Editing 1784

{{Year dab|1784}}
{{Year nav|1784}}
[[File:Emerald Buddha, August 2012, Bangkok.jpg|thumb|250px|[[March 22]]: The [[Emerald Buddha]] is installed at the ''[[Wat Phra Kaew]]'']]
{{C18 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1784}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 6]] &ndash; Treaty of Constantinople: The [[Ottoman Empire]] agrees to [[Russian Empire|Russia]]'s annexation of the [[Crimean Peninsula|Crimea]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4x0QAAAAYAAJ|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4x0QAAAAYAAJ/page/n193 163]|quote=treaty of constantinople 1784.|title=The Revolutions of Europe: Being an Historical View of the European Nations from the Subversion of the Roman Empire in the West to the Abdication of Napoleon|last1=Koch|first1=Christophe|last2=Schoell|first2=Maximillian Samson Friedrich|date=1839|publisher=Whittaker and Company|language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 14]] &ndash; The [[Congress of the United States]] ratifies the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] with [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] to end the [[American Revolution]], with the signature of [[President of the Continental Congress|President of Congress]] [[Thomas Mifflin]].<ref name="Harper1784">''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p167</ref>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Henry Cavendish]]'s paper to the [[Royal Society]] of [[London]], ''Experiments on Air'', reveals the composition of [[water (molecule)|water]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Experiments on Air|jstor=106582|first=Henry|last=Cavendish|year=1784|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London]]|volume=75|pages=372–384|doi=10.1098/rstl.1785.0023|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1432276|doi-access=free|bibcode=1785RSPT...75..372C}}</ref>
* [[February 24]] &ndash; The [[Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam]] begins.
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[John Wesley]] ordains ministers for the [[Methodist Church]] in the [[United States]].
* [[March 1]] &ndash; The Confederation Congress accepts Virginia's [[state cessions|cession of all rights to the Northwest Territory]] and to Kentucky ([[Illinois County, Virginia|Illinois County]]).<ref name="Harper1784"/>
* [[March 22]] &ndash; The [[Emerald Buddha]] is installed at the ''[[Wat Phra Kaew]]'', on the grounds of the [[Grand Palace]] in [[Bangkok]] (or in 1785).

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 23]] &ndash; The Congress of the Confederation passes the Ordinance of Governance to set guidelines for adding to the original 13 states in the [[United States of America]].<ref>Charles Kettleborough, Ph.D., ''Constitution Making in Indiana: A Source Book of Constitutional Documents, with Historical Introduction and Critical Notes'' (Indiana Historical Commission, 1916) p3</ref>
* [[April 27]] &ndash; ''[[The Marriage of Figaro (play)|The Marriage of Figaro]]'', written by playwright [[Pierre Beaumarchais]] as a sequel to [[The Barber of Seville (play)|''The Barber of Seville'']], premieres at the [[Comédie-Française]] in [[Paris]].<ref>
Denis Hollier and R. Howard Bloch, ''A New History of French Literature'' (Harvard University Press, 1994) p549</ref>
* [[May 12]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]], signed on [[September 3]] [[1783|the previous year]], comes into effect.
* [[May 20]] &ndash; A [[treaty]] is signed in [[Peace of Paris (1783)|Paris]] between the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] and the [[Dutch Republic]], formally ending the [[Fourth Anglo-Dutch War]].
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Élisabeth Thible]] is the first woman to ascend in a [[hot air balloon|hot-air balloon]], at [[Lyon]], [[France]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The [[Bank of New York]] opens as the first in New York state<ref>"Commercial banks", by Benjamin J. Klebaner, in ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'', 2nd edition (Yale University Press, 2010)</ref> and continues to operate under that name for almost 223 years until being acquired by [[Mellon Financial]] and becoming [[BNY Mellon]].
* [[July 29]] &ndash; The United States and the Kingdom of France sign a convention for establishing diplomatic relations and "determining the functions and prerogatives of their respective consuls, vice consuls, agents, and commissaries".<ref>''American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States'' (Gales and Seaton, 1833) p89</ref>
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Parliament of Great Britain]] passes [[Pitt's India Act]] (''An Act for the better Regulation and Management of the Affairs of the [[East India Company]] and of the [[British Possessions]] in India'').<ref>John Keay, ''The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company'' (Macmillan Publishing, 1991), p390</ref> It requires the governor-general to be chosen from outside the Company and makes company directors subject to parliamentary supervision.
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]] creates the colony of [[New Brunswick]].
* [[September 19]] &ndash; In [[France]], the [[Robert brothers]] (Anne-Jean Robert and Nicolas-Louis Robert) and a Mr. Collin-Hullin (whose first name is lost to history) become the first people to fly more than 100 km or 100 miles in the air, lifting off from [[Paris]] and landing 6 hours and 40 minutes later near [[Bethune]] after a journey of {{convert|186|km}}. 
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Russia]] establishes a [[colony]] at [[Kodiak, Alaska]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 8]] &ndash; "[[Kettle War]]", a 1-day action on the [[Scheldt]] in which a ship of the [[Dutch Republic]] repels forces of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[North Carolina]] rescinds its resolution [[state cessions|ceding its western territory]] ([[Washington District, North Carolina|Washington District]], modern-day Tennessee) to the United States, after earlier giving Congress two years to accept the terms.<ref name="Harper1784" />
* [[October 31]]&ndash;[[December 14]] &ndash; The [[Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan]] in [[Transylvania]] causes [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]] to suspend the [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] Constitution.
* [[November 26]] &ndash; The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore|Roman Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of the United States]] is established.
* [[November 27]] &ndash; The phenomenon of [[black holes]] is first posited in a paper by [[John Michell]], in the ''[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=On the Means of Discovering the Distance, Magnitude, &c. of the Fixed Stars, in Consequence of the Diminution of the Velocity of Their Light, in Case Such a Diminution Should be Found to Take Place in any of Them, and Such Other Data Should be Procured from Observations, as Would be Farther Necessary for That Purpose. By the Rev. John Michell, B.D.F.R.S. In a Letter to Henry Cavendish, Esq. F.R.S. and A.S.|jstor=106576|first=John|last=Michell|year=1784|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|volume=75|pages=35–57|bibcode=1784RSPT...74...35M|doi=10.1098/rstl.1784.0008|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1432270|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Richard Henry Lee]] of Virginia is selected as the new President of the Confederation Congress.<ref name="Harper1784" />
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Immanuel Kant]]'s essay "[[Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?]]" is published.
* [[December 25]] &ndash; The [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] in the United States is officially formed at the "Christmas Conference", led by [[Thomas Coke (Methodist)|Thomas Coke]] and [[Francis Asbury]].

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]] receives its first bales of imported [[Cotton production in the United States|American cotton]].
* [[King Carlos III]] of the [[Spanish Empire]] authorizes land grants in [[Alta California]].
* Princess [[Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova]] is named first president of the newly created [[Russian Academy]].
* The [[North Carolina General Assembly]] incorporates the town of Morgansborough, named for [[Daniel Morgan]].  The town is designated as the county seat for [[Burke County, North Carolina]] and is subsequently renamed ''Morgan'', later shortened to [[Morganton, North Carolina|Morganton]].
* The North Carolina General Assembly changes the name of Kingston, North Carolina, originally named for King [[George III of Great Britain]], to [[Kinston, North Carolina|Kinston]].
* [[Great Tenmei famine]] in [[Edo period]] Japan continues, as 300,000 die of starvation.
* A huge [[locust]] [[swarm]] hits [[South Africa]].
* Foundation of the first theater in Estonia, the [[Tallinna saksa teater]].
* [[Benjamin Franklin]] invents [[bifocals|bifocal]] [[spectacles]].
* [[Benjamin Franklin]] tries in vain to persuade the [[Kingdom of France|French]] to alter their clocks in winter to take advantage of the daylight.
* [[Antoine Lavoisier]] pioneers quantitative chemistry.
* [[Cholesterol]] is isolated.
* [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] pioneers the field of [[summation]] with the formula summing at the age of 7.
* [[Angelique du Coudray|Madame du Coudray]], pioneer of modern midwifery, retires.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Philippe Antoine d’Ornano]], Marshal of France (d. [[1863]])
[[File:Georgehamiltongordonaberdeen.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen]]]]
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1860]])
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Nancy Hanks]], mother of [[Abraham Lincoln]] (d. [[1818]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[John E. Wool]], general officer in the [[United States Army]], who served during the [[War of 1812]], [[Mexican–American War]], and the [[American Civil War]] (d. [[1869]])
* [[February 29]] &ndash; [[Leo von Klenze]],  German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer (d. [[1864]])
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[William Buckland]], English geologist, paleontologist (d. [[1856]])  
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[Samuel Hunter Christie]], English physicist, mathematician (d. [[1865]])
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Tom Molineaux]], African-American boxer (d. [[1818]])
[[File:JonathanJennings.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Jonathan Jennings]]]]
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Jonathan Jennings]], American politician and the first [[governor of Indiana]] (d. [[1834]])
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Louis Spohr]], German violinist, composer (d. [[1859]])
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Graf von Wrangel]], Prussian field marshal (d. [[1877]])
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Peter Vivian Daniel]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1860]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Juan Antonio Lavalleja]], Uruguayan military, political figure (d. [[1853]])
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Charles Baudin]], French admiral (d. [[1854]])
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Bessel]], German mathematician, astronomer (d. [[1846]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Denis Davydov]], Russian general, poet (d. [[1839]])
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Robert Taylor (Radical)|Robert Taylor]], British [[Radicalism (historical)|Radical]] writer, [[freethought]] advocate (d. [[1844]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[William Pope Duval]], first civilian governor of the Florida Territory (d. [[1854]])
* [[October 13]] &ndash; King [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]] (d. [[1833]])
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Thomas Robert Bugeaud]], [[Marshal of France]] and duke of Isly (d. [[1849]])
* [[October 19]]
** [[Leigh Hunt]], British critic, essayist (d. [[1859]])
** [[John McLoughlin]], Canadian fur trader (d. [[1857]])
[[File:Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston]]]]
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1865]])
* October &ndash; [[Sarah Biffen]], armless English painter (d. [[1850]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Zachary Taylor]], 12th [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1850]])
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen]] (d. [[1853]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Princess Friederike Luise of Prussia]], Prussian princess (b. [[1714]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Count of St. Germain]], French philosopher, adventurer (b. [[1710]])
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Thomas Bond (American physician)|Thomas Bond]], American physician and surgeon (b. [[1712]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Ralph Bigland]], British officer of arms (b. [[1712]])
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Thomas Adam]], English clergyman, religious writer (b. [[1701]])
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Nano Nagle]], Irish convent founder (b. [[1718]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Agustín de Jáuregui]], Spanish colonial governor (b. [[1711]])
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Anthony Benezet]], French-born American abolitionist and educator (b. [[1713]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Antoine Court de Gébelin]], French pastor (b. [[1725]])
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Abraham Trembley]], Swiss naturalist (b. [[1710]])
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Lukrecija Bogašinović Budmani]], [[Croatia]]n poet (b. [[1710]])
* [[June 11]]  &ndash; [[Lê Quý Đôn]], Vietnamese philosopher, poet, encyclopedist, and government official (b. [[1726]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Henry Middleton]], American president of the Continental Congress (b. [[1717]])
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[Andrzej Mokronowski]], Polish general (b. [[1713]])
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Caesar Rodney]], American lawyer, signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence]] (b. [[1728]])
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Wilhelm Friedemann Bach]], German composer (b. [[1710]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Wilhelm Friedemann Bach {{!}} German composer {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wilhelm-Friedemann-Bach |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=en |date=27 June 2023}}</ref>
[[File:Denis Diderot 111.PNG|thumb|right|110px|[[Denis Diderot]]]]
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Denis Diderot]], French philosopher, encyclopedist (b. [[1713]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Battista Martini]], Italian musician (b. [[1706]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]], Scottish portrait-painter (b. [[1713]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Nathaniel Hone the Elder|Nathaniel Hone]], Irish-born painter (b. [[1718]])
* [[August 28]] &ndash; [[Junípero Serra]], Spanish Franciscan missionary (b. [[1713]])
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Jean-François Séguier]], French astronomer and botanist (b. [[1703]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[César-François Cassini de Thury]], French astronomer (b. [[1714]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Ann Lee]], American religious leader (b. [[1736]])
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Nicolas Bernard Lépicié]], French painter (b. [[1735]])
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan]], French polymath, author and poet (b. [[1709]])
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[George Baylor]], officer in the American Continental Army (b. [[1752]])
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Phillis Wheatley]], first published African-American author (b. [[1753]])
[[File:Dr-Johnson.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Samuel Johnson]]]]
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Samuel Johnson]], English writer, lexicographer (b. [[1709]])
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Yosa Buson]], Japanese poet, painter (b. [[1716]])
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Seth Warner]], American revolutionary leader (b. [[1743]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Raja Haji Fisabilillah]], Buginese monarch of the [[Johor Sultanate]], warrior, emperor, and government official
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Abd al-Karim Kashmiri]],  Indo-Persian historian

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Blair's Chronological Tables |author1=John Blair |author2=J. Willoughby Rosse|location= London |publisher=[[Henry George Bohn|H.G. Bohn]] |year=1856 |via=Hathi Trust |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=700 |chapter=1784 |hdl=2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=700 |author1-link=John Blair (priest) }}

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[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]