Editing 1739

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1739}}
{{Year nav|1739}}
[[File:Nader Shah afshar.jpg|300px|thumb|[[February 24]]: Persian Empire troops invade [[Delhi]] and defeat [[Mughal Empire]] in Indian [[Battle of Karnal]].]]
{{C18 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1739}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Bouvet Island]] is discovered by French explorer [[Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier]], in the South Atlantic Ocean.
* [[January 3]] &ndash; A [[1739 Yinchuan-Pingluo earthquake|7.6 earthquake]] shakes the [[Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region]] in [[China]] killing 50,000 people.
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Karnal]]: The army of [[History of Iran#Nader Shah and his successors|Iranian]] ruler [[Nader Shah]] defeats the forces of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor of [[History of India#The Mughal era|India]], [[Muhammad Shah]].
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Nader Shah]] occupies [[Delhi]], India and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the [[Peacock Throne]], including the [[Koh-i-Noor]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 7]] &ndash; English highwayman [[Dick Turpin]] is executed by hanging for [[horse theft]].
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[John Wesley]] lays the foundation stone of the [[New Room, Bristol]] in England, the world's first [[Methodist]] meeting house.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of The New Room|url=http://www.newroombristol.org.uk/History|publisher=The New Room|location=Bristol|access-date=2011-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817211537/http://newroombristol.org.uk/History|archive-date=August 17, 2013|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[June 13]] &ndash; (June 2 [[Old Style]]); The [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] is founded in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History|publisher=Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien|url=http://www.kva.se/en/About-the-academy/History/|access-date=2011-09-27}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The first group purporting to represent an [[England cricket team|all-England cricket team]], consisting of 11 players from various parts of England, comes to [[Kent]] and loses to the renowned Kent team, led by [[Lord John Sackville]].<ref>{{cite book |first=H. T. |last=Waghorn |author-link=H. T. Waghorn |title=Cricket Scores, Notes, etc. (1730–1773) |publisher=[[Blackwood (publishing house)|Blackwood]] |year=1899 |pages=22–23}}</ref>
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The [[British East India Company]] signs a treaty with the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]] to gain the right of free trade within the territory.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sailendra Nath Sen |title=Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–96 |publisher=[[Popular Prakashan]] |year=1994 |page=1}}</ref>
* [[July 22]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman Empire]] retakes [[Belgrade]] from [[Austria]]'s [[Habsburg monarchy]] after winning the [[Battle of Grocka]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Eric A. |last=Lund |title=War for the Every Day: Generals, Knowledge, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe, 1680-1740 |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=1999}}</ref> 
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]], incorporating modern-day Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela is re-established by the royal ''[[Real cédula|cedula]]'' of King [[Philip V of Spain]], 16 years after it had been dissolved, and adds the territory of [[Panama]] as well.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Vicente |last1=Santamaría de Paredes |first2=Harry Weston |last2=Van Dyke |title=A Study of the Question of Boundaries Between the Republics of Peru and Ecuador |publisher=B.S. Adams |year=1910 |page=60}}</ref>
* [[September 9]] &ndash; The [[Stono Rebellion]], a [[slave rebellion]], erupts near [[Charleston, South Carolina]].
* [[September 18]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Belgrade]] brings the [[Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)]] to an end.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 3]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Niš (1739)|Treaty of Niš]] is signed.
* [[October 12]] &ndash; The town of [[Utuado, Puerto Rico]] was founded by Sebastian de Morfi.
* [[October 17]] &ndash; The [[Foundling Hospital]] is created in London by [[royal charter]].
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[War of Jenkins' Ear]]: Great Britain declares war on Spain.  
* [[November 20]]&ndash;[[November 22|22]] &ndash; [[War of Jenkins' Ear]] &ndash; [[Battle of Porto Bello (1739)|Battle of Porto Bello]]: British marine forces capture the [[Panama]]nian silver-exporting town of [[Portobelo]] from the Spanish.
* [[December 30]]&ndash; Months of unseasonably cold weather begin in Ireland, precipitating the [[Irish Famine (1740–41)|Irish Famine of 1740]], known as ''Bliain an Áir'' ("The Year of Slaughter").  A January 5 dispatch from Dublin to the ''Stamford Mercury'' says "Since last Wednesday we have had the most violent cold Weather that was ever known in this Kingdom; hard Frost began that evening, which has continued ever since with a very stormy Wind at South-East."<ref>{{cite book |first1=Christine |last1=Kinealy |author-link1=Christine Kinealy |first2=Gerard |last2=Moran |title=The History of the Irish Famine |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2019}}</ref> At least 13% of Ireland's population dies of starvation in the year that follows.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Cathal |editor-last=Póirtéir |title=The Great Irish Famine |publisher=[[Mercier Press]] |year=1955 |pages=53–55}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Ecuador]], part of [[Real Audiencia of Quito]], becomes a part of [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|New Granada]], instead of [[Viceroyalty of Peru|Peru]].
* 84,000 farmers revolt in the province of [[Iwakitaira Domain|Iwaki]] in Japan.
* A [[Plinian eruption]] of [[Mount Tarumae]] [[volcano]] occurs in Japan.
* The first Bible in [[Estonian language|Estonian]] is published.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Charles François Dumouriez]], French general (d. [[1823]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart]], French architect (d. [[1813]])
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[George Clymer]], [[Politics of the United States|American politician]] and [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] (d. [[1813]])
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance]], Third Consul of France (d. [[1824]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Johann Augustus Eberhard]], German theologian, philosopher (d. [[1809]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Mary Bosanquet Fletcher]], [[Methodism|Methodist]] preacher and philanthropist (d. 1816)
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[Grigory Potemkin]], Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favourite of Catherine the Great (d. [[1791]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf]], Austrian composer (d. [[1799]])
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Henrik Gabriel Porthan]], Finnish professor and historian (d. [[1804]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://filosofia.fi/fi/biografia/porthan-henrik-gabriel-1739-1804|title=Porthan, Henrik Gabriel (1739–1804)|website=Filosofia.fi|date=September 21, 2007 |access-date=8 November 2023|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Jean-François de La Harpe]], French critic (d. [[1803]]) 
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours]], French politician (d. [[1817]])
* ''date unknown''
**[[Antonio Cachia]], Maltese architect, engineer and archaeologist (d. [[1813]])
** [[Bénédict Chastanier]], French surgeon (d. [[1816]])
** [[Margherita Dalmet]], Venetian dogaressa (d. [[1817]])
**[[Paul François Ignace de Barlatier de Mas]], French naval captain (d. [[1807]])
**[[Samuel Mason]], Revolutionary War soldier, early American outlaw (d. [[1803]])
**[[Karoline Kaulla]], German banker (d. [[1809]])
**[[Yelizaveta Belogradskaya]], Russian singer and musician

== Deaths ==
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Francesco Galli Bibiena]], Italian [[architect]]/designer (b. [[1659]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[John Joseph of the Cross]], Italian saint (b. [[1654]])
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Anton Maria Maragliano]], Italian artist (b. [[1664]])

[[File:Dick turpin jumping hornsey tollgate.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Dick Turpin]]]]
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Dick Turpin]], English highwayman (hanged) (b. [[1705]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Nicholas Saunderson]], English scientist and mathematician (b. [[1682]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Cosmas Damian Asam]], German painter and architect during the late Baroque period (b. [[1686]])
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp]], Swedish nobleman (b. [[1700]])
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Edmond Martène]], French Benedictine historian and liturgist (b. [[1654]])
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Benedetto Marcello]], Italian composer (b. [[1686]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Yuri Troubetzkoy]], Governor of Belgorod (b. [[1668]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]] (b. [[1667]])
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Anne Marie Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne]], French princess (b. [[1722]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné]], French noble (b. [[1684]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Antônio José da Silva]], Brazilian-born dramatist (b. [[1705]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Juan de Galavís]], Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. [[1683]])
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Harry Grey, 3rd Earl of Stamford]], English peer (b. [[1685]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Anne Dodd]], [[British people|English]] news seller, [[pamphlet]] shop proprietor (b. [[1685]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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