Editing 1730

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1730}}
{{Year nav|1730}}
[[File:Cresapwarmap.png|thumb|300px|[[March 16]]: [[Cresap's War]] is started between the British colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland.]]
{{C18 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1730}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 30]] (January 19 O.S.) &ndash; At dawn, Emperor [[Peter II of Russia]] dies of [[smallpox]], aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage.
* [[February 26]] (February 15 O.S.) &ndash; [[Anna of Russia]] (Anna Ioannovna) becomes reigning [[Empress of Russia]] following the death of her cousin Emperor [[Peter II of Russia|Peter II]]. 
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Vitus Bering]] returns to the Russian capital of [[Saint Petersburg]] after completing the [[First Kamchatka expedition]]. 
* [[March 5]] &ndash; The [[1730 papal conclave]] to elect a new Pope for the Roman Catholic church begins with 30 Cardinals, 12 days after the death of [[Pope Benedict XIII]]. By the time his successor is elected on July 12, there are 56 Cardinals.
* [[March 9]] &ndash; General [[Nader Shah|Nader Khan]] of [[Persia]] opens the first campaign of the [[Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)]], guiding the Persian Army from [[Shiraz]] and starting the [[Western Persia campaign of 1730|Western Persia Campaign]] against the Ottoman Empire.
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[John Glas]] is deposed from the [[Church of Scotland]]; the [[Glasite]] sect forms around him.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pocket Date Book|url=https://archive.org/details/pocketdatebooko00categoog|publisher=Chapman and Hall|first=William L. R.|last=Cates|author-link=William Leist Readwin Cates|year=1863}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; The establishment by [[Thomas Cresap]] of [[Wright's Ferry]] under the authority of the [[Province of Pennsylvania]]<ref name=Egle>William H. Egle, ''History of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Civil, Political and Military from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Including Historical Descriptions of Each County in the State, Their Towns, and Industrial Resources'' (E.M. Gardner Co., 1883) p322</ref> becomes the basis for [[Cresap's War]], a nine-year-long conflict also known as the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute; the conflict mainly centers in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania]] and [[York County, Pennsylvania]] on either bank of the [[Susquehanna River]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Congregation Shearith Israel]], the first [[synagogue]] in [[New York City]], is dedicated.
* [[May 9]] (April 28 O.S.) &ndash; The coronation of [[Anna of Russia]] as [[Empress of Russia]] takes place in [[Saint Petersburg]]. 
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend]], retires from his role in the government of Great Britain, leaving [[Robert Walpole]] as sole and undisputed leader of the Cabinet (i.e., prime minister). In the new [[Walpole ministry]], [[Sir William Strickland, 4th Baronet]], becomes Secretary at War, and [[Henry Pelham]] is Paymaster of the Forces; [[Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington]] briefly becomes Lord Privy Seal.
* [[June 1]] &ndash; Enslaved woman [[Sally Basset]] is put on trial for murder in [[Bermuda]]; she will eventually be convicted and [[Death by burning|burned at the stake]].
* [[June 19]] &ndash; At the urging of [[Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet|Sir William Gooch]], the [[Virginia House of Burgesses]] passes the [[Tobacco Inspection Act of 1730|Virginia Tobacco Inspection Act]] to regulate the quality of [[Tobacco in the American Colonies|tobacco in Virginia]], 46 to 5.<ref>Daniel Avery, [https://kar.kent.ac.uk/72161/1/141ConfirmationCopy.pdf ''United Interests: William Gooch, the Frontier, and the Politics of Virginia, 1720-1750'']{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (University of Kent, 2019) p31</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/misc/tob_ware.txt |format=TXT |title=Virginia Public Tobacco Warehouses, 1730/31 |website=Files.usgwararchives.net |access-date=2016-01-05 |archive-date=June 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604082810/http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/misc/tob_ware.txt |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; French explorer Alphonse de Pontevez, commanding the frigate ''Le Lys'', claims an [[Indian Ocean]] [[atoll]] for France and names it after himself as the [[Alphonse Atoll]]. The next day, he claims and names the [[St. François Atoll]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[1730 Valparaíso earthquake]]: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.1 strikes [[Valparaíso]], in modern-day [[Chile]] but at this time in the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]].
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The [[1730 papal conclave|papal conclave]] selects Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini over Cardinal [[Pietro Marcellino Corradini]] as the successor to [[Pope Benedict XIII]]. Corsini becomes [[Pope Clement XII]] as the 246th [[pope]].
* [[August 4]] &ndash; Maria Madlener becomes the last person to be executed after the [[Galgeninsel]] witch trials in [[Bavaria]], and is beheaded by sword.
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Frederick the Great|Prince Frederick of Prussia]], the eldest son of King [[Frederick William I of Prussia|Frederick William]] and a high-ranking officer, attempts to flee to England after deserting the Prussian Army and is captured along with his fellow officer [[Hans Hermann von Katte]]. Katte is executed, and Crown Prince Frederick is imprisoned at [[Küstrin]] (modern-day [[Kostrzyn nad Odrą]] in [[Poland]]) for a year before being forgiven by his father. Prince Frederick later succeeds his father as King and will be remembered as [[Frederick the Great]].<ref name=Durant>Will Durant and Ariel Durant, ''The Story of Civilization, Volume IX: The Age of Voltaire'' (Simon & Schuster, 1965)</ref> 
* [[August 12]] &ndash; General [[Nader Shah|Nader Khan]] of [[Persia]] captures [[Tabriz]] from the Ottoman Empire, bringing an end to the [[Western Persia campaign of 1730|Western Persia Campaign]], the first major action in the [[Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)]]. Tabriz becomes a permanent part of Iran. Nader leaves the city four days later to begin the [[Herat Campaign of 1731]].
* [[August 25]] &ndash; French Protestant [[Marie Durand]] is imprisoned in the Tower of Constance at [[Aigues-Mortes]] for her defiance of the Roman Catholic government, and is kept captive for the next 38 years. During her incarceration, she continues to resist converting to Catholicism as a condition of release. She is finally set free on April 14, 1768 and lives 8 more years.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; A volcano erupts on [[Lanzarote]], the easternmost of the [[Canary Islands]] and threatens the Spanish inhabitants. On [[Gran Canaria]], the regent of the islands reports to Madrid that the flames are visible even from {{convert|130|mi}} away.<ref name=Scarth>Alwyn Scarth, ''Volcanoes: An Introduction'' (Taylor & Francis, 2004)</ref>
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Mahmud I]] (d. [[1754]]) succeeds [[Ahmed III]] (ruled since [[1703]]) as [[Ottoman Emperor]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 22]] &ndash; Construction of the [[Ladoga Canal]], linking the [[Neva River|Neva]] and [[Svir River]]s, one of the first major navigable [[canal]]s constructed in [[Russia]], is completed.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; After being convicted of treason for attempting to desert the [[Prussian Army]] with Crown Prince [[Frederick the Great|Frederick]], [[Hans Hermann von Katte]] is beheaded at the [[Küstrin]] Prison. Frederick's father, King [[Frederick William I of Prussia|Frederick William]], forces the prince to watch the execution.<ref name=Durant/>
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The first documented notice in North America about [[freemasonry]] is published in ''[[The Pennsylvania Gazette]]'' in an article by its publisher, [[Benjamin Franklin]].<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Michael Baigent|author-link1=Michael Baigent|author2=Richard Leigh|author-link2=Richard Leigh (author)|title=The Temple and the Lodge|title-link=The Temple and the Lodge|publisher=[[Random House]]|year=2013|page=274}}</ref>
* [[December 27]] &ndash; The [[Dutch East India Company]] ends an almost 11-year effort of trying to maintain a colony around [[Delagoa Bay]] in southern Africa in modern-day [[Mozambique]]. The entire population of the settlement, Fort Lydzammheid (near modern-day [[Maputo]]) is evacuated by the ships ''Snuffelaar'', ''Zeepost'' and ''Feyenoord'' and the group returns to [[Cape Town]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Tim Couzens|author-link=Tim Couzens|title=Battles of South Africa|publisher=David Phillip Publishers|year=2004|page=16}}</ref>

===Date unknown===
* [[Missouria|The Missouria tribe]] is almost destroyed when hundreds are killed in an attack by the [[Meskwaki|Meskwawi]] and [[Sauk people|Sauk]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Velu Nachiyar]], queen regnant of [[Sivaganga]] (d. [[1796]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/remembering-queen-velu-nachiyar-sivagangai-first-queen-fight-british-55163|title=Remembering Queen Velu Nachiyar of Sivagangai, the first queen to fight the British|date=3 Jan 2017|website=[[thenewsminute.com]]|access-date=13 Sep 2024}}</ref>
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil]], last prime minister of the [[France|French]] monarchy (d. [[1807]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12561986t|title=Breteuil, Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier (1730-1807)|website=[[Bnf.fr]]|language=fr|access-date=15 Sep 2024}}</ref>
* [[April 1]] – [[Salomon Gessner]], Swiss painter and newspaper publisher (d. [[1788]])
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)|Henry Clinton]], British general (d. [[1795]])
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[John Moore (archbishop)|John Moore]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[1805]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham]], [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]] (d. [[1782]])<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/charles-watson-wentworth-2nd-marquess-of-rockingham |website=www.gov.uk |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Maria Angela Ardinghelli]], [[Italian people|Italian]] scientific [[translator]] (d. [[1825]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Motoori Norinaga]], Japanese philologist, scholar of the [[kokugaku]] school (d. [[1801]])
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Jean-Baptiste Willermoz]], French Freemason (d. [[1824]])
* [[July 12]]
** [[Anna Barbara Reinhart]], Swiss mathematician (d. [[1796]])
** [[Josiah Wedgwood]], English pottery manufacturer and abolitionist (d. [[1795]])
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Charles Messier]], French astronomer (d. [[1817]])
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol]], English Anglican prelate (d. [[1803]])
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Johann Georg Hamann]], German philosopher (d. [[1788]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[Elisabetta de Gambarini]], English composer (d. [[1765]]) 
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben]], Prussian army officer (d. [[1794]])
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[William Moultrie]], American general (d. [[1805]])
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[James Bruce]], Scottish explorer (d. [[1794]])
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Filippo Mazzei]], Italian physician, friend of [[Thomas Jefferson]] (d. [[1816]])
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[William Hamilton (diplomat)|William Hamilton]], British diplomat, antiquary (d. [[1803]])[[File:Sirhenryclinton2.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)|Henry Clinton]]]]
* ''date unknown''
** [[Jacob Alyashar]], Talmudist and emissary (d. c. [[1790]])<ref>{{Cite Tidhar|11|3834|הרב יעקב אלישר|title=Rabbi Jacob Alyashar}}</ref>
** [[John Cook (governor)|John Cook]], American farmer, [[Governor of Delaware|President of Delaware]] (d. [[1789]])
** [[Anne Rossignol]], African slave trader (d. [[1810]])
** [[John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore]], Scottish peer and colonial governor in the Americas (d. [[1809]])
** [[White Eyes]], Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. [[1778]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 1]]
** [[Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham]], English politician (b. [[1647]])
** [[Samuel Sewall]], English-born judge (b. [[1652]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Samuel Sewall {{!}} British colonial merchant {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Sewall |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Árni Magnússon]], Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector (b. [[1663]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Willard Fiske|title=Mímir: Icelandic Institutions, with Addresses|publisher=M. Truelsen|year=1903|page=17}}</ref>
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Antonio Vallisneri]], Italian scientist (b. [[1661]])
* [[January 30]] &ndash; Emperor [[Peter II of Russia]] (b. [[1715]])
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Johann Georg von Eckhart]], German historian (b. [[1664]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Luca Carlevarijs]], Italian painter (b. [[1663]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Briganti | first = Giuliano | title = The view painters of Europe | publisher = Phaidon | location = London | year = 1970 | isbn = 9780714814070 | page=290}}</ref>
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Pope Benedict XIII]], Italian pontiff (b. [[1649]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.op.org/en/content/inquiry-process-canonisation-dominican-pope-benedict-xiii |title="Inquiry for the Process of Canonisation of the Dominican Pope Benedict XIII", Order of Preachers, February 24, 2017 |access-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812165421/http://www.op.org/en/content/inquiry-process-canonisation-dominican-pope-benedict-xiii |archive-date=12 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Adrienne Lecouvreur]], French actress (b. [[1692]])<ref>{{cite web|last=Commire|first=Anne|title=Lecouvreur, Adrienne (1690–1730)|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2588813779&v=2.1&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=cc30c1c836898d23a4c593d484565d67|work=Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages|publisher=Detroit: Yorkin Publications|access-date=4 April 2014|author2=Klezmer, Deborah}}</ref>
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[Benedetto Pamphili]], Italian cardinal, patron of the arts, composer and librettist (b. [[1653]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Elling | first = Christian | title = Rome : the biography of her architecture from Bernini to Thorvaldsen | publisher = Routledge | location = Place of publication not identified | year = 2019 | isbn = 9781000310290 | page=109}}</ref>
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]] (or Hesse-Cassel) (b. [[1654]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Sir Justinian Isham, 4th Baronet]], English landowner and Member of Parliament (b. [[1658]])
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)|Arabella Churchill]], English mistress of [[James II of England]] (b. [[1648]])
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon]], Marshal of France in the reign of [[Louis XIV]] and Louis XV (b. [[1646]])
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Yinxiang (prince)|Yinxiang]], Qing dynasty prince (b. [[1686]])
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor]], English judge and politician (b. [[1658]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Sarah Basset]], Bermudian slave, origin of legend 
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Joachim Bouvet]], French Jesuit active in China (b. [[1656]])
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Olivier Levasseur]], French pirate
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Issachar Berend Lehmann]], German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (b. [[1661]])
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy]], French soldier (b. [[1644]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Sébastien de Brossard]], French composer and music theorist (b. [[1655]])
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate]], German princess (b. [[1652]])
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater]], Scottish politician (b. [[1664]])
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland]], English courtier (b. [[1662]])
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Guichard Joseph Duverney]], French anatomist (b. [[1648]])
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Sophia Elisabet Brenner]], Swedish writer (b. [[1659]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Göransson | first = Elisabet | title = Letters of a learned lady: Sophia Elisabeth Brenner's correspondence, with an edition of her letters to and from Otto Sperling the younger | publisher = Almqvist & Wiksell | location = Stockholm | year = 2006 | isbn = 9789122021575 | page=25}}</ref>
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Laurence Eusden]], English poet (b. [[1688]])
[[File:Frederik 4 Danmark.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Frederick IV of Denmark|Frederick IV]]]]
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Frederick IV of Denmark|Frederick IV]], King of Denmark and Norway (b. [[1671]])
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac]], French explorer (b. [[1658]])
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Anne Oldfield]], English actress (b. [[1683]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Hume | first = Robert | title = Henry Fielding and the London theatre, 1728-1737 | publisher = Clarendon Press Oxford University Press | location = Oxford Oxfordshire New York | year = 1988 | isbn = 9780198128649 | page=142}}</ref>
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Luigi Ferdinando Marsili]], Italian soldier and naturalist (b. [[1658]])
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[François de Troy]], French portrait artist (b. [[1645]])
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Carlo Gimach]], Maltese architect, engineer and poet (b. [[1651]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ellul |first1=Michael |title=Carlo Gimach (1651–1730) – Architect and Poet |journal=Proceedings of History Week |date=1986 |pages=37–38 |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week/PHW%201986/02s.pdf |publisher=Historical Society of Malta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804132629/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Proceedings%20of%20History%20Week/PHW%201986/02s.pdf |archive-date=4 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1730}}
[[Category:1730| ]]