Editing 1742

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1742}}
{{Year nav|1742}}
[[File:Juan Santos Atahualpa 1747 Quimiri.jpg|300px|thumb|[[May]]: [[Juan Santos Atahualpa]] leads an uprising against the Spanish colonial government in Peru as Atahualpa II.]] 
{{C18 year in topic}}
[[File:Musick-hall-dublin.jpg|thumb|right|[[April 13]]:[[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]'' is performed for the first time.]]
{{Year article header|1742}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Robert Walpole]] is made [[Earl of Orford]], and resigns as [[First Lord of the Treasury]] and [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], effectively ending his period as [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology309">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/309|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/309 309]}}</ref> On his formally relinquishing office five days later, he will have served 20 years and 314 days as Prime Minister, the longest single term ever, and also longer than the accumulated terms of any other British Prime Minister.
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Edmond Halley]] dies; [[James Bradley]] succeeds him as [[Astronomer Royal]] of Great Britain.
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VII]] becomes [[Holy Roman Emperor]].
* [[January 28]]? &ndash; The [[House of Commons of Great Britain]] votes on the alleged rigging of the [[Chippenham (UK Parliament constituency)|Chippenham]] by-election.<ref>R. B. Mowat, ''A New History of Great Britain: From the accession of James I to the Congress of Vienna'' (Oxford University Press, 1922) p464</ref> It becomes a [[motion of no confidence]], which leads to the resignation of [[Robert Walpole]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6524943.stm|title=A dozen Downing Street departures|access-date=2007-07-14|work=BBC News|date=2007-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823143353/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6524943.stm |archive-date=August 23, 2007<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[John Carteret, 2nd Lord Carteret]] becomes [[Secretary of State for the Northern Department]] in Great Britain.
* [[February 15]]— [[First Silesian War]], part of [[War of the Austrian Succession]]: Troops of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], Saxony and France, under the command of Prince Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau,  capture the Moravian town of Iglau (now [[Jihlava]]). At this point, the Saxons and French declare that their obligations to Prussia have ceased.<ref>Thomas Carlyle, ''History of Friedrich II of Prussia, called Frederick the Great'', Vol. 15 (1865, reprinted by Charles Scribner's Sons, 1903) p319</ref>
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington|Spencer Compton]], Earl of Wilmington, becomes [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]].
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Henry Fielding]] publishes his [[picaresque novel]] ''[[Joseph Andrews]]'' anonymously in London when "the first edition... reached the bookstalls" in the city.<ref>"Appendix E: History of the Publication", by Paul A. Scanlon in ''Joseph Andrews'', by Henry Fielding (Broadview Press, 2001) p504</ref>
* [[March 15]]
** [[Denmark-Norway]] concludes a treaty of friendship with France, a day after the expiration of its 1739 treaty with Great Britain.<ref>''International Military Alliances, 1648-2008'', ed. by Douglas M. Gibler (Congressional Quarterly Press, 2008) pp. 88, 105.</ref>
** The [[Verendrye brothers' journey to the Rocky Mountains|Verendrye brothers]] take possession of South Dakota in the name of the King of France <ref>Doane Robinson, ''History of South Dakota'' (B. F. Bowen & Company, 1904) p53</ref>
* [[March 29]] &ndash; Acting in his capacity of [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Grand Duke of Lithuania]], Poland's King [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]] issues a proclamation allowing [[History of the Jews in Lithuania|Jews]] in the Lithuanian capital of [[Vilnius]] to live anywhere except for two public streets, the Pilies street and the Galves Street.<ref>"The Jewish living space in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: tendencies and ways of its formation", by Jurgita Šiaučiūnaitė-Verbickienė, in ''Jewish Space in Central and Eastern Europe: Day-to-Day History'' (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009) p24</ref>

=== April &ndash;June ===
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[George Frideric Handel]]'s oratorio ''[[Messiah (Handel)|The Messiah]]'' is first performed, in [[Dublin]], [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]] in aid of local charities.
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Battle of Chotusitz]]: [[Frederick the Great]]'s army defeats the [[Austria|Austrians]]. 
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[War of the Austrian Succession]] &ndash; [[Battle of Sahay]]: French forces defeat the Austrians.
* [[May]] &ndash; In [[Peru]], [[Juan Santos Atahualpa|Juan Santos]] takes the name Atahualpa II, and begins an ill-fated rebellion against [[Spain|Spanish]] rule. Father Domingo Garcia sends the first report of the rebellion to his superiors on June 2.<ref>''Colonial Latin America: A Documentary History'', ed. by Kenneth Mills, et al. (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002) p302</ref>
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Christian Goldbach]] first describes [[Goldbach's conjecture]] ("Every even number is the sum of two primes") in a letter to fellow mathematician [[Leonhard Euler]].<ref>"Goldbach's Conjectures: A Historical Perspective", by Robert C. Vaughan, in ''Open Problems in Mathematics'', ed. by John Forbes Nash, Jr. and Michael Th. Rassias. Springer, 2016) p479</ref>
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Peace of Breslau]]: Austria cedes [[Silesia]] to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]].
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[İzmir]], formerly the ancient Greek city of [[Smyrna]], is destroyed by fire.<ref>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p50</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[War of Jenkins' Ear]]: [[Battle of Bloody Marsh]] &ndash; British troops repel those of [[Spain]] (under Montiano), in the [[Province of Georgia]].
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath|William Pulteney]] is created 1st [[Earl of Bath]] in Great Britain.
* [[August 17]]
**Accompanied by 10 French Army observers, Choctaw Indians from the French Louisiana territory cross the Tombigbee River and raid Chickasaw Indian towns in Georgia.<ref>Edward J. Cashin, ''Guardians of the Valley: Chickasaws in Colonial South Carolina and Georgia'' (University of South Carolina Press, 2009) p57</ref> Over three days, the attackers lose 50 men, the Chickasaw defenders about 25.  For permitting the attack, the French Louisiana governor, the Sieur de Bienville, is summoned back to Paris. 
**Irish author and poet Dean [[Jonathan Swift]] is declared by a court to be "of unsound mind and memory" and confined to home treatment for the remaining three years of his life.<ref>"Swift, Jonathan", by Donald C. Mell, in ''Macmillan Dictionary of Irish Literature'', ed. by Robert Hogan (Macmillan, 2016) p652</ref>
* [[August 19]]
**A British fleet led by Commodore [[William Martin (Royal Navy officer)|William Martin]] enters the harbor of Naples with three warships, two frigates, and four bomb vessels, and sends a message giving the [[Charles III of Spain|King Charles VII of Naples]] (the future King Charles III of Spain) 30 minutes to agree to withdraw Neapolitan troops from the Spanish Army.  Don Carlos agrees and ends the threat of a Spanish foothold in Italy.<ref>I. S. Leadam, ''The Political History of England: The history of England from the accession of Anne to the death of George II, 1702-1760'' (Longmans, Green and Co., 1909) p372</ref>
**[[Voltaire]]'s controversial play ''Fanatacism, or Mahomet the Prophet'' is first performed, in Paris, to a theatre audience filled with French nobility.<ref>S. G. Tallentyre, ''The Life of Voltaire'', Volume 1 (G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1910) p141.</ref>  
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The [[Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)|Swedish-Russian War]] effectively ends as 17,000 Swedish troops surrender in [[Finland]] at Helsingfors ([[Helsinki]]).<ref>"Russo-Swedish War of 1741–43", in ''Dictionary of Wars'', by George Childs Kohn (Routledge, 2013) p420</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[George Anson, 1st Baron Anson|George Anson]], captain of [[HMS Centurion (1732)|HMS ''Centurion'']], arrives with his seriously ill crew at the island of [[Tinian]] (now U.S. territory as one of the [[Northern Mariana Islands]] and saves his mission.  <ref>"Anson, George", by Keith A. Parker, in ''Historical Dictionary of the British Empire'', ed. by James S. Olson and Robert Shadle (Greenwood Publishing, 1996) p68</ref>
* [[September 5]] &ndash; The 46 survivors of Russia's [[Great Northern Expedition]] return to Petropavlovsk after having been shipwrecked on an island in the [[Bering Strait]] ten months earlier.  They had completed the building of a new ship from the wreckage of the ''St Pyotr'' on August 21. <ref>Edward Heawood, "A History of Geographical Discovery in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries" (Cambridge University Press, 
CUP Archive, 1912) p267</ref>
* [[September 16]] &ndash; Construction starts on the [[Foundling Hospital]] in [[London]]. <ref>''An Account of the Foundling Hospital in London, for the Maintenance and Education of Exposed and Deserted Young Children'' (Foundling Hospital, 1826) p20</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]]
**Pedro Cebrian y Agustin, Count of Fuenclara, arrives at Veracruz to become the new Spanish [[Viceroy of New Spain]].<ref>Lorenzo Boturini Benaduci, ''Idea of a New General History of North America: An Account of Colonial Native Mexico'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 2015) p6 </ref>
**[[Pennsylvania]]'s Colonial Governor [[Sir George Thomas, 1st Baronet|George Thomas]] bars citizens from settling in Lancaster County, or west of the Blue Mountains.<ref>Lois Mulkearn, ed., ''George Mercer Papers: Relating to the Ohio Company of Virginia'' (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1954) p657</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; The [[Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters]] is founded. 
* [[December 2]] &ndash; The ''[[Pennsylvania Journal]]'' first appears in the United States.

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Lopukhina Conspiracy]] arises at the Russian court.
* The [[Afghan people|Afghan]] tribes unite as a monarchy.
* [[Daniel le Pelley]] succeeds [[Nicolas le Pelley]], as Seigneur of [[Sark]].
* [[Molde (town)|Molde]], [[Norway]], becomes a city.
* [[Eisenach, Germany]] builds its ''Stadtschloss'' (city castle).
* Spain completes the construction of [[Fort Matanzas]] in the [[Matanzas Inlet]], approximately {{convert|15|mi|km}} south of [[St. Augustine, Florida]].
* The [[University of Erlangen]] is founded in Bavaria.
* [[Anders Celsius]] publishes his proposal for a [[Celsius|centigrade]] temperature scale originated in [[1741]].
* [[Colin Maclaurin]] publishes his ''Treatise on Fluxions''.
* [[Charles Jervas]]'s English translation of ''[[Don Quixote]]'' is published posthumously. Through a printer's error, the translator's name is printed as 'Charles Jarvis', leading the book to forever be known as ''the Jarvis translation''. It is acclaimed as the most faithful English rendering of the novel made up to this time.
* The Roman Catholic church decrees that Roman ceremonial practice in Latin (not in Chinese) is to be the law for Chinese missions.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Philip Astley]], English circus organizer (d. [[1814]])
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Michael Anckarsvärd]], Swedish politician (d. [[1838]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Sampson Salter Blowers]], American lawyer, jurist (d. [[1842]])
[[File:MohammadKhanQajari.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar]]]]
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar]], Iranian king (d. [[1797]])
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Aletta Haniel]], German business person (d. [[1815]])
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Henry Dundas]], British statesman (d. [[1811]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Jean Senebier]], Swiss pastor, botanist (d. [[1809]])
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Johann Schweighäuser]], German classical scholar (d. [[1830]])
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Arthur Middleton]], American politician (d. [[1787]])
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[William Hooper]], American statesman (d. [[1790]])
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[John Cleves Symmes]], American statesman (d. [[1814]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Nathanael Greene]], American general (d. [[1786]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius VII]] (b. Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti), Italian Benedictine (d. [[1823]])
[[File:JusticeJamesWilson.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]]]]
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]], American politician, [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1798]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Anders Jahan Retzius]], Swedish chemist, botanist (d. [[1821]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Johan Herman Wessel]], Norwegian poet (d. [[1785]])
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Richard Cosway]], English artist (d. [[1821]])
[[File:Carl Wilhelm Scheele from Familj-Journalen1874.png|thumb|right|110px|[[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]]]]
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]], Swedish chemist (d. [[1785]])
* [[December 16]] &ndash; [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]], Prussian general (d. [[1819]])
* [[December 26]] ''(bapt.)'' &ndash; [[George Chalmers (antiquarian)|George Chalmers]], Scottish antiquarian (d. [[1825]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Túpac Amaru II]], Peruvian indigenous rebel leader (d. [[1781]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Rafaela Herrera]], Nicaraguan heroine (d. [[1805]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Francis Nash]], American military officer (d. [[1777]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Hendrik Frans de Cort]], Flemish painter (d. [[1810]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven]], English statesman (b. [[1686]])
[[File:Edmond Halley 072.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Edmond Halley]]]]
[[File:Susanna Wesley.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Susanna Wesley]]]]
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Edmond Halley]], English astronomer (b. [[1656]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_halley.html|title=Halley, Edmond|website=astro.uni-bonn.de}}</ref>
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Charles Rivington]], [[England|English]] publisher (b. [[1688]])
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Jean-Baptiste Dubos]], French author (b. [[1670]])
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[James Douglas (physician)|James Douglas]], Scottish physician, anatomist (b. [[1675]])
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Samuel Shute]], Governor of Massachusetts Bay and New Hampshire (b. [[1662]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Arvid Horn]], Swedish statesman (b. [[1664]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]] (b. [[1719]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Lars Roberg]], Swedish physician (b. [[1664]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Pylyp Orlyk]], Ukrainian Zaporozhian Cossack starshina, diplomat (b. [[1672]])
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[John Aislabie]], British politician (b. [[1670]])
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Nathan Bailey]], English philologist, lexicographer
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Bohuslav Matěj Černohorský]], Czech composer (b. [[1684]])
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Robert Petre, 8th Baron Petre]], British peer, renowned horticulturist (b. [[1713]])
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Guido Grandi]], Italian mathematician (b. [[1671]])
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[John Oldmixon]], English historian (b. [[1673]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Evaristo Abaco]], Italian composer (b. [[1675]])
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Richard Bentley]], English scholar and critic (b. [[1662]])
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[William Somervile]], English poet (b. [[1675]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Susanna Wesley]], mother of John and Charles Wesley, known as mother of Methodism. (b. [[1669]])
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Nicholas Roosevelt (1658–1742)]], Dutch-American politician (b. [[1658]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Maria van Lommen]], Dutch gold- and [[silversmith]] and [[guild]] member (b. [[1688]])
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Carlos Seixas]], Portuguese composer (b. [[1704]])
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1664]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Frederic Louis Norden]], Danish explorer (b. [[1708]])
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Hugh Boulter]], Irish Archbishop of Armagh (b. [[1672]])
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Jean Baptiste Massillon]], French bishop (b. [[1663]])
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Hoffmann]], German physician, chemist (b. [[1660]])
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Melchior de Polignac]], French diplomat (b. [[1661]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Andrew Bradford]], American publisher (b. [[1686]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[William Fairfield (Massachusetts politician)|William Fairfield]], Massachusetts Speaker of the House of Deputies (b. [[1662]])
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine]] (b. [[1661]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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