Editing 1650

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1650}}
{{Year nav|1650}}
[[File:Cromwell at Dunbar Andrew Carrick Gow (cropped).jpg|300px|thumb|[[September 3]]: ''[[Cromwell at Dunbar]]'' by [[Andrew Carrick Gow]].  [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s forces defeat the Scottish Army at the [[Battle of Dunbar (1650)|Battle of Dunbar]]]]
{{C17 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1650}}

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen]], dies after a reign of more than 63 years.  The area is now part of the northeastern German state of [[Saxony-Anhalt]].
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Cardinal Mazarin|Cardinal Jules Mazarin]], the Chief Minister of France and head of its government since 1642, learns of a plot against him and has the [[Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé|Prince de Condé]], the [[Armand de Bourbon, prince de Conti|Prince de Conti]] and the [[Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville|Duc de Longueville]] arrested, prompting [[The Fronde|a rebellion by parliament against the Crown]].
* [[January 28]] &ndash; The [[Sultan bin Saif]] of Oman expels the Portuguese colonial government from [[Muscat]], forcing the surrender of the port of [[Muttrah]] and of Fort Capitan, and captures two warships, ending 35 years of Portuguese occupation.
* [[February 1]] &ndash; The French verse play ''[[Andromède]]'', commissioned by Cardinal Mazarin, written by [[Pierre Corneille]] and with elaborate sets designed by [[Giacomo Torelli]], premieres before the royal family at the [[Théâtre Royal de Bourbon]].
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s troops sweep through Ireland and bombard the [[Kiltinan Castle]] in [[County Tipperary]]. 
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Jacob van Kittensteyn]] succeeds [[Joan Maetsuycker]] as the Dutch [[Governor of Zeylan]] (now the nation of [[Sri Lanka]]).
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 2nd Count of Castelo Melhor|João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos]], Portuguese Count of Castelo Melhor, becomes the new Governor of Brazil.
* [[March 28]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Kilkenny]] in [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland|Ireland by Oliver Cromwell]] ends in after six days as royalist [[Sir Walter Butler, 1st Baronet|Sir Walter Butler]] turns over control of the city to the Commonwealth of England forces.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 27]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Carbisdale]] begins when a [[Cavalier|Royalist]] army invades mainland Scotland from the [[Orkney Islands]].  The Royalists are defeated by a [[Covenanter]] army.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=BTL19|desc=Battle of Carbisdale|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref>
* [[May 17]] &ndash; A quarter of the [[New Model Army]] at the [[Siege of Clonmel]] in Ireland is trapped and killed.
* [[June 9]] &ndash; The [[Harvard Corporation]], the more powerful of the two administrative boards of [[Harvard]], is established (the first legal [[corporation]] in the Americas).
* [[June 23]] &ndash; Claimant King [[Charles II of England]], Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland (at [[Garmouth, Moray|Garmouth]]), the only one of the three [[Monarchy|kingdom]]s that has accepted him as ruler.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 13]] &ndash; Italian priest and astronomer [[Gerolamo Sersale]] of Naples takes advantage of a full moon and draws an extremely detailed lunar map, which is then engraved and reproduced for other astronomers.
* [[July 22]] &ndash; Having completed his invasion of Ireland, England's General [[Oliver Cromwell]] begins the [[Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652)|war against the Kingdom of Scotland]], crossing from [[Northumberland]] at [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]] into [[Berwickshire]], and leads troops toward [[Edinburgh]].
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[William II, Prince of Orange]], stadtholder of Holland, attempts to conquer the rest of the Netherlands and attempts a [[Attack on Amsterdam (1650)|coup d'état against the Dutch Republic]].
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Colonel]] [[George Monck]] forms ''Monck's Regiment of Foot'', forerunner of the [[Coldstream Guards]].
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Third English Civil War]]: [[Battle of Dunbar (1650)]] &ndash; [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]] forces under [[Oliver Cromwell]] defeat a Scottish army, commanded by [[David Leslie, 1st Lord Newark|David Leslie]].<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=BTL7|desc=Battle of Dunbar II|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref>
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Hartford (1650)|Treaty of Hartford]]: the [[English Commonwealth]]'s [[Connecticut Colony]] and the [[Dutch Republic]]'s colony of [[New Netherland]] establish their frontiers in [[North America]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/263|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/263 263–264]}}</ref>
* [[September 27]] &ndash; The [[Kolumbo]] volcano on [[Santorini]] experiences a massive eruption (VEI 6).
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Henry Robinson (writer)|Henry Robinson]] opens his ''Office of Addresses and Encounters'', a form of employment exchange, in [[Threadneedle Street]], London.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 17]] &ndash; The [[Western Remonstrance]] is signed by members of the Parliament of Scotland who condemn the recognition of Charles II being crowned King of Scotland, and pledging allegiance to England's General Oliver Cromwell.
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Christina, Queen of Sweden|Queen Christina of Sweden]], who has been the legal ruler of Sweden for almost 18 years, has an elaborate [[coronation]] ceremony at the [[Ulriksdal Palace|castle of Jacobsdal]] near [[Stockholm]].  The coronation had originally been planned for her 18th birthday in 1644 but was delayed by a war with Denmark-Norway.
* [[October 30]] &ndash; The Commonwealth of England government passes [[An Act for prohibiting Trade with the Barbadoes, Virginia, Bermuda and Antego|a law prohibiting trade between English merchants and English colonies that had sided with Charles II]] over Oliver Cromwell.  Specifically labeled as [[English overseas possessions in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|rebel colonies]] for purposes of the ban are the North American colonies of [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]] and [[Bermuda|the Somers Isles (alias Bermuda)]], as well as the Caribbean islands of [[Barbados]] and [[Antigua]].
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[William III of England|William III of Orange]] becomes Prince of the [[House of Orange]] at the moment of his birth, succeeding his father, who had died a few days earlier. He does not become [[stadtholder]], so the [[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]] becomes a true [[republic]].
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[Anne Greene]] is hanged at [[Oxford Castle]] in England for [[infanticide]], having concealed an illegitimate stillbirth. The following day she revives in the dissection room and, being pardoned, lives until 1659.<ref>{{cite book|author=A Scholler in Oxford|title=Newes from the Dead, or a True and Exact Narration of the Miraculous Deliverance of Anne Greene; whereunto are prefixed certain Poems casually written upon that subject|location=Oxford|publisher=printed by Leonard Lichfield for Tho. Robinson|year=1651}} Includes Latin verses by [[Christopher Wren]].</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1136/bmj.285.6357.1792|pmid=6816370|pmc=1500297|last=Hughes|first=J. Trevor|title=Miraculous Deliverance of Anne Green: An Oxford Case of Resuscitation in the Seventeenth Century|jstor=29509089|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]|volume=285|issue=6357|year=1982|pages=1792–1793}}</ref><ref name="DNB">{{cite ODNB|last=Gowing | first=Laura | title=Greene, Anne (c. 1628–1659) | year=2004 |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-11413 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/11413 |access-date=March 14, 2020 }}</ref>
* [[December 25]] &ndash; Thomas Cooper, former Usher of [[Gresham's School]], England, is hanged as a Royalist rebel.

=== Date unknown ===
* The first modern [[Palio di Siena]] horserace is held in Italy.
* [[Puritans]] chop down the original [[Glastonbury Thorn]] in England.
* English highwayman and [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] [[James Hind]] campaigns for the Royalist cause (according to his own account).
* Jews are allowed to return to France.
* Three-wheeled [[wheelchair]]s are invented in [[Nuremberg]] by watchmaker [[Stephan Farffler]].
* [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]] deports Portuguese [[diplomat]]s and [[Missionary|missionaries]].
* ''[[Einkommende Zeitungen]]'' becomes the first German daily newspaper (ceases [[1918]]).
* The town of [[Sharon, Massachusetts|Sharon]], [[Massachusetts Bay Colony|Massachusetts]] is founded.
* Estimation &ndash; [[Istanbul]] becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Beijing.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm | title=What Were the Largest Cities Throughout History? | access-date=February 27, 2006 | archive-date=August 18, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=June 2020}}

== Births ==
[[File:John Churchill Marlborough porträtterad av Adriaen van der Werff (1659-1722).jpg|thumbnail|upright|[[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough]]]]
[[File:King William III of England, (1650-1702).jpg|thumbnail|upright|[[William III of England]]]]
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[George Rooke]], Royal Navy admiral (d. [[1709]])
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Countess Sophie Amalie of Nassau-Siegen]], Duchess consort of Courland (1682–1688) (d. [[1688]])
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Nell Gwyn]], English actress and royal mistress (d. [[1687]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Hastie | first = Roy | title = Nell Gwyn | publisher = R. Hale | location = London | year = 1987 | isbn = 9780709030997 | page=15 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles]], French general (d. [[1708]])
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Tomás Marín de Poveda, 1st Marquis of Cañada Hermosa]], Royal Governor of Chile (d. [[1703]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Jan Verkolje]], Dutch painter (d. [[1693]])
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[John Conyers (MP born 1650)]], English politician (d. [[1725]])
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet]], British bishop (d. [[1721]])
* [[March 25]] 
** [[Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet]], England (d. [[1733]])
** [[Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Ilsenburg]], German nobleman (d. [[1710]])
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[Sebastiano Antonio Tanara]], Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. [[1724]])
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach]], Archduchess of Austria, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. [[1681]])
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1689]])
* [[April 20]] 
** [[Felice Boselli]], Italian painter (d. [[1732]])
** [[William Bedloe]], English fraudster and informer (d. [[1680]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel]], Queen Consort of Denmark (1670–1699) (d. [[1714]])
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Cornelis HrR Ridder de Graeff]], Dutch nobleman and chief landholder of the Zijpe and Haze Polder (d. [[1678]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough]], English general (d. [[1722]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Chandler | first = David | title = Marlborough as military commander | publisher = Batsford | location = London | year = 1979 | isbn = 9780713420753 | page=7 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Ogasawara Nagashige]], Japanese daimyō (d. [[1732]])
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[Carlo Alessandro Guidi]], Italian lyric poet (d. [[1712]])
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Joseph Sherman (Massachusetts Bay Colony)]], American politician (d. [[1731]])
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Maria Anna Vasa]], Polish princess (d. [[1651]])
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Frederick Casimir Kettler]], [[Duke of Courland and Semigallia]] (d. [[1698]])
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[William Burkitt]], English biblical expositor, vicar in Dedham (d. [[1703]])
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Edward Lewis (Devizes MP)]], English politician (d. [[1674]])
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Louis Joseph, Duke of Guise]] (d. [[1671]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Vincenzo Coronelli]], Franciscan friar, Italian cartographer, encyclopedist (d. [[1718]])
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois]] (d. [[1652]])
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Carl Philipp, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum]], Prussian field marshal (d. [[1719]])
* [[August 30]] &ndash; [[Ludovico Sabbatini]], Italian priest (d. [[1724]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[Juan Manuel María de la Aurora, 8th duke of Escalona]], Spanish aristocrat (d. [[1725]])
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Adrian Beverland]], Dutch philosopher and jurist who settled in England (d. [[1716]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Jeremy Collier]], English theatre critic, non-juror bishop and theologian (d. [[1726]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[René Auguste Constantin de Renneville]], French writer (d. [[1723]])
* [[October 10]] 
** [[Jane Rolfe]], granddaughter of Pocahontas (d. [[1676]])
** [[Ulisse Giuseppe Gozzadini]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1728]])
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar]] (d. [[1689]])
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers]], English peer and courtier (d. [[1717]])
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Jean Bart]], French admiral (d. [[1702]])
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Steven Blankaart]], Dutch entomologist (d. [[1704]])
* [[November 4]] &ndash; King [[William III of England]], Scotland, and Ireland (d. [[1702]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Claydon | first = Tony | title = William III | publisher = Routledge, Taylor and Francis | location = London | year = 2014 | isbn = 9781317876830 | page=9 | language=en }}</ref>
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[John Robinson (bishop of London)|John Robinson]], English diplomat (d. [[1723]])
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Joanna Koerten]], Dutch painter (d. [[1715]])
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Robert Walpole (1650–1700)]], English politician (d. [[1700]])
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild]] (d. [[1710]])
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[Joseph Oriol]], Spanish Catholic priest, saint (d. [[1702]])
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Jan Palfijn]], Flemish surgeon and obstetrician (d. [[1730]])
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Domenico Martinelli]], Italian architect (d. [[1718]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[August of Saxe-Weissenfels (1650–1674)]], Prince of Saxe-Weissenfels and provost of Magdeburg (d. [[1674]])
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Johann Friedrich Mayer (theologian)]], German Lutheran theologian (d. [[1712]])
* [[December 10]] &ndash; [[Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon]] (d. [[1701]])
* [[December 16]] 
** [[Alexander Hermann, Count of Wartensleben]], Prussian field marshal (d. [[1734]])
** [[Sir Robert Marsham, 4th Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1703]])
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Christoph Arnold]], German astronomer (d. [[1695]])
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Claude Aveneau]], French missionary (d. [[1711]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Thomas Savery]], English engineer and inventor (d. [[1715]])
** [[Jan Antonín Losy]], Czech lutist (d. [[1721]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[René Descartes]]]]
[[File:Dorgon, the Prince Rui (17th century).jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|[[Dorgon|Prince Dorgon]]]]
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen]], German prince (b. [[1579]])
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Matteo Rosselli]], Italian painter (b. [[1578]])
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke]] (b. [[1584]])
* [[February 11]] 
** [[René Descartes]], French philosopher (b. [[1596]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Åkerman | first = Susanna | title = Queen Christina of Sweden and her circle : the transformation of a seventeenth-century philosophical libertine | publisher = E.J. Brill | location = Leiden New York | year = 1991 | isbn = 9789004246706 | page=50 | language=en}}</ref>
** [[Adriaen van Gaesbeeck]], Dutch painter of genre subjects and portraits (b. [[1621]])
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Claude Favre de Vaugelas]], Savoyard grammarian and man of letters (b. [[1585]])
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Antonio Tornielli]], Italian Catholic prelate (b. [[1579]])
* [[March 11]] &ndash; [[John Henderson, 5th of Fordell]], Scottish noble (b. [[1605]])
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg]], Duchess consort of Saxe-Altenburg (b. [[1616]])
* [[March 25]] 
** [[Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg]] (b. [[1593]])
** [[John Williams (archbishop of York)|John Williams]], Welsh clergyman and political advisor to King James I (b. [[1582]])
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Christian Gueintz]], German teacher and writer-grammarian (b. [[1592]])
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Simonds d'Ewes]], English antiquarian and politician (b. [[1602]])
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1607]])
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Stephanius]], Danish historian (b. [[1599]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Kanō Naonobu]], Japanese painter of the Kanō school of painting (b. [[1607]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose]], Scottish royalist (b. [[1612]])
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Francesco Sacrati]], Italian composer (b. [[1605]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Michel Particelli d'Emery]], French politician (b. [[1596]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Agnes of Hesse-Kassel]], Princess consort of Anhalt-Dessau (b. [[1606]])
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff]], Austrian diplomat (b. [[1584]])
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Christoph Scheiner]], German astronomer (b. [[1573]] or [[1575]])
* [[June 19]]
** [[Matthäus Merian]], Swiss engraver (b. [[1593]])
** [[Simon Philip, Count of Lippe]]-Detmold (1636–1650) (b. [[1632]])
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], Duchess consort of Pomerania (b. [[1595]])
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Jean Rotrou]], French poet and tragedian (b. [[1609]])
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Niccolò Cabeo]], Italian Jesuit writer, theologian (b. [[1586]])
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Marion Delorme]], French courtesan known for her relationships with the important men of her time (b. [[1613]])
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Margaretha van Valckenburch]], Dutch shipowner, only female member of the VOC (b. [[1565]]) 
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Robert Levinz]], English Royalist, hanged in London by Parliamentary forces as a spy (b. [[1615]])<ref>{{DNB|wstitle=Levinz, Robert |first=Emily Tennyson |last=Bradley |author-link=Emily Tennyson Bradley |volume=33 |page=161}}</ref>
* [[August]] &ndash; [[John Parkinson (botanist)|John Parkinson]], English herbalist and botanist (b. [[1567]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Cesare Monti]], Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (b. [[1593]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[Scévole de Sainte-Marthe (1571–1650)|Scévole de Sainte-Marthe]], French historian (b. [[1571]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Stuart (daughter of Charles I)|Elizabeth Stuart]], second daughter of King Charles I of England (b. [[1635]])
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand of Bavaria (bishop)|Ferdinand of Bavaria]] (b. [[1577]])
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Josias von Rantzau]], Marshal of France (b. [[1609]])
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême]], son of Charles IX of France (b. [[1573]])
* [[October 25]] &ndash; [[Franciscus Quaresmius]], Italian writer and orientalist (b. [[1583]])
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[David Calderwood]], Scottish historian (b. [[1575]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[William II, Prince of Orange]] (b. [[1626]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Manuel Cardoso (composer)|Manuel Cardoso]], Portuguese composer (b. [[1566]])
* [[December 13]] &ndash; ''(bapt.)'' [[Phineas Fletcher]], English poet (b. [[1582]])
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Dorgon]], Manchu prince (b. [[1612]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Catalina de Erauso]], Spanish-Mexican nun and soldier (b. [[1592]])
** [[Koçi Bey]], Ottoman man of letters
** [[Magdalena Andersdotter]], Norwegian-Faroese shipowner (b. [[1590]])
** [[Teofila Chmielecka]], Polish military wife (b. [[1590]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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