Editing 1780

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1780}}
{{Year nav|1780}}
[[File:Treason of Arnold Arnold persuades Andre to conceal the papers in his boot - - painted by C.F. Blauvelt. LCCN2010651755.jpg|250px|thumb|September 21: American Major General [[Benedict Arnold]], commander of West Point, commits treason by supplying information to Britain's Major [[John Andre]].]] 
{{C18 year in topic}}
[[File:Waxhaw massacre sketch.jpg|thumb|right| [[May 29]]: [[Waxhaw Massacre]] in America.]]
{{Year article header|1780}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780)|Battle of Cape St. Vincent]]: British Admiral [[George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney|Sir George Rodney]] defeats a Spanish fleet.
* [[February 19]] &ndash; The legislature of New York votes to allow its delegates to cede a portion of its western territory to the Continental Congress for the common benefit of the war.<ref name="Harper1780">{{cite book|title=Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A.D. to 1909|editor1=Lossing, Benson John|editor2=Wilson, Woodrow|location=New York|publisher=Harper & Brothers|year=1910|page=166}}</ref>
* [[March 1]] &ndash; The legislature of [[Pennsylvania]] votes, 34 to 21, to approve [[An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery]].<ref name=Ferguson>{{cite book|first=Russell J.|last=Ferguson|title=Early Western Pennsylvania Politics|year=1938|page=34}}</ref>
* [[March 11]]
** The [[First League of Armed Neutrality]] is formed by [[Russian Empire|Russia]] with [[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]] to try to prevent the British [[Royal Navy]] from searching neutral vessels for contraband (February 28 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]).
** General [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Lafayette]] embarks on {{ship|French frigate|Hermione|1779|6}} at [[Rochefort, Charente-Maritime|Rochefort]], arriving in [[Boston]] on [[April 28]], carrying the news that he has secured French men and ships to reinforce the American side in the [[American Revolutionary War]].
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: The British [[San Juan Expedition (1780)|San Juan Expedition]] sails from Jamaica under the command of Captains John Polson and [[Horatio Nelson]] to attack the [[Captaincy General of Guatemala]] (modern-day Nicaragua) in [[New Spain]].
* [[March 26]] &ndash; The ''British Gazette and Sunday Monitor'', the first Sunday newspaper in Britain, begins publication.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 16]] &ndash; The [[University of Münster]] in [[Münster]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany is founded.
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: The Spanish commander of the [[Fortress of the Immaculate Conception]] on the [[San Juan River (Nicaragua)|San Juan River]] in modern-day Nicaragua surrenders it to the British [[San Juan Expedition (1780)|San Juan Expedition]].
* [[May 4]] &ndash; The first [[Epsom Derby]] horse race is run on Epsom Downs, [[Surrey]], England.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology_333">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/333|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/333 333]}}</ref> The victor is ''[[Diomed]]''.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Charleston, South Carolina]] is taken by British forces after [[Siege of Charleston|44 days of siege]].
* [[May 13]] &ndash; The [[Cumberland Compact]] is signed by American settlers, in the Cumberland Valley of Tennessee.
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[New England's Dark Day]]: An unaccountable darkness spreads over [[New England]], regarded by some observers as a fulfillment of [[Bible]] prophecy.<ref>{{cite book|title=Facts for the Times: Containing Historical Extracts, Candid Admissions, and Important Testimony from Eminent Authors, Ancient and Modern on the Leading Topics of the Scriptures and Signs of the Times|publisher=Review and Herald Publishing|year=1893|page=66}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Susan|last=Juster|title=Doomsayers: Anglo-American Prophecy in the Age of Revolution|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2010|page=223}}</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; American Revolutionary War &ndash; [[Waxhaw Massacre]]: [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] forces under Colonel [[Banastre Tarleton]] kill surrendering [[Patriot (American Revolution)|American]] soldiers.
* [[June 2]] &ndash; An [[Anti-Catholic]] mob led by [[Lord George Gordon]] marches on the [[Parliament of Great Britain]], leading to the outbreak of the [[Gordon Riots]] in [[London]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/>
* [[June 7]] &ndash; The [[Gordon Riots]] in London are ended by the intervention of troops. About 285 people are shot dead, with another 200 wounded and around 450 arrested.
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Springfield (1780)|Battle of Springfield]]: The [[Continental Army]] defeats the British in [[New Jersey]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 11]] &ndash; French soldiers arrive in Newport, Rhode Island to reinforce the colonists, in the [[American Revolutionary War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushistory.org/march/timeline.htm|title=Timeline of the American Revolutionary War|publisher=Independence Hall|access-date=2007-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070530054927/http://ushistory.org/march/timeline.htm|archive-date=2007-05-30<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* [[July 17]] &ndash; The first bank created in the United States, the Bank of Pennsylvania, is chartered.<ref name=Ferguson/> 
* [[August 9]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: Spanish [[admiral]] [[Luis de Córdova y Córdova]] [[Action of 9 August 1780|captures]] a British [[convoy]] totalling 55 vessels amongst [[Indiamen]], [[frigate]]s and other cargo ships off [[Cape St. Vincent]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hattendorf|first=John|title=Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean: past, present, and future|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2000|page=37|isbn=0-7146-8054-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Harbron|first=John|title=Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|year=1988|page=84|isbn=0-85177-477-6}}</ref>
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Camden]]: British troops inflict heavy losses on a Patriot army at [[Camden, South Carolina]].
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Louis XVI of France]] abolishes the use of torture in extracting confessions.
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Benedict Arnold]] gives detailed plans of [[West Point, New York|West Point]] to Major [[John André]]. Three days later, André is captured, with papers revealing that Arnold was planning to surrender West Point to the British.
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Benedict Arnold]] flees to British-held New York.
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The Danish ship-of-the-line [[HDMS Printz Friderich (1764)|Printz Friderich]] runs aground on the [[Kobbergrund]] shoal and is a total loss

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash;  [[American Revolutionary War]]: In Tappan, New York, [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] spy [[John André]] is hanged by American forces.
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Battle of Kings Mountain]]: [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriot]] militia forces annihilate [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]]s under British Major [[Patrick Ferguson]], at Kings Mountain, South Carolina.
* [[October 10]]&ndash;[[October 16|16]] &ndash; The [[Great Hurricane of 1780|Great Hurricane]] flattens the islands of [[Barbados]], [[Martinique]] and [[Sint Eustatius]]; 22,000 are killed.
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II]]: In the Spanish [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], [[Túpac Amaru II]] leads an uprising of [[Aymara people|Aymara]] and [[Quechua people]]s and [[mestizo]] peasants as a protest against the [[Bourbon Reforms]].
* [[November 28]] &ndash; A lightning strike in [[Saint Petersburg]] begins a fire that burns 11,000 homes.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Fires, Great|title=The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance|editor=Walford, Cornelius|publisher=C. and E. Layton|year=1876|page=59}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] dies in Vienna after 40 years of rule, and her [[Habsburg]] dominions pass to her ambitious son, [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], who has already been [[Holy Roman Emperor]] since [[1765]].
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: The British [[San Juan Expedition (1780)|San Juan Expedition]] is forced to withdraw.
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[Alexander Hamilton]] marries [[Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton]]
* [[December 16]] &ndash; [[Emperor Kōkaku]] accedes to the throne of Japan.
* [[December 20]] &ndash; The [[Fourth Anglo-Dutch War]] begins.<ref>{{cite book|last=Edler|first=Friedrich|title=The Dutch Republic and The American Revolution|orig-year=1911|year=2001|publisher=University Press of the Pacific|location=Honolulu|isbn=0-89875-269-8|pages=163–166}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* Jose Gabriel Kunturkanki, businessman and landowner, proclaims himself Inca [[Túpac Amaru II]].
* The [[Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond|Duke of Richmond]] calls, in the [[House of Lords]] of Great Britain, for manhood suffrage and annual parliaments, which are rejected.
* [[Jeremy Bentham]]'s ''Introduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation'', presenting his formulation of [[utilitarian ethics]], is printed (but not published) in London.
* [[Nikephoros Theotokis]] starts introducing ''[[Edinoverie]]'', an attempt to integrate the [[Old Believers]] into [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russia's established church]].
* The ''[[Woodford Reserve]]'' [[bourbon whiskey]] [[Distillation|distillery]] begins operation in [[Kentucky]].
* In Ireland, Lady Berry, who is sentenced to death for the murder of her son, is released when she agrees to become an [[executioner]] (she retires  in [[1810]]).
* The [[Jameson Irish Whiskey]] distillery is founded in Dublin, Ireland.
* The original [[Craven Cottage]] is built by [[William Craven, 6th Baron Craven]], in London, on what will become the centre circle of [[Fulham F.C.]]'s pitch.
* The amateur dramatic group ''[[Det Dramatiske Selskab]]'' is founded in [[Oslo|Christiania]],  Norway.
* Western countries pay 16,000,000 ounces of silver for Chinese goods.
* The [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] reaches c.9 million population.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:Carl von Clausewitz.PNG|thumb|right|110px|[[Carl von Clausewitz]]]]
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Pierre Jean Robiquet]], French chemist (d. [[1840]])
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Henry Baldwin (judge)|Henry Baldwin]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1844]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hannan |first1=Caryn |title=Connecticut Biographical Dictionary |date=1 January 2008 |publisher=State History Publications |isbn=978-1-878592-59-0 |pages=59–61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pd_ETIlgTxgC&pg=PA59 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 1]] &ndash; [[David Porter (naval officer)|David Porter]], American naval officer (d. [[1843]])
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Mihail G. Boiagi]], Aromanian grammarian and professor (d. uncertain)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rri.ro/ro_ar/mihail_g_boiagi_03021780_1828-2654043|title=Mihail G. Boiagi (03.02.1780 - 1828)|first=Tașcu|last=Lala|publisher=[[Radio Romania International]]|date=2 February 2022|language=rup|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329155306/https://www.rri.ro/ro_ar/mihail_g_boiagi_03021780_1828-2654043|archive-date=29 March 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Richard McCarty (U.S. politician)|Richard McCarty]], American politician (d. [[1844]])
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[John Sumner (bishop)|John Sumner]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[1862]])
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Joseph Ritner]], American politician (d. [[1869]])
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Jørgen Jørgensen]], Danish adventurer (d. [[1841]])
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[William Ellery Channing]], influential American Unitarian theologian and minister (d. [[1842]])
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert]], German naturalist (d. [[1860]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Charles Nodier]], French author (d. [[1844]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[John McKinley]], American politician, [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1852]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Fry]], British humanitarian (d. [[1845]])
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Henri Braconnot]], French chemist, pharmacist (d. [[1855]])
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Carl von Clausewitz]], Prussian military strategist (d. [[1831]])
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Sofia Hjärne]], Finnish baroness, writer (d. [[1860]]) 
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[François Carlo Antommarchi]], French physician (d. [[1838]])
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Emilie Petersen]], Swedish philanthropist (d. [[1859]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Anastasio Bustamante]], 4th [[President of Mexico]] (d. [[1853]])
* [[August 29]]
**[[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres]], French painter (d. [[1867]])
**[[Richard Rush]], [[United States Attorney General]] under [[James Madison]], [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]] under President [[John Quincy Adams]] (d. [[1859]])
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Pauline Bonaparte]], Italian noblewoman (d. [[1825]])
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Ernst Anschütz]], German teacher, organist, poet, and composer (d. [[1861]])
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Ranjit Singh]], Maharaja of The Punjab ([[Sikh Empire]]), (d. [[1839]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhinstitute.org/ranjitsingh/sherepunjab.html|publisher=Institute of Sikh Studies|location=Chandigarh|title=Shere-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839 AD) (A brief account)|access-date=2012-10-10}}</ref>
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner]], German chemist (d. [[1849]])
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Mary Somerville|Mary Fairfax Somerville]], British mathematician (d. [[1872]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[James Justinian Morier]], British diplomat and novelist (d. [[1849]])
* [[Manuela Medina]], Mexican national heroine (d. [[1822]])
* [[Elizabeth Philpot]], British paleontologist  (d. [[1857]])
* [[Jahonotin Uvaysiy]], Uzbek Sufi poet (d. [[1845]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:ThomasHutchinsonByEdwardTruman.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Thomas Hutchinson (governor)|Thomas Hutchinson]]]]
[[File:Sir William Blackstone from NPG.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[William Blackstone]]]]
[[File:Kaiserin Maria Theresia (HRR).jpg|thumb|right|110px|Empress [[Maria Theresa of Austria]]]]
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], Prussian princess (b. [[1722]])
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli]], Swiss agronomist (b. [[1716]])
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Samuel Egerton]], British Member of Parliament (b. [[1711]])
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[William Blackstone]], English jurist (b. [[1723]])
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Andreas Felix von Oefele]], German historian, librarian (b. [[1706]])
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Kristijonas Donelaitis]], Lithuanian poet (b. [[1714]])
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Butchill]], English woman executed for the murder of her newborn child (b. c. [[1758]])
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] (b. [[1713]])
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Ulrika Strömfelt]], Swedish courtier (b. [[1724]])
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Charles Hardy]], British governor of Newfoundland (b. c. [[1714]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Thomas Townshend (MP)]], British politician (b. [[1701]])
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Thomas Hutchinson (governor)|Thomas Hutchinson]], American colonial governor of Massachusetts (b. [[1711]])
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine]], Austrian military leader (b. [[1712]])
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Charles Batteux]], French philosopher (b. [[1713]])
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Gerhard Schøning]], Norwegian historian (b. [[1722]])
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Louis Legrand (theologian)|Louis Legrand]], French Sulpician priest and theologian (b. [[1711]])
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Étienne Bonnot de Condillac]], French philosopher (b. [[1715]])
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Johann de Kalb]], Bavarian-French military officer who served as a major general in the [[Continental Army]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]] (b. [[1721]])
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Jacques-Germain Soufflot]], French architect (b. [[1713]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[John Fielding]], English magistrate, social reformer (b. [[1721]])
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Françoise Basseporte]], French painter (b. [[1701]])
* [[September 8]] 
** [[Enoch Poor]], American Revolutionary general (b. [[1736]])
** [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], French writer (b. [[1711]])
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Jacob Rodrigues Pereira]], academic, first teacher of deaf-mutes in France (b. [[1715]])
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury]], England (b. [[1713]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand]], French salon holder (b. [[1697]])
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[John André]], British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War (executed) (b. [[1750]])
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[William Cookworthy]], English chemist (b. [[1705]])
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[James Steuart (economist)|Sir James Steuart]], Scottish economist (b. [[1712]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir James Steuart Denham, 4th Baronet {{!}} Scottish economist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sir-James-Steuart-Denham-4th-Baronet |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] &ndash; Empress [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] (b. [[1717]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Maria Theresa {{!}} Biography, Facts, Accomplishments, & Children {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maria-Theresa |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=4 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Jakab Fellner]], Hungarian architect (b. [[1722]])
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[John Fothergill (physician)|John Fothergill]], English physician (b. [[1712]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Thomas Dilworth]], British cleric and writer

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Blair's Chronological Tables |author1=John Blair |author-link=John Blair (priest) |author2=J. Willoughby Rosse|location= London |publisher=[[Henry George Bohn|H.G. Bohn]] |year=1856 |via=Hathi Trust |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=695 |chapter=1780 |hdl=2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=695 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1780}}
[[Category:1780| ]]

[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]