Editing 1568

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1568}}
{{Year nav|1568}}
[[File:BattleOfHeiligerlee.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[May 23]]: [[Battle of Heiligerlee (1568)|Battle of Heiligerlee]]]]
{{C16 year in topic}}

Year '''1568''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
[[File:Mary, Queen of Scots after Nicholas Hilliard.jpg|110px|thumb|May: [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], flees to England.]]

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 6]] &ndash; In the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]], the delegates of [[Unio Trium Nationum]] to the [[Diet (assembly)|Diet]] of [[Turda|Torda]] convene in a session that ends on January 13, during which freedom of religion is debated.
* [[January 28]] &ndash; The [[Edict of Torda]], Europe's first declaration of [[religious freedom]], is adopted by the Kingdom of Hungary.
* [[February 7]] &ndash; Members of a Spanish expedition, commanded by [[Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira]], become the first Europeans to see the [[Solomon Islands]], landing at [[Santa Isabel Island]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/mendana-queiros/mendana-queiros.html|title=Alvaro de Mendaña de Neira, 1542?–1595|publisher=Princeton University Library|access-date=8 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Solomon Islands |url=https://www.un.int/solomonislands/solomonislands/country-facts |website=www.un.int |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba]], governor of the [[Spanish Netherlands]] issues an edict condemning to death those who rebel against Spanish authority to combat [[Eighty Years' War|religious unrest]].
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Adrianople (1568)|Treaty of Adrianople]] (sometimes called the Peace of Adrianople): The [[Habsburgs]] agree to pay tribute to the [[Ottoman Caliphate|Ottomans]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 |date=1984 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-162-0 |page=922 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrUNi2m_qZAC&q=%22Adrianople%22%20february |access-date=5 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cîmpeanu |first1=Liviu |title=The Transylvanian-Saxon University at War: Trabanten in John Sigismund Szapolyai's Campaigns at the North-Western Borders of Transylvania (1561–1567) |journal=Acta Musei Napocensis. Historica |date=2021 |volume=58 |issue=58 |pages=11–28 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1013179 |access-date=5 December 2023 |language=English |issn=1454-1521}}</ref>
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Akbar the Great]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] captures the massive [[Chittor Fort]] in northern India after a siege that began on October 23, 1567.<ref>Ram Vallabh Somani, ''History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D.'' (Mateshwari, 1976)</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mathur |first1=R. S. |title=Relations of Hadas with Mughal Emperors, 1568-1720 A.D. |date=1985 |publisher=Deputy Publications |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHYtAAAAMAAJ&q=1568%20%22chittor%22 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 28]] &ndash; French [[Huguenot]]s begin the [[Siege of Chartres (1568)|Siege of Chartres]], but fail to take the walled city after 15 days.<ref>James Wood,''The King's Army: Warfare, Soldiers and Society during the Wars of Religion in France, 1562-1576'' Cambridge University Press, 2002) p.215</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Baird |first1=Henry Martyn |title=History of the Rise of the Huguenots of France |date=1880 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |page=231 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpGx4RfOfPQC&dq=Huguenots+chartres+%221568%22&pg=PA231 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 23]] &ndash; The [[Peace of Longjumeau]] ends the Second War of Religion in France.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=Penny |title=Peace and Authority during the French Religious Wars c.1560–1600 |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-32675-1 |pages=29–50 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137326751_3 |access-date=5 December 2023 |language=en |chapter=Phases of Peace|doi=10.1057/9781137326751_3 }}</ref> Again [[Catherine de' Medici]] and [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]] make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: The [[Battle of Dahlen]] takes place in the [[Duchy of Jülich]] near the modern-day [[Rheindahlen]] borough in the German city of [[Mönchengladbach]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]. Spanish troops, commanded by [[Sancho d'Avila]], overwhelm a larger force of Dutch rebels led by Jean de Montigny, Lord of Villers.<ref>John Lothrop Motley, ''The Rise of the Dutch Republic: A History'' (Harper & Brothers, 1883) p.160</ref> 
* [[May 2]] &ndash; The deposed [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], escapes from [[Lochleven Castle]].
* [[May 13]] &ndash;  [[Marian civil war]] in Scotland: [[Battle of Langside]] &ndash; The forces of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish [[Protestant]]s under [[James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray]], regent of Scotland and her half-brother.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Peter G. B. McNeill|author2=Hector L. MacQueen|title=Atlas of Scottish History to 1707|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qs1-AAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Scottish Medievalists and Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-9503904-1-3|page=134|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], flees across the [[Solway Firth]] from [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] to [[Kingdom of England|England]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Holmes|first=P. J.|title=Mary Stewart in England|journal=The Innes Review|year=1987|volume=38|issue=38|pages=195–218|doi=10.3366/inr.1987.38.38.195|url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/inr.1987.38.38.195?journalCode=inr|access-date=2023-12-05}}</ref> but on May 19 is placed in custody in [[Carlisle Castle]] on the orders of Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]], her cousin.
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Heiligerlee (1568)|Battle of Heiligerlee]]: Troops under [[Louis of Nassau]], brother of [[William the Silent]], defeat a smaller loyalist force under the [[Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg|Duke of Arenberg]], in an attempt to invade the Northern Netherlands. This  effectively begins the [[Eighty Years' War]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Marco van der Hoeven|title=Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands, 1568-1648|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95Lbwsu1EC8C&pg=PA57|year=1997|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-10727-4|pages=57|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 1]] &ndash; A mass execution is carried out in the Spanish Netherlands at [[Sablon, Brussels|Sablon]], near [[Brussels]], as 18 persons who signed the [[Compromise of Nobles]] on April 5, 1566, are beheaded.<ref>Louis Verniers, ''Un millénaire d'histoire de Bruxelles. Des origines à 1830'' (A. De Boeck, 1965) p.227</ref>
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Thomas Lancaster]] is consecrated as the [[Archbishop of Armagh]], spiritual leader of the [[Church of Ireland]], succeeding Archbishop [[Adam Loftus (bishop)|Adam Loftus]].
* [[June 27]] &ndash; Ottoman pirate [[Occhiali|Kılıç Ali Pasha]], formerly Italian farmer Giovanni Dionigi Galeni, is appointed as the Ottoman [[Beylerbey]] of [[Ottoman Algeria]] by the Sultan [[Selim II]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Battle of Jemmingen]]: The main Spanish army of the [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Duke of Alba]] utterly defeats Louis of Nassau's invading army in the Northeastern Netherlands.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jaques |first1=Tony |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges [3 volumes]: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes] |date=30 November 2006 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-02799-4 |page=489 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbLOEAAAQBAJ&dq=Battle+of+Jemmingen+louis+of+nassau+Fernando+%C3%81lvarez+%2221+july+1568%22&pg=PA489 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 18]] &ndash; The [[Third War of Religion]] begins in France, after an unsuccessful attempt by the Royalists to capture [[Louis, Prince of Condé (1530–1569)|Condé]] and Coligny, the Huguenot leaders.
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)|Battle of San Juan de Ulúa]] ([[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War]]): In the [[Gulf of Mexico]], a Spanish fleet forces English [[privateer]]s under [[John Hawkins (naval commander)|John Hawkins]] to end their campaign.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Figueroa |first1=Macrina Rabadán |title=Propios y extraños: la presencia de los extranjeros en la vida de la ciudad de México, 1821-1860 |date=2006 |publisher=Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos |isbn=978-970-701-761-0 |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OnR6AAAAMAAJ&q=Batalla+de+San+Juan+de+Ul%C3%BAa+John+Hawkins+%2224+de+septiembre+de+1568%22 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The Swedish king [[Eric XIV of Sweden|Eric XIV]] is deposed by his half-brothers [[John III of Sweden|John]] and [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williamson |first1=David |title=Debrett's kings and queens of Europe |date=1988 |publisher=Webb & Bower |location=Exter |isbn=978-0-86350-194-4 |page=124 |url=https://archive.org/details/debrettskingsque0000will_i4j1/page/124/mode/2up?q=1568 |access-date=6 December 2023}}</ref> John proclaims himself king John III the next day.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[William the Silent]] invades the southeastern Netherlands.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lovett |first1=A. W. |title=Early Habsburg Spain, 1517-1598 |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-822139-5 |page=160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKIhAAAAMAAJ&q=%225%20october%201568%22 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 18]] — [[Ashikaga Yoshiaki]] is installed as Shōgun, beginning the [[Azuchi–Momoyama period]] in Japan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Japan Encyclopedia |date=2002 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-01753-5 |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&dq=Ashikaga+Yoshiaki+shogun+%221568%22&pg=PA55 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Katsumi Kuroita, ed., ''Public Court Appointments, Part 3'', Vol. 55 (Kokushi Taikei Publishing Association, 1936)</ref>
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Jodoigne]]: Spanish forces under the Duke of Alba destroy [[William the Silent]]'s rearguard and William abandons his offensive.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Trevor Nevitt Dupuy|author2=Curt Johnson|author3=David L. Bongard|title=The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Y4UAQAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-270015-5|page=800|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 12]] &ndash; Dutch rebels commanded by [[William the Silent]] defeat Spanish Habsburg troops led by [[Sancho d'Avila]] in the [[Battle of Le Quesnoy (1568)|battle of Le Quesnoy]] in northern France. 
* [[November 22]] &ndash; The second [[Treaties of Roskilde (1568)|treaty of Roskilde]] is signed between representatives of the Kingdom of Denmark and the Kingdom of Sweden to end the [[Northern Seven Years' War]]. Sweden cedes the [[Estonia under Swedish rule|Duchy of Estonia]] (Estland) to Danish control. 
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Burmese–Siamese War (1568–1569)|Burmese–Siamese War]]: Dispatched by King [[Bayinnaung]], 55,000 Burmese troops arrive at [[Phitsanulok]] (in modern-day Thailand) and drive back the attack by armies from the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] (Thailand) [[Lan Xang]] (Laos), then prepare to invade Ayutthaya to put down the rebellion by Ayutthayan King [[Maha Chakkraphat]]<ref>''Hmannan chronicle'', Vol. 2, p.403)</ref> 
* [[December 24]] &ndash; The [[Morisco Revolt]] against King Philip II of Spain begins as [[Aben Humeya]] (formerly Fernando de Válor) is proclaimed as King of the Granadan rebels.
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Louis III, Duke of Württemberg|Ludwig III]] becomes the [[Duke of Württemberg]] in German Bavaria after the death of his father, [[Christoph, Duke of Württemberg|Christoph]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Russo-Turkish War (1568–70)|Russo-Turkish War]] begins in Astrakhan.
* [[Álvaro I of Kongo|Álvaro I]] succeeds his stepfather [[Henrique I of Kongo|Henrique I]] as ruler of the [[Kingdom of Kongo]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thornton |first1=John K. |title=The Kongo Kingdom: The Origins, Dynamics and Cosmopolitan Culture of an African Polity |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-47418-4 |pages=103–122 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/kongo-kingdom/soyo-and-kongo/8FD96F6218631637E68156DFA470960A |access-date=8 December 2023 |chapter=Soyo and Kongo: The Undoing of the Kingdom’s Centralization}}</ref> forming the [[Kwilu dynasty]] that rules the kingdom without interruption until [[May]] [[1622]].
* [[Polybius]]' [[The Histories (Polybius)|''The Histories'']] are first translated into English, by [[Christopher Watson (translator)|Christopher Watson]].<ref>Polybius (1979). ''The Rise Of The Roman Empire''. Penguin. p. 36.</ref>

== Births ==
[[File:Urban VIII.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Pope Urban VIII]]]]
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Henri Spondanus]], French historian (d. [[1643]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wetzer |first1=H. J. |title=Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la théologie catholique |date=1864 |publisher=Gaume |page=367 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXhkIz7ZemgC&dq=Henri+Spondanus+%226+janvier+1568%22&pg=PA367 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Johannes Hartmann]], German chemist (d. [[1631]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Pharmazeutische Zeitung, vereinigt mit Apotheker-Zeitung |date=1957 |publisher=Govi-Verlag Pharmazeutischer Verlag GmbH |page=1326 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMEZb9LZSPUC&q=%20%2214%20januar%201568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Daniel Cramer]], German theologian (d. [[1637]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Das Reformationszeitalter |date=1886 |publisher=LS Ehlermann |location=Dresden |page=142 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d2o9myYh8zkC&dq=Daniel+Cramer+%2220+januar+1568%22&pg=PA142 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Gustav of Sweden (1568–1607)|Gustav of Sweden]], Swedish prince (d. [[1607]])
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg]], countess (d. [[1636]])
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Péter Révay]], Hungarian historian (d. [[1622]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Irodalomtörténeti közlemények |date=1977 |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |page=494 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LxNZAAAAMAAJ&q=%221568.%20febru%C3%A1r%202.%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=hu}}</ref>
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Honoré d'Urfé]], French writer (d. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Germa |first1=Bernard |title=L'Astrée d'Honoré d'Urfé: sa composition - son influence |date=1904 |publisher=E. Privat |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BpFAQAAMAAJ&dq=Honor%C3%A9+d%27Urf%C3%A9+%2211+fevrier+1568%22&pg=PA13 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Aloysius Gonzaga]], Italian Jesuit and saint (d. [[1591]])<ref>{{cite web |title=LUIGI Gonzaga, santo - Treccani |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/santo-luigi-gonzaga_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ |website=Treccani |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Juan Martínez Montañés]], Spanish sculptor (d. [[1649]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Díaz |first1=José Hernández |last2=Montañés |first2=Juan Martínez |title=Juan Martínez Montañés (1568-1649) |date=1987 |publisher=Ediciones Guadalquivir |isbn=978-84-86080-04-4 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGjqAAAAMAAJ&q=Juan+Mart%C3%ADnez+Monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s+%2216+de+marzo+de+1568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Johannes Polyander]], Dutch theologian (d. [[1646]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Johannes Polyander: een dienaar van kerk en universiteit |date=24 December 2018 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-38189-6 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAD1DwAAQBAJ&q=%20%2228%20maart%201568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Henry Wotton]], English author and diplomat (d. [[1639]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharp |first1=Robert Farquharson |title=A Dictionary of English Authors, Biographical and Bibliographical |date=1904 |publisher=K. Paul, Trench, Trübner |isbn=978-0-87821-045-9 |page=305 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPQXAAAAMAAJ&dq=Henry+Wotton+%2230+march+1568%22&pg=PA305 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Pope Urban VIII]] (d. [[1644]])<ref>{{cite web |title=URBANO VIII |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/urbano-viii_(Enciclopedia-dei-Papi)/ |website=Treccani |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[George Brooke (conspirator)|George Brooke]], English aristocrat (d. [[1603]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=McKeen |first1=David |title=A Memory of Honour: The Life of William Brooke, Lord Cobham |date=1986 |publisher=Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Universität Salzburg |page=162 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMQgAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2217%20april%201568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Frederick II, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp]] (d. [[1587]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Johann Friedrich |title=Vollständigere Staatsbeschreibung des Herzogthums Schleswig |date=1770 |publisher=Korte |page=192 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T41YAAAAcAAJ&dq=Friedrich+II+%2221+april+1568%22&pg=PA192 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza]], Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal (d. [[1630]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía |publisher=RAMHG |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Usw-0zh9bMQC&dq=Teod%C3%B3sio+II+%2228+de+abril+de+1568%22&pg=PA152 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Guglielmo Caccia]], Italian painter (d. [[1625]])
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg]], German prince of the House of Ascania (d. [[1630]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deinet |first1=Klaus |title=Christian I. von Anhalt-Bernburg (1568-1630): Eine Biographie des Scheiterns |date=15 July 2020 |publisher=Kohlhammer Verlag |isbn=978-3-17-038317-3 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6zxDwAAQBAJ&q=%2211%20mai%201568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Anna Vasa of Sweden]], Swedish princess (d. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Norrman |first1=David Emanuel |title=Sigismund Vasa och hans regering i Polen (1587-1632) |date=1978 |publisher=Norstedt |isbn=978-91-1-783362-6 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8tWAAAAYAAJ&q=%2217%20maj%201568%22 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=sv}}</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Virginia de' Medici]], [[Duchess of Modena and Reggio]] (d. [[1615]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Miscellanea di storia italiana |date=1869 |publisher=Bocca |page=326 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtJTAAAAcAAJ&dq=Virginia+de%27+Medici+%2229+maggio+1568%22&pg=PA826 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Sophie of Brandenburg]], Regent of Saxony (1591–1601) (d. [[1622]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Allgemeine deutsche Biographie ...: Senckenberg |date=1892 |publisher=Duncker & Humblot |page=689 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXjRaAn_b4MC&dq=Sophie+von+Brandenburg+%226+juni+1568%22&pg=PA689 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Gunilla Bielke]], Queen of Sweden (d. [[1597]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hofberg |first1=Herman |title=Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon |date=1906 |publisher=Albert Bonniers |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qk7AQAAMAAJ&dq=Gunilla+Bielke+%2225+juni+1568%22&pg=PA89 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=sv}}</ref>
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], German Catholic bishop (d. [[1623]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde |date=1889 |publisher=Harzverein |page=233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1OIGPJcPOaoC&dq=Philipp+Sigismund+%221+juli+1568%22&pg=PA233 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Hercule, Duke of Montbazon]] (d. [[1654]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Simplicien |first1=Paul Lucas |title=L'Etat de la France... Des troupes de la Maison du Roi... |date=1749 |publisher=chez d'Houry fils |page=512 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iu0P892ySTgC&dq=Hercule+de+Rohan+%2227+aout+1568%22&pg=PA512 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Adriano Banchieri]], Italian composer (d. [[1634]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Unger |first1=Melvin P. |title=Historical Dictionary of Choral Music |date=14 August 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2434-5 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGjQEAAAQBAJ&dq=Adriano+Banchieri+%223+september+1568%22&pg=PA32 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Tommaso Campanella]], Italian theologian and poet (d. [[1639]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Germana Ernst|title=Tommaso Campanella: The Book and the Body of Nature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFhnDDX6oU8C&pg=PA2|date=16 March 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-90-481-3126-6|pages=2}}</ref>
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Marino Ghetaldi]], Croatian mathematician and physicist (d. [[1626]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Marino Ghetaldi - Biography |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ghetaldi/ |website=Maths History |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Henry Wallop (died 1642)|Henry Wallop]], English politician (d. [[1642]])<ref>{{cite web |title=WALLOP, Henry (1568-1642), of Farleigh Wallop, Hants. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/wallop-henry-1568-1642 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (d. [[1636]])
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Jonathan Trelawny (High Sheriff of Cornwall)|Jonathan Trelawny]], English politician (d. [[1604]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rowe |first1=Joshua Brooking |title=A History of the Borough of Plympton Erle: The Castle and Manor of Plympton, and of the Ecclesiastical Parish of Plympton St. Thomas, in the County of Devon |date=1906 |publisher=J.G. Commin |pages=232–233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_UVAAAAYAAJ&dq=Jonathan+Trelawny+17+december+1568&pg=PA232 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''date unknown''
** [[Nikolaus Ager]], French botanist (d. [[1634]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leibrock-Plehn |first1=Larissa |title=Hexenkräuter oder Arznei: die Abtreibungsmittel im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert |date=1992 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft |isbn=978-3-8047-1200-3 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ysMeAQAAIAAJ&q=Nikolaus+Ager+%221568%22 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
** [[John Welsh of Ayr]], Scottish Presbyterian leader<ref>{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=James |title=Life of John Welsh, Minister of Ayr: Including Illustrations of the Contemporary Ecclesiastical History of Scotland and France |date=1866 |publisher=J. Maclaren |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EEIFAAAAYAAJ&dq=John+Welsh+%221568%22&pg=PA9 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester]] (d. [[1648]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cokayne |first1=George Edward |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Canonteign to Cutts |date=1913 |publisher=St. Catherine Press, Limited |page=198 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FglBQqITgvYC&dq=Edward+Chichester+%221568%22&pg=PA198 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Nakagawa Hidemasa]], Japanese military leader (d. [[1592]])
** [[Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl]], Mexican historian (d. [[1648]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cayne |first1=Bernard S. |title=The Encyclopedia Americana |date=1981 |publisher=Grolier |isbn=978-0-7172-0112-9 |page=634 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YhoaAAAAMAAJ&q=Fernando+de+Alva+Cort%C3%A9s+%221568%22 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Gervase Markham]], English poet and writer (d. [[1637]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Markham, Gervase|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-18065|year=2004 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/18065}}</ref>
** [[Robert Wintour]], English conspirator (executed [[1606]])
** [[Wei Zhongxian]], Grand Secretary of China (d. [[1627]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McMahon |first1=Keith |title=The Potent Eunuch: The Story of Wei Zhongxian |journal=Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture |date=2014 |volume=1 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–28 |doi=10.1215/23290048-2749359 |s2cid=162821741 |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/jclc/article-abstract/1/1-2/1/9994/The-Potent-Eunuch-The-Story-of-Wei-Zhongxian |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref>
** [[Ōtsu Ono]], Japanese woman poet, koto, and writer (believed to have learned how to write from Nobutada Konoe) (d. 1631)

== Deaths ==
[[File:Albrecht von Hohenzollern.jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|[[Albert, Duke of Prussia]]]]
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Lady Catherine Grey]], Countess of Hertford (b. [[1540]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Stedall|title=The Challenge to the Crown: Volume I: The Struggle for Influence in the Reign of Mary Queen of Scots 1542-1567|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3kcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157|date=26 July 2012|publisher=Book Guild Publishing|isbn=978-1-84624-646-3|pages=157|language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Hendrick van Brederode]], Dutch reformer (b. [[1531]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brink |first1=Jan ten |title=De eerste jaren der Nederlandsche revolutie (1555-1568) |date=1882 |publisher=Elsevier |page=208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3NWAAAAcAAJ&dq=Hendrik+van+Brederode+%2215+februari+1568%22&pg=PA208 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell]], English noblewoman (b.c. [[1518]])
* [[March 20]] (plague)
** [[Albert, Duke of Prussia]] (b. [[1490]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hartmann |first1=Stefan |title=Herzog Albrecht von Preussen und Livland (1565-1570): Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv |date=2008 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar |isbn=978-3-412-20176-0 |page=145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vL9fznIFI8C&dq=Albrecht+von+Preu%C3%9Fen+%2220+marz+1568%22&pg=PA145 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
** [[Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], Duchess of Prussia (b. [[1532]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hale |first1=Sarah Josepha Buell |title=A Cyclopædia of Female Biography ... [A revised abridgement, with additions, of "Woman's Record".] Edited by H.G. Adams |date=1857 |publisher=Groombridge & Sons |location=London |page=44 |url=https://archive.org/details/acyclopdiafemal00cyclgoog/page/44/mode/2up?q=1568 |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Adolf of Nassau (1540–1568)|Adolf of Nassau]], Count of Nassau, Dutch soldier (b. [[1540]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beausar |first1=Nicolaas Godfried |title=Nederland |date=1852 |publisher=Verkonteren |page=64 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hpjJ3CyluZoC&dq=Adolf+van+Nassau+%2223+mei+1568%22&pg=PA64 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Onofrio Panvinio]], Italian Augustinian historian (b. [[1529]])<ref>{{cite web |title=PANVINIO, Onofrio - Treccani |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/onofrio-panvinio_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ |website=Treccani |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Michele Saraceni]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1498]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 20, 1551 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1551-ii.htm#Saraceni |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Bernardo Salviati]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1508]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of February 26, 1561 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1561.htm#Salviati |website=cardinals.fiu.edu}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Anna of Lorraine]] (b. [[1522]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Histoire de Lorraine |date=1757 |publisher=Chez A. Leseure |page=cxcix |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ovH5kySXgfsC&dq=Anne+de+Lorraine+%2215+mai+1568%22&pg=PR199 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg]] (b. [[1528]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aa |first1=A. J. van der |title=Geschied- en Aadrijkskundige Beschrijving van het Koningrijk der Nederlanden en het Groothertogdom. Luxemburg |date=1841 |publisher=J. Noorduyn and Son |page=308 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBWC1Ok_T0gC&dq=Jan+van+Ligne+%2223+mei+1568%22&pg=PA308 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Andrés de Urdaneta]], Spanish explorer (b. [[1508]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Duro |first1=Cesáreo Fernández |title=Armada española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y de León |date=1896 |publisher=Sucesores de Rivadeneyra |page=249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=betMAAAAMAAJ&dq=Andr%C3%A9s+de+Urdaneta+%223+de+junio+de+1568%22&pg=PA249 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[June 5]]
** [[Lamoral, Count of Egmont]], Flemish statesman (b. [[1522]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fagel |first1=Raymond |title=Protagonists of War: Spanish Army Commanders and the Revolt in the Low Countries |date=1 October 2021 |publisher=Leuven University Press |isbn=978-94-6270-287-5 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyZAEAAAQBAJ&dq=Lamoral,+Count+of+Egmont+%225+june+1568%22&pg=PA52 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn]] (b. c. [[1524]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Horn |url=https://dutchrevolt.leiden.edu/dutch/personen/H/Pages/horn.aspx |website=dutchrevolt.leiden.edu |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] and Prince of Wolfenbüttel 1514–1568 (b. [[1489]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Kleines Conversations-Lexikon |date=1855 |publisher=Herder |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HA5CAAAAcAAJ&dq=Heinrich+II+%2211+juni+1568%22&pg=PA264 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Levinus Lemnius]], Dutch writer (b. [[1505]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nagtglas |first1=F. |title=Levinus Lemnius en Zierikzee in de eerste helft der zestiende eeuw |date=1869 |publisher=Altorffer |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYlnAAAAcAAJ&dq=Levinus+Lemnius+%221+juli+1568%22&pg=PA15 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Johannes Oporinus]], Swiss printer (b. [[1507]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Deutschland: Neuere Zeit |date=1883 |publisher=R. Oldenbourg |page=158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6l5GAQAAMAAJ&dq=Johannes+Oporinus+%226+juli+1568%22&pg=PA158 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[William Turner (naturalist)|William Turner]], British ornithologist and botanist (b. [[1508]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Turner, William|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-27874|year=2004 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/27874}}</ref>
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Carlos, Prince of Asturias]], son of [[Philip II of Spain]] (b. [[1545]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sarmiento |first1=Francisco Javier Puerto |title=El Príncipe Don Carlos de Austria: Un hombre desesperado. Historia y Leyenda. |date=2022 |publisher=Editorial Sanz Y Torres S.l. |isbn=978-84-18316-64-7 |page=216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9hhEAAAQBAJ&q=%2224%20de%20julio%20de%201568%22 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Stanislaus Kostka]], Polish saint (b. [[1550]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Podręczna encyklopedya kościelna |date=1913 |publisher=Skład głowny w Księgarni Gebethnera i S ka |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIRTAAAAYAAJ&dq=Stanislaus+Kostka+%2215+sierpnia+1568%22&pg=PA75 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Jean Parisot de Valette]], 49th [[Grand Master (order)|Grandmaster]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] (b. [[1495]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 |date=1984 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-162-0 |page=936 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrUNi2m_qZAC&dq=Jean+Parisot+de+Valette+%2221+august+1568%22&pg=PA936 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton]] (b. [[1495]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Wharton, Thomas, first Baron Wharton|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-29172|year=2004 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/29172}}</ref>
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Leonor de Cisneros]], Spanish Protestant (b. [[1536]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Acuña |first1=Manuela Josefa Reynoso |title=Algunos aspectos de la reforma cristiana en España, en el siglo XVI. |date=1963 |publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aftWAAAAMAAJ&q=Leonor+de+Cisneros+%2226+de+septiembre+de+1568%22 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Anna Pehrsönernas moder]], influential Swedish courtier (b. year unknown)
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Jöran Persson]], Swedish politician (b. c. [[1530]]) (executed)<ref>{{cite web |title=Jöran Persson - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=12296 |website=sok.riksarkivet.se |access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Elisabeth of Valois]], Queen of [[Philip II of Spain]] (b. [[1545]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=St James Press|author2=Anthony Levi|author3=Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi|title=Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-159-6|page=372|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Jacques Arcadelt]], Flemish composer (b. [[1504]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Unger |first1=Melvin P. |title=Historical Dictionary of Choral Music |date=14 August 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2434-5 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGjQEAAAQBAJ&dq=Jacques+Arcadelt+%2214+october+1568%22&pg=PA18 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis]], German theologian (b. [[1517]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freytag |first1=Hermann |title=Die Preussen auf der Universität Wittenberg und die nichtpreussischen Schüler Wittenbergs in Preussen von 1502 bis 1602 |date=1903 |publisher=Duncker & Humblot |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6E-frfBCGr4C&dq=Joannes+Aurifaber+%2219+oktober+1568%22&pg=PA93-IA8 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Ashikaga Yoshihide]], Japanese shōgun (b. [[1538]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1502–1568)|Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], duchess consort of Pomerania (b. [[1502]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Braunschweigisches Magazin |date=1899 |publisher=J. Zwissler. |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXsKAAAAIAAJ&dq=Anna+von+Braunschweig+%226+november+1568%22&pg=RA3-PA70 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[John Radcliffe (died 1568)|John Radcliffe]], English politician (b. [[1539]])<ref>{{cite web |title=RADCLIFFE, Sir John (1539-68), of Old Cleeve, Som. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/radcliffe-sir-john-1539-68 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[Roger Ascham]], tutor of [[Elizabeth I of England]] (b. [[1515]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nicholas |first1=Lucy R. |last2=Law |first2=Ceri |title=Roger Ascham and His Sixteenth-Century World |date=23 November 2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-38228-2 |page=296 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2ULEAAAQBAJ&q=%2230%20december%201568%22 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Henry V, Burgrave of Plauen]] (b. [[1533]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Mitteilungen des Altertumsvereins zu Plauen: Jahresschrift |date=1885 |publisher=Neupert |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uxmNa8kAcqsC&dq=Heinrich+V+%2224+dezember+1568%22&pg=PA55 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Christoph, Duke of Württemberg]] (b. [[1515]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vochezer |first1=Joseph |title=Geschichte des fürstlichen Hauses Waldburg in Schwaben |date=1907 |publisher=Kösel |page=462 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dt4SAAAAYAAJ&dq=Christoph+von+W%C3%BCrttemberg+%2228+dezember+1568%22&pg=PA462 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Shimazu Tadayoshi]], Japanese warlord (b. [[1493]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Garcia de Orta]], Portuguese Jewish physician (b. [[1501]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Medicine and the Inquisition in the Early Modern World |date=1 July 2019 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-38646-4 |page=102 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kS2hDwAAQBAJ&dq=Garcia+de+Orta+%221568%22&pg=PA102 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Dirk Philips]], early Dutch Anabaptist writer and theologian (b. [[1504]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krahn |first1=Cornelius |title=Dutch Anabaptism: Origin, Spread, Life and Thought (1450–1600) |date=6 December 2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-015-0609-0 |page=230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SnboCAAAQBAJ&dq=Dirk+Philips+%221568%22&pg=PA230 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Yan Song]], Chinese prime minister (b. [[1481]])
** [[Amato Lusitano]], Portuguese physician (b. [[1511]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Bibliography of the History of Medicine |date=1964 |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2o9ESMNTj4C&dq=Amatus+Lusitanus+%221568%22&pg=PA12 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1568}}
[[Category:1568| ]]