|[[James Monroe]]
|align="right"|3
|[[John Langdon (politician)|John Langdon]]
|align="right"|5
|-
|[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]
|align="right"|3
|[[Henry Dearborn]]
|align="right"|3
|-
|
|
|[[John Quincy Adams]]
|align="right"|1
|}

===Federalist Party nomination===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Federalist Cockade.svg|65px|center|link=Federalist Party|Federalist Party]]<big>'''1808 Federalist Party Ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF7F50; width:200px;"| [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney|{{color|black|Charles C. Pinckney}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF7F50; width:200px;"| [[Rufus King|{{color|black|Rufus King}}]]
|-
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFDAB9; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFDAB9; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:CharlesCPinckney (cropped).png|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Gilbert Stuart - Portrait of Rufus King (1819-1820) - Google Art Project.jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| 6th [[United States Ambassador to France|U.S. Minister<br>to France]]<br /><small>(1796–1797)</small>
| 3rd [[United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom|U.S. Minister<br>to Great Britain]]<br /><small>(1796–1803)</small>
|-
|}
The Federalist caucus met in September 1808 and re-nominated the party's 1804 ticket, which consisted of General [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]] of [[South Carolina]] and former Senator [[Rufus King]] of New York.<ref name="deskins1">{{cite book|last1=Deskins|first1=Donald Richard|last2=Walton|first2=Hanes|last3=Puckett|first3=Sherman|title=Presidential Elections, 1789-2008: County, State, and National Mapping of Election Data|date=2010|publisher=University of Michigan Press|pages=49–50}}</ref> This was the only time in American history that a defeated major party renominated its losing ticket for a second time.

==General election==
===Campaign===
The election was marked by opposition to Jefferson's [[Embargo Act of 1807]], a halt to trade with Europe that disproportionately hurt [[New England]] merchants and was perceived as favoring France over [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]]. Nonetheless, Jefferson was still very popular with Americans generally and Pinckney was soundly defeated by Madison, though not as badly as in 1804. Pinckney received few electoral votes outside of [[New England]].

===Results===
Pinckney retained the electoral votes of the two states that he carried in 1804 (Connecticut and Delaware), and he also picked up New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and three electoral districts in North Carolina besides the two electoral districts in Maryland that he carried earlier. Except for the North Carolina districts, all of the improvement was in [[New England]].

Monroe won a portion of the popular vote in Virginia and North Carolina,<ref name=ammon/> while the New York legislature split its electoral votes between Madison and Clinton.<ref name=kaminski/>

[[File: United States Electoral College 1808.svg]]
{{start U.S. presidential ticket box|pv_footnote=<sup>(a), (b)</sup>|ev_footnote=<sup>(c)</sup>}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan|name=[[James Madison]]|party=[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]|state=[[Virginia]]|pv=124,964|pv_pct=64.97%|ev=122|vp_count=2|vp_name=[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] (incumbent)|vp_state=[[New York (state)|New York]]|vp_ev=113}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box vp subrow|vp_name=[[John Langdon (politician)|John Langdon]]|vp_state=[[New Hampshire]]|vp_ev=9}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=[[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]]|party=[[Federalist Party|Federalist]]|state=[[South Carolina]]|pv=60,976|pv_pct=31.70%|ev=47|vp_name=[[Rufus King]]|vp_state=[[New York (state)|New York]]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan|name=[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]|party=[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]|state=[[New York (state)|New York]]|pv=—|pv_pct=—|ev=6|vp_count=2|vp_name=[[James Madison]]|vp_state=[[Virginia]]|vp_ev=3}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box vp subrow|vp_name=[[James Monroe]]|vp_state=[[Virginia]]|vp_ev=3}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=[[James Monroe]]|party=[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]|state=[[Virginia]]|pv=5,618|pv_pct=2.92%|ev=0|vp_name=None|vp_state=N/A|vp_ev=N/A}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=[[Unpledged elector]]s|party=None|state=N/A|pv=776|pv_pct=0.40%|ev=0|vp_name=N/A|vp_state=N/A|vp_ev=N/A}}
{{end U.S. presidential ticket box|pv=192,334|ev=175|to_win=89}}

'''Source (Popular Vote):''' ''A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog?commit=Limit&f%5Belection_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=General&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&page=2&q=1820&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1820&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bend%5D=1820&search_field=all_fields&utf8=%E2%9C%93|title=A New Nation Votes|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513005101/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog?commit=Limit&f%5Belection_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=General&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&page=2&q=1820&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1820&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bend%5D=1820&search_field=all_fields&utf8=%E2%9C%93|archive-date=May 13, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref><br />
'''Source (Electoral Vote):''' {{National Archives EV source| year=1808| as of=July 30, 2005}}

<sup>(a)</sup> ''Only 10 of the 17 states chose electors by popular vote.''<br>
<sup>(b)</sup> ''Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements.''<br>
<sup>(c)</sup> ''One Elector from Kentucky did not vote.''

=== Maps ===
<gallery heights="200" mode="packed">
ElectoralCollege1808-Large.png|Electoral College map
1808 United States presidential election by county.svg|Map of presidential election results by county, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate
1808 United States presidential election by electoral district.svg|Map of presidential election results by electoral district, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate. Electoral boundaries for Maryland could not be found

</gallery>

== Popular vote by state ==
The popular vote totals used are the elector from each party with the highest total of votes. The vote totals of Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee appear to be incomplete.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!State
! colspan="2" |James Madison
Democratic-Republican
! colspan="2" |Charles C. Pinckney
Federalist
! colspan="2" |James Monroe
Democratic-Republican
! colspan="2" |Other
! colspan="2" |Margin
!Citation
|-
!
!#
!%
!#
!%
!#
!%
!#
!%
!#
!%
!
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in Kentucky|Kentucky]]
| '''2,679+'''
| '''76.89%'''
| 54
| 1.55%
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| 751
| 21.56%
| 1,874
| 53.78%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Kentucky&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in Maryland|Maryland]]
| '''15,336'''
| '''67.30%'''
| 7,433
| 32.62%
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| 18
| 0.08%
| 7,885
| 34.60%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Maryland&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Federalist}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
| 12,793
| 47.59%
| '''14,085'''
| '''52.40%'''
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| 4
| 0.01%
| -1,288
| -4.8%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=New+Hampshire&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in New Jersey|New Jersey]]
| '''18,670'''
| '''55.97%'''
| 14,687
| 44.03%
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| 3
| 0.01%
| 3,980
| 11.93%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=New+Jersey&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]]
| '''9,932+'''
| '''52.70%'''
| 7,975+
| 42.32%
| 939+
| 4.98%
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| 1,018
| 5.40%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=North+Carolina&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]]
| '''3,645'''
| '''60.82%'''
| 1,174
| 19.59%
| 1,174
| 19.59%
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| 2,471
| 41.23%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Ohio&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]
| '''42,518'''
| '''78.37%'''
| 11,735
| 21.63%
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| 30,783
| 56.74%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Pennsylvania&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Federalist}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]
| 2,692
| 46.70%
| '''3,072'''
| '''53.30%'''
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| -380
| -6.60%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Rhode+Island&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in Tennessee|Tennessee]]
| '''1,016'''
| ?{{efn|name=tn|All non-Madison electors were reported under an "others" section.}}
| ?{{efn|name=tn}}
| ?{{efn|name=tn}}
| ?{{efn|name=tn}}
| ?{{efn|name=tn}}
| ?{{efn|name=tn}}
| ?{{efn|name=tn}}
| ?{{efn|name=tn}}
| ?{{efn|name=tn}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Tennessee&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[1808 United States presidential election in Virginia|Virginia]]
| '''15,683'''
| '''78.62%'''
| 761
| 3.81%
| 3,505
| 17.57%
| colspan=2 align=center |''No ballots''
| 12,178
| 61.05%
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Virginia&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1808&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1808&search_field=dummy_range|access-date=2020-10-08|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}}</ref>
|}


===States that flipped from Democratic-Republican to Federalist===
*[[Massachusetts]]
*[[New Hampshire]]
*[[Rhode Island]]

=== Close states ===
States where the margin of victory was under 5%:
# '''<span style="color:#EA9978;">New Hampshire, 4.8% (1,288 votes)</span>'''

States where the margin of victory was under 10%:
# '''<span style="color:#EA9978;">Rhode Island, 6.6% (380 votes)</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:#008000;">North Carolina, 5.40% (1,018 votes)</span>'''
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Madison'''|{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}|65.0}}
{{bar percent|Pinckney|{{party color|Federalist Party}}|31.7}}
{{bar percent|Monroe|{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}|2.9}}
{{bar percent|Unpledged electors|{{party color|Independent}}|0.4}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote—President
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Madison'''|{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}|69.7}}
{{bar percent|Pinckney|{{party color|Federalist Party}}|26.9}}
{{bar percent|Clinton|{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}|3.4}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote—Vice President
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Clinton'''|{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}|64.6}}
{{bar percent|King|{{party color|Federalist Party}}|26.9}}
{{bar percent|Langdon|{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}|5.1}}
{{bar percent|Madison|{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}|1.7}}
{{bar percent|Monroe|{{party color|Democratic-Republican Party}}|1.7}}
}}

==Electoral college selection==
{{start electoral college selection}}
{{electoral college selection row|method=Each Elector appointed by state legislature|states={{plainlist|
*[[Connecticut]]
*[[Delaware]]
*[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
*[[Massachusetts]]
*[[New York (state)|New York]]
*[[South Carolina]]
*[[Vermont]]}}}}
{{electoral college selection row|method=Each Elector chosen by voters statewide|states={{plainlist|
*[[New Hampshire]]
*[[New Jersey]]
*[[Ohio]]
*[[Pennsylvania]]
*[[Rhode Island]]
*[[Virginia]]}}}}
{{electoral college selection row|method=<nowiki/>
State is divided into two electoral districts and half the electors are chosen from each district.
|states=[[Kentucky]]}}
{{electoral college selection row|method=State is divided into electoral districts, with one Elector chosen per district by the voters of that district|states={{plainlist|
*[[Maryland]]
*[[North Carolina]]
*[[Tennessee]]}}}}
{{end electoral college selection}}

==See also==
* [[History of the United States (1789–1849)]]
* [[First inauguration of James Madison]]
* [[1808–09 United States House of Representatives elections]]
* [[1808–09 United States Senate elections]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Brant, Irving, "Election of 1808" in Arthur Meier Schlesinger and Fred L. Israel, eds. ''History of American presidential elections, 1789-1968: Volume 1'' (1971) pp 185-249
* Carson, David A. "Quiddism and the Reluctant Candidacy of James Monroe in the Election of 1808," ''Mid-America'' 1988 70(2): 79–89

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.countingthevotes.com/1808/ Election of 1808 in Counting the Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001182320/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1808/ |date=October 1, 2019 }}
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/elections/election1808.html Presidential Election of 1808: A Resource Guide] from the Library of Congress
* {{cite web|title=A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College|work=The Green Papers|url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/Hx/ElectoralCollege.html|access-date=March 20, 2005}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214223/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/aas_portal/index.xq A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787-1825]

{{James Madison}}
{{USPresidentialElections}}{{1808 United States elections|state=collapsed}}{{1808 United States presidential election}}
{{State results of the 1808 U.S. presidential election}}
{{Federalist Party}}
{{Democratic-Republican Party}}
{{James Monroe}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1808 United States presidential election| ]]
[[Category:Presidency of James Madison]]
[[Category:James Madison]]
[[Category:George Clinton]]