Editing 1771

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1771}}
{{Year nav|1771}}
[[File:Chumbunt.png|thumb|250px|[[September 15]]&ndash;[[September 17|17]]:[[Plague Riot]] in Moscow]]
{{C18 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1771}}

== Events ==
=== January&ndash; March ===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; The Great [[Kalmyk people|Kalmyk]] ([[Torghut]]) Migration is led by [[Ubashi Khan]], from the east bank of the Lower [[Volga River]] back to the homeland of [[Dzungaria]], at this time under [[Qing Dynasty]] rule.
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Momozono]] accedes to the throne of [[Tokugawa shogunate|Japan]], following his aunt's abdication.
* [[February 12]] &ndash; Upon the death of [[Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden|Adolf Frederick]], he is succeeded as King of [[Sweden]] by his son [[Gustav III of Sweden|Gustav III]]. At the time, however, Gustav is unaware of this, since he is abroad in Paris. The news of his father's death reaches him about a month later.
* [[March]] &ndash; [[War of the Regulation]]: [[Royal Colony of North Carolina|North Carolina]] Governor [[William Tryon]] raises a militia, to put down the long-running uprising of backcountry militias against North Carolina's colonial government.
* [[March 12]] &ndash; The [[North Carolina General Assembly]] establishes [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]] (named for [[Margaret Wake (North Carolina)|Margaret Wake]], the wife of North Carolina Royal Governor [[William Tryon]]) from portions of [[Cumberland County, North Carolina|Cumberland]], [[Johnston County, North Carolina|Johnston]] and [[Orange County, North Carolina|Orange]] counties.  Bloomsbury (later known as Wake Courthouse) is made the informal county seat.
* [[March 15]] &ndash; The [[Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers]] first meets in London, the world's oldest engineering society.<ref>{{cite book|last=Watson|first=Garth|title=The Smeatonians: The Society of Civil Engineers|publisher=Thomas Telford|year=1989|location=London|isbn=0-7277-1526-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Roberts|first=Gwilym|title=From Kendal's Coffee House to Great George Street|publisher=Thomas Telford|year=1995|location=London|isbn=0-7277-2022-8}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 4]] &ndash; The first quarantines are started in [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg]] to fight the [[1770–1772 Russian plague|bubonic plague epidemic]].  Over the next 12 months, more than 52,000 people die from the plague in Moscow alone.<ref>John T. Alexander, ''Bubonic Plague in Early Modern Russia: Public Health and Urban Disaster'' (Oxford University Press, 2002) p150, p257</ref>
* [[May]] &ndash; [[Three battles of Sarbakusa]]: An alliance of three of the most powerful aristocrats of [[Ethiopia]] (Goshu of Amhara, [[Wand Bewossen]], and Fasil of Damot) defeats ''[[Ras (title)|Ras]]'' [[Mikael Sehul]] and Emperor [[Tekle Haymanot II]], taking control of Ethiopia.
* [[May 11]] &ndash; War of the Regulation: North Carolina Governor William Tryon marches his military out of [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough]], to come to the aid of General Hugh Waddell's beleaguered forces.  Tryon's army stops at Alamance Creek, {{convert|5|mi|km}} away from the Regulator army.
* [[May 16]] &ndash; War of the Regulation &ndash; [[Battle of Alamance]]: Regulators reject an appeal by Governor Tryon to peacefully disperse. Governor Tryon's forces crush the rebellion, causing many Regulators to move to frontier areas outside of North Carolina.
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lanckorona]]: A force of 4,000 [[Russian Empire|Russia]]ns under [[Alexander Suvorov]] defeat a [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish]] formation of 1,300 men.
* [[June 11]] — The [[Society of Gentlemen Supporters of the Bill of Rights]] meets in the London Tavern and changes its platform to a comprehensive program for British parliamentary reform in advance of the next election.<ref>Ian R. Christie, ''Myth and Reality in Late-eighteenth-century British Politics: And Other Papers'' (University of California Press, 1970) pp244-245</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The [[first voyage of James Cook]] around the world ends as [[HMS Endeavour|HMS ''Endeavour'']] returns to England after almost three years.
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)]]: Russian forces occupy the [[Crimea]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ukraine.html|work=World Statesmen|year=2000|access-date=2011-11-01}}</ref> under Prince Vasily Dolgorukov.
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Bloody Falls massacre]]: [[Chipewyan]] chief [[Matonabbee]], traveling as the guide to [[Samuel Hearne]] on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting [[Inuit]].
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The first recorded town cricket match is played, at [[Horsham]], England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Horsham Cricket Club History |url=http://www.horshamcc.com/history/default.aspx |publisher=Horsham Cricket Club |access-date=2011-11-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226000855/http://www.horshamcc.com/history/default.aspx |archive-date=February 26, 2012 }}</ref>
* [[September 8]] &ndash; In [[California]], Fathers Pedro Cambon and Angel Somera found [[Mission Vieja]], later called, [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]], in what is now [[San Gabriel, California]].
* [[September 15]]&ndash;[[September 17|17]] &ndash; The [[Moscow plague riot of 1771|Moscow plague riot]] results from an outbreak of [[bubonic plague]], which kills 57,000.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 9]] &ndash; The [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] merchant ship ''[[Vrouw Maria]]'' sinks off the coast of Finland; Captain Raymund Lourens and his crew escape unharmed.
* [[October 17]] &ndash; The opera ''[[Ascanio in Alba]]'' by [[Wolfgang Mozart]], age 15, premieres in [[Milan]].
* [[November 3]] &ndash; Siamese conquest of Ha Tien ends the [[Taksin's reunification of Siam|Siamese civil war of 1767-71]]. 
* [[November 16]] &ndash; During the night the [[River Tyne]], England, floods, destroying many bridges and killing several people; the replacement main bridge at [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] will not be completed until [[1781]].
* [[December 3]] &ndash; The cause of action in [[Sommersett's Case]], which eventually leads to the end of slavery in Great Britain, begins when escaped slave James Somerset is found imprisoned on the ship ''Ann and Mary''.<ref>Gerald Horne, ''The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America'' (NYU Press, 2014) p210</ref> 
* [[December 31]] &ndash; Men, women and children of the [[Choctaw]] and [[Chickasaw]] tribes begin a 23-day encampment at [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], part of the British colony of [[West Florida]], at the invitation of British Southern Indian superintendent John Stuart, as their leaders negotiate a treaty.<ref>Richmond F. Brown, ''Coastal Encounters: The Transformation of the Gulf South in the Eighteenth Century'' (University of Nebraska Press, 2007) pp59-62</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The territory of [[Baden-Baden]] is inherited by [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden|Charles Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach]], [[Margraviate of Baden#Reunification|reunifying the territories of Baden]].
* The trade monopoly with [[Iceland]] is transferred to the Danish crown.
* The North Carolina General Assembly passes an act establishing the town of [[Martinsborough, North Carolina|Martinsborough]], named for Royal Governor [[Josiah Martin]], on the land of Richard Evans, which will serve as the [[county seat|seat]] of [[Pitt County, North Carolina|Pitt County]].
* Construction of the [[Putuo Zongcheng Temple]] complex in [[Chengde]], China is completed during the reign of the [[Qianlong Emperor]].
* [[Limoges porcelain]] manufacture is established in France.
* [[Slovene literature]]: [[István Küzmics]], the [[Hungarian Slovenes|Hungarian Slovene]] writer and [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] pastor, publishes (in [[Halle (Saale)|Halle]]) the ''[[Nouvi Zákon]]'', a translation of the [[New Testament]] into the [[Prekmurje Slovene]] language, with discrete [[South Slavs|South Slavic]] artwork.

== Births ==
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Hanne Tott]], Danish circus artist, circus manager (d. [[1826]])
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Antoine-Jean Gros]], French painter (d. [[1835]])
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Clauren]], German author (d. [[1854]])
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Germanos III of Old Patras]], Greek Metropolitan Bishop of [[Patras]] (d. [[1826]])
* [[April 3]] – [[Hans Nielsen Hauge]], Norwegian revivalist, entrepreneur (d. [[1824]])
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Richard Trevithick]], English inventor (d. [[1833]])
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg]], Austrian field marshal (d. [[1820]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Jean Rapp]], French general (d. [[1821]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Cajsa Wahllund]], Finnish restaurateur (d. [[1843]])
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Laskarina Bouboulina]], Greek independence heroine (d. [[1825]])
[[File:Portrait of Robert Owen.png|thumb|right|110px|[[Robert Owen]]]]
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Robert Owen]], Welsh social reformer (d. [[1858]])
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[Louis Henri Loison]], French general (d. [[1816]])
[[File:Ernest Augustus I of Hanover.PNG|thumb|right|110px|[[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover]]]]
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover]] (d. [[1851]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Éleuthère Irénée du Pont]], French-American chemist, industrialist (d. [[1834]]) 
* [[August 15]] &ndash; Sir [[Walter Scott]], [[List of Scottish novelists|Scottish novelist]], poet (d. [[1832]])<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edinburgh University Library  |title=Homes of Sir Walter Scott |url=http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/biography/homes.html |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Library]] |date=22 October 2004 |access-date=21 October 2021 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles of Austria]], Austrian general, statesman (d. [[1847]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Mungo Park (explorer)|Mungo Park]], Scottish explorer (d. [[1806]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Park | first = Mungo | title = Travels in the interior districts of Africa | publisher = Wordsworth | location = Ware | year = 2002 | isbn = 9781840226010 | page=viii|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Johann August Apel]], German writer, jurist (d. [[1816]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Emperor Kōkaku]] of Japan (d. [[1840]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] (d. [[1815]])
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Jean-Andoche Junot]], French general (d. [[1813]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Xavier Bichat]], French anatomist and pathologist (d. [[1802]])
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[Regina von Siebold]], German physician and [[obstetrician]] (d. [[1849]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[William Johnson (judge)|William Johnson]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1834]])
* Unknown &ndash; [[William Lloyd (Methodist minister)|William Lloyd]], Welsh Anglican priest turned schoolteacher and Methodist preacher (d. [[1841]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:RevSamuelPhillips2.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Samuel Phillips (reverend)|Rev. Samuel Phillips]]]]
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford]], British statesman (b. [[1710]])
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens]], French writer (b. [[1704]])
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Jean Charles de Saint-Nectaire]], French general (b. [[1685]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden]] (b. [[1710]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan]], French geophysicist (b. [[1678]])
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Louis August le Clerc]], French-born sculptor (b. [[1688]])
* [[March 20]] – [[Louis-Michel van Loo]], French painter (b. [[1707]])
[[File:Christopher Smart.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Christopher Smart]]]]
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Christopher Smart]], English poet (b. [[1722]])
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury]], English philanthropist (b. [[1711]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Landgraf | first = Annette | title = The Cambridge Handel encyclopedia | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge New York | year = 2009 | isbn = 9780521881920 | page=586}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Samuel Phillips (reverend)]], colonial American minister, 1st Pastor of the [[South Church, Andover, Massachusetts|South Church]] in [[Andover, Massachusetts|Andover]] (b. [[1690]])
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax]], English statesman (b. [[1716]])
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Chen Hongmou]], Chinese scholar and philosopher (b. [[1696]])
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[William Whitmore (British Army officer)]], British general (b. [[1714]])
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Thomas Gray]], English writer (b. [[1716]])
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[John Gambold]], British bishop (b. [[1711]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Tobias Smollett]], Scottish novelist (b. [[1721]])<ref>{{Cite news |last=MacPherson |first=Hamish |date=14 March 2021 |title=Back in the Day - Pioneering novelist who turned to writing after falling on hard times |page=11 |work=The National - Seven Days |url=https://www.thenational.scot/ |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref>
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Charles-Nicolas d'Oultremont]], Roman Catholic bishop (b. [[1716]])
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Charles Lucas (politician)]], Irish apothecary (b. [[1713]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[John Bevis]], English physician, astronomer (b. [[1695]])
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Konrad Ernst Ackermann]], German actor (b. [[1712]])
[[File:Giambattista morgagni.gif|thumb|right|110px|[[Giovanni Battista Morgagni]]]]
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Battista Morgagni]], Italian anatomist (b. [[1682]])
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[Marie-Marguerite d'Youville]], Canadian saint (b. [[1701]])
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Claude Adrien Helvétius]], French philosopher (b. [[1715]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Henri Pitot]], Italian-born French engineer (b. [[1695]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Blair's Chronological Tables |author1=John Blair |author-link=John Blair (priest) |author2=J. Willoughby Rosse|location= London |publisher=[[Henry George Bohn|H.G. Bohn]] |year=1856 |via=Hathi Trust |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=685 |chapter=1771 |hdl=2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=685 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1771}}
[[Category:1771| ]]