Editing 1762

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1762}}
{{Year nav|1762}}
[[File:The Piazza at Havana RMG BHC0418.tiff|thumb|250px|[[August 13]]: British troops [[Siege of Havana|storm Havana]] on the island of Cuba and occupy the Spanish city.(shown:''[[The Piazza at Havana]]'' by [[Dominic Serres]].) ]]
{{C18 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1762}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[Seven Years' War]]: [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]] declares war against [[Enlightenment in Spain|Spain]] and [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]], following their [[Treaty of Paris (1761)|recent alliance]] with France.
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth of Russia|Empress Elisabeth]] of [[Russian Empire|Russia]] dies, and is succeeded by her nephew [[Peter III of Russia|Peter III]]. Peter, an admirer of [[Frederick the Great]], immediately opens peace negotiations with the [[Prussia]]ns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1762 |title=Historical Events for Year 1762 &#124; OnThisDay.com |website=Historyorb.com |date=October 6, 1762 |access-date=2018-04-04}}</ref>
*[[January 16]] &ndash; British forces under [[Robert Monckton]] land on the French island of [[Martinique]] in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>Greentree, David. ''A Far-Flung Gamble: Havana 1762''. Osprey, 2010. p.16</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The [[Sikh holocaust of 1762|Great Holocaust]] of the [[Sikh]]s is carried out by the forces of [[Ahmed Shah Abdali]] in [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]]. In all, around 30,000 men, women and children perish in this campaign of slaughter.
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Invasion of Martinique (1762)]]: French forces on Martinique surrender to the British.<ref>Greentree p.17</ref> The island is subsequently returned to France, as part of the Peace of Paris.
* [[March 5]] &ndash; A [[Royal Navy]] fleet with 16,000 men departs Britain from [[Spithead]] and sets sail toward Cuba in order to seize strategic Spanish Empire possessions in the Americas.<ref name=Hull>Christopher Hull, ''British Diplomacy and US Hegemony in Cuba, 1898–1964'' (Springer, 2013)</ref>
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Jean Calas]], a 68 year old French merchant convicted unjustly of murdering his son because of religious differences, is brutally executed on orders of the [[Parlement of Toulouse]]. After his legs and hips are broken and crushed, Calas is tortured on the [[breaking wheel]] (''la roue''), to remain "in pain and repentance for his crimes and misdeeds, for as long as it shall please God to keep him alive."<ref>Ronald Schechter, ''A Genealogy of Terror in Eighteenth-Century France'' (University of Chicago Press, 2018) p. 64</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; The first [[Saint Patrick's Day in the United States#New York City|Saint Patrick's Day Parade in New York City]] takes place in lower Manhattan, inaugurating an annual tradition; the Ancient Order of the Hibernians organization later becomes the sponsor of the event, which attracts as many a 300,000 marchers in some years.<ref>Alison Fortier, ''A History Lover's Guide to New York City'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2016) p. 135</ref>
* [[March 20]] &ndash; Innovative publisher Samuel Farley launches the weekly newspaper ''The American Chronicle'', the seventh in New York City.<ref>James Melvin Lee, ''History of American Journalism'' (Houghton Mifflin, 1917) p. 66</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; A [[1762 Arakan earthquake|powerful earthquake]] along the border between modern-day [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]] causes a [[tsunami]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]] that kills at least 200 people.<ref>Anjan Kundu, ''Tsunami and Nonlinear Waves'' (Springer, 2007) p. 299</ref>
* [[April 5]] &ndash; France issues a new ordinance requiring all black and mixed-race Frenchmen to register their identity information with the offices of the Admiralty Court, upon the advice of Guillaume Poncet de la Grave, adviser to [[Louis XV of France|King Louis XV]]. The new rule, which requires both free and enslaved blacks and mulattoes to list data including their age, surname, purpose for which they are residing in France, whether they have been baptized as Christians, where they emigrated from in Africa and the name of the ship upon which they arrived. Previously, the Declaration of 1738 required slave-owners to register their slaves, but placed no requirement on free people.<ref>Sue Peabody, ''"There are No Slaves in France": The Political Culture of Race and Slavery in the Ancien Régime'' (Oxford University Press, 1996) pp. 73–75</ref>
* [[May 5]] (April 24 O.S.) &ndash; The [[Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)|Treaty of Saint Petersburg]] ends the war between [[Russian Empire|Russia]] and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], and returns all of Russia's territorial conquests to the Prussians.<ref name=Ward>A. W. Ward, et al., eds., ''The Cambridge Modern History, Volume 6: The Eighteenth Century'' (The Macmillan Company, 1909) p. 298</ref> 
* [[May 22]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Hamburg (1762)|Treaty of Hamburg]] takes Sweden out of the war against Prussia.<ref name=Ward/> 
* [[May 26]] &ndash; Dissatisfied with the progress of the [[French and Indian War]], King George III dismisses his Prime Minister, the [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Duke of Newcastle]], and replaces him with his former tutor, Tory politician [[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute]].  The Bute ministry lasts less than a year before Stuart's resignation in 1763.
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Marco Foscarini]] becomes the new [[Doge of Venice|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Venice]] after the death of [[Francesco Loredan]], who had administered the Republic for 10 years.
* [[June 8]] &ndash; Cherokee Indian war chief [[Ostenaco]] and his two aides, Standing Turkey (Cunneshote) and Pouting Pigeon, are received by King George III. They had arrived three days earlier at Plymouth on the British frigate ''Epreuvre'' as guests of the [[Timberlake Expedition]] of [[Henry Timberlake]], to discuss terms of peace with the British government.<ref>William R. Reynolds, Jr., ''The Cherokee Struggle to Maintain Identity in the 17th and 18th Centuries'' (McFarland, 2015) p. 108</ref>
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Wilhelmsthal]]: The Anglo-Hanoverian army of [[Ferdinand of Brunswick]] defeats the French forces in Westphalia. The British commander [[John Manners, Marquess of Granby|Lord Granby]] distinguishes himself.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]] becomes empress of Russia after planning the overthrow of her husband, the Tsar Peter III. The incipient Russo-Prussian alliance falls apart, but Russia does not rejoin the war. Peter is strangled eight days later.
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Battle of Burkersdorf (1762)|Battle of Burkersdorf]]: In his last major battle, Frederick defeats [[Count Leopold Joseph von Daun|Marshal Daun]] in [[Silesia]].
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Seven Years' War]]: The [[Battle of Havana (1762)|Battle of Havana]] concludes after more than two months, with the surrender of [[Havana]] by Spain to Great Britain.
*[[August 21]] &ndash; King [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]] of Gorkha conquers Makwanpur.
  
* [[September 15]]
** [[French and Indian War]]: [[Battle of Signal Hill]] &ndash; British troops defeat the French in the last battle of the North American theatre of the [[Seven Years' War]], fought in the [[Newfoundland Colony]].
** [[Empress Go-Sakuramachi]] succeeds to the throne of [[Tokugawa shogunate|Japan]] upon the death of her brother, the [[Emperor Momozono]]. She reigns for eight years before abdicating on January 9, 1771. She was the last empress regnant of Japan up to this day.
* [[September 24]]&ndash;[[October 6]] &ndash; [[Battle of Manila (1762)|Battle of Manila]]: Troops of the [[British East India Company]] take [[Manila]] from the Spanish, leading to the [[British occupation of Manila]] and its being made an open port.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Orfeo ed Euridice]] by [[Cristoph Willibald Gluck]] was given its first performance. 
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Siege of Schweidnitz (1762)|Siege of Schweidnitz]] in [[Silesia]]. Prussia takes the strategic fortress from Austria. 
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[Battle of Freiberg]]: [[Prince Henry of Prussia (1726–1802)|Prince Henry of Prussia]], Frederick's brother, defeats the [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]]n army of Marshal Serbelloni.
* [[November 13]] &ndash; In the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]], [[Louis XV of France]] secretly cedes [[Louisiana (New France)]] to [[Charles III of Spain]] to compensate his ally for territorial losses to Britain. 
* [[December 4]] &ndash; Less than six months after becoming Russia's Empress, [[Catherine the Great]] announces that almost all foreigners are welcome to travel to and settle in Russia, and waives previous requirements that new residents must be members of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]; however, the manifesto adds the phrase ''{{Transliteration|ru|kromye Zhydov}}'' - "except the Jews".<ref>S. M. Dubnow and I. Friedlander, ''History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day'' (Jewish Publication Society of America, 1916) p. 260</ref>
* [[December 22]] &ndash; Catherine follows the waiver of religious requirement for Russian immigration with a 190-word invitation, translated into various European languages, that invites Europeans to build settlements along [[Arable land|arable]], but undeveloped, land in southern Russia along the [[Volga River]]; when the invitation attracts little notice, she follows on July 22 with a longer manifesto promising free travel expenses and a written guarantee of rights.<ref>Bruce F. Pauley, ''Pioneering History on Two Continents: An Autobiography'' (Potomac Books, 2014) p. 2</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Louis XV]] orders the construction of the [[Petit Trianon]], in the park of the [[Palace of Versailles]], for his mistress [[Madame de Pompadour]].
* [[Neolin]], a [[Lenape]] prophet, begins to preach in America.
* The [[North Carolina General Assembly]] incorporates Kingston, named for King [[George III of the United Kingdom]], as the county seat of [[Dobbs County, North Carolina|Dobbs County]], [[Royal Colony of North Carolina|North Carolina]]. The name is later shortened to [[Kinston, North Carolina|Kinston]] in [[1784]].
* The town of [[Charlottesville, Virginia]] is founded.
* The [[Plymouth Synagogue]] is built in [[Plymouth]], England, the oldest built by [[Ashkenazi Jews]] in the English-speaking world.
* Philosopher [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]'s ''[[The Social Contract]] (Du Contrat social, ou Principes du droit politique)'' and ''[[Emile, or On Education]] (Émile, ou De l’éducation)'' are published in Amsterdam and The Hague respectively. In Rousseau's native Republic of [[Geneva]] they are publicly burned and prohibited in Paris.
* [[James Stuart (1713–1788)|James Stuart]] and [[Nicholas Revett]]'s architectural treatise ''Antiquities of Athens'' is published.
* ''[[Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya]]'' is finished by [[Paisius of Hilendar]].</onlyinclude>
* Approximate date of the foundation of [[Zubarah]] on the northwestern shore of the Qatari Peninsula, by Shaikh Mohamed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, who assumes the chieftainship of the city state and gains authority over the Arab tribes in the area.

== Births ==
[[File:Johann Gottlieb Fichte.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]]]
[[File:George IV 1821 color.jpg|thumb|110px|[[George IV of the United Kingdom]]]]
[[File:Spencer PercevalCE.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Spencer Perceval]], British Prime Minister [[Assassination of Spencer Perceval|assassinated in 1812]].]]
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Molly Morgan]], British convict and settler in Australia (d. [[1835]])
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Johan Herman Schützercrantz]], Swedish admiral 
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[John Cooke (Royal Navy officer)|John Cooke]], English captain (d. [[1805]])
* [[March 11]]  &ndash; [[Robert Gray (bishop of Bristol)|Robert Gray]], British bishop (d. [[1834]])
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[William Robert Broughton]], British explorer (d. [[1821]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan]], French marshal (d. [[1833]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[William Hargood]], British admiral (d. [[1839]])
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]], German philosopher (d. [[1814]])
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Eyre Coote (British Army officer, born 1762)|Eyre Coote]], Irish soldier and politician (d. [[1823]])
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst]], British politician (d. [[1834]])
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Bushrod Washington]], American politician and [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1829]])
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Alexander Macdonell (bishop of Kingston)|Alexander Macdonell]], Scottish bishop in Canada (d. [[1840]])
* [[August 12]]
** King [[George IV of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1830]])
** [[Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland]], German physician (d. [[1836]])
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Théroigne de Méricourt]], French revolutionary (d. [[1817]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Joanna Baillie]], Scottish writer (d. [[1851]])
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Anton Bernolák]], Slovak linguist (d. [[1813]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Charles de Suremain]], French military and diplomat (d. [[1835]]) 
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Jan Willem Janssens]], [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies]] (d. [[1838]])
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Paul Hamilton (politician)|Paul Hamilton]], American politician (d. [[1816]])
* [[October 21]] 
** [[George Colman the Younger]], British playwright (d. [[1836]])
**  [[Herman Willem Daendels]], governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (d. [[1818]])
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Samuel Morey]], American inventor (d. [[1843]])
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[André Chénier]], French writer (d. [[1794]])
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Spencer Perceval]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1812]])
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet]], British admiral (d. [[1814]])
* November &ndash; [[Manuel Torres (diplomat)|Manuel Torres]], first Colombian ambassador to the United States (d. [[1822]])
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby]], British politician  (d. [[1847]])
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Michael Kelly (tenor)|Michael Kelly]], Irish composer and singer (d. [[1826]])

===Date unknown===
* [[Andrew Hay (British Army officer)|Andrew Hay]], British general  (d. [[1814]])
* [[Birgithe Kühle]], Norwegian journalist (d. [[1832]])
* [[Natalia Shelikhova]], Russian business person (d. [[1810]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Elizabeth of Russia by V.Eriksen.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Elizabeth of Russia]]]]
[[File:Coronation portrait of Peter III of Russia -1761.JPG|thumb|right|110px|[[Peter III of Russia]], nephew of Elizabeth.]]
* [[January 5]] &ndash; Empress [[Elizabeth of Russia]] (b. [[1709]])
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Manuel de Montiano]], Spanish colonial administrator (b. [[1685]])
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Louis-François Roubiliac]], French sculptor (b. [[1695]])
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Johann Tobias Krebs]], German composer (b. [[1690]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Laurent Belissen]], French composer (b. [[1693]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Tobias Mayer]], German astronomer (b. [[1723]])
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Johannes Zick]], German fresco painter (b. [[1702]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy]] of Hungary (b. [[1711]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille]], French astronomer (b. [[1713]])
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Germain Louis Chauvelin]], French politician (b. [[1685]])
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł]], Polish-Lithuanian noble (b. [[1702]])
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Francesco Loredan]], doge of Venice (b. [[1685]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Alexander Joseph Sulkowski]], Polish and Saxon general (b. [[1695]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten]], German philosopher (b. [[1714]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Dorothea Erxleben]], German physician (b. [[1715]])
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon]], French writer (b. [[1674]])
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Johann Ernst Eberlin]], German composer (b. [[1702]])
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Luise Gottsched]], German poet, playwright, essayist and translator (b. [[1713]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Prince Sado]], son of [[Yeongjo of Joseon]] (b. [[1735]])
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[James Bradley]], English [[Astronomer Royal]] (b. [[1693]])
* [[July 17]] &ndash; Emperor [[Peter III of Russia]] (b. [[1728]])
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe]], English politician (b. [[1691]])
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla]], Royal Spanish Navy sailor, commander (b. [[1711]])
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Shah Waliullah]], Islamic reformer (b. [[1703]])
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Lady Mary Wortley Montagu]], English writer (b. [[1689]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Emperor Momozono]] of Japan (b. [[1741]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland]], British politician (b. [[1685]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Francesco Geminiani]], Italian composer (b. [[1687]])
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[John Olmius, 1st Baron Waltham]] of Ireland (b. [[1711]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Francesco Manfredini]], Italian composer (b. [[1684]])
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[John Boyle, 5th Earl of Cork]], Irish writer (b. [[1707]])
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Lord Robert Manners-Sutton]], British politician (b. [[1722]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[William Moraley]], English-American indentured servant and autobiographer (b. [[1698]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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