Editing 1560

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1560}}
{{Year nav|1560}}
[[File:LivoniaKnight.jpg|thumb|150px|[[August 2]]: The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] are defeated.]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
[[File:White tulips 5409.jpg|thumb|[[Tulip]]s arrive in [[Habsburg Netherlands|the Netherlands]].]]

Year '''1560''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 7]] &ndash; In the [[Kingdom of Scotland]], [[Kingdom of France|French]] troops commanded by [[Henri Cleutin]] and Captain [[Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous]] sail across the [[Firth of Forth]] from [[Leith]], which they are occupying, and fight with the [[Lords of the Congregation]] at Pettycur Bay near [[Kinghorn]].
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Berwick (1560)|Treaty of Berwick]]: Terms are agreed upon with the Lords of the Congregation in Scotland, for forces of the [[Kingdom of England]] to enter Scotland, to expel French troops defending the Regency of [[Mary of Guise]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Huguenot Society of London|title=Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shvkAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Huguenot Society of London|page=633}}</ref> 
* [[March 7]] &ndash; A Spanish-led expedition, commanded by [[Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli]], overruns the Tunisian island of [[Djerba]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Juan de la Cerda y Silva |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/13856/juan-de-la-cerda-y-silva |website=dbe.rah.es |access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; Leaders of the [[Amboise conspiracy]], including Godefroy de Barry, seigneur de La Renaudie, make an unsuccessful attempt to storm the château of [[Amboise]], where the young French king and queen are residing.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boisson |first1=Didier |last2=Daussy |first2=Hugues |title=Les Protestants dans la France moderne |date=2006 |publisher=Belin |isbn=978-2-7011-3334-8 |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3jZAAAAMAAJ&q=Jean+du+Barry+Amboise+%2217+mars+1560%22 |access-date=20 October 2023 |language=fr}}</ref> La Renaudie is subsequently caught and executed, along with over 1,000 of his followers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pitts |first1=Vincent J. |title=Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age |date=5 January 2009 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-9027-7 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLQ-DiXXyvsC&dq=Jean+du+Barry+%221000%22+1560&pg=PA17 |access-date=20 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Bairam Khan]], the [[Vakil of the Mughal Empire|Vakil]] or prime minister of India's [[Mughal Empire]], is forced to retire by the [[Akbar the Great|Emperor Akbar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=John F. |title=The Mughal Empire |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&dq=Bairam+Khan+mughal+%221560%22&pg=PA14 |access-date=22 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Denmark–Norway]] buys the [[Terra Mariana|Estonia]]n island of [[Ösel]], from its [[Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek|last prince-bishop]].
* [[May 11]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Djerba]], the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] fleet, commanded by [[Piali Pasha]], overwhelms a large joint European (mainly Spanish) fleet, sinking about half its ships.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glete |first1=Jan |title=Warfare at Sea, 1500-1650: Maritime Conflicts and the Transformation of Europe |date=4 January 2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-61078-5 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4SEAgAAQBAJ&dq=half+djerba++Piali+Pasha+%2211+may+1560%22&pg=PA103 |access-date=20 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 12]] (19th day of 5th month of [[Eiroku]] 3) &ndash; In Japan, [[Oda Nobunaga]] defeats [[Imagawa Yoshimoto]] in the [[Battle of Okehazama]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YvEpAQAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=978-0-87011-626-1|page=83}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 6]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Edinburgh]] is signed between England, France and Scotland, ending the [[Siege of Leith]]. The French withdraw from Scotland, largely ending the ''[[Auld Alliance]]'' between the two countries, and also ending the wars between England and its northern neighbour.<ref>{{cite book|author=Great Britain. Public Record Office|title=Calendar of State Papers: Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nio5AQAAMAAJ|year=1966|page=174|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Livonian War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ergeme]]: [[Tsardom of Russia|Russians]] defeat the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]], precipitating the dissolution of the order.
* [[August 17]] &ndash; The [[Scottish Reformation Parliament]] adopts a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] confession of faith and [[Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560|rejects papal authority]], beginning the [[Scottish Reformation]], and disestablishing [[Roman Catholicism in Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland |url=https://www.rps.ac.uk/ |website=www.rps.ac.uk |access-date=21 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Burnet |first1=George B. |title=The holy communion in the reformed Church of Scotland, 1560-1960 |date=1960 |publisher=Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd |page=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/holycommunioninr0000burn/page/n17/mode/2up?q=1560 |access-date=21 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; A [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 1560|total eclipse of the sun]] is observable in Europe, which inspires [[Tycho Brahe]]'s interest in astronomy.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Observatory |date=1890 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |location=London |page=397 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LYJRAAAAYAAJ&dq=solar+eclipse+21+august+1560+%22europe%27&pg=PA397 |access-date=21 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 18]] &ndash; After [[Robert Sempill, 3rd Lord Sempill]], a Scottish Catholic, continues to resist the [[Scottish Reformation]], the [[James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault|Duke of Châtellerault]] and the [[James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran|Earl of Arran]] commence a siege of [[Castle Semple]] at [[Lochwinnoch]]. They begin firing artillery at the castle on September 23 and destroy [[The Peel of Castle Semple|the gatehouse]]. 
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Eric XIV of Sweden|Eric XIV]] becomes [[monarchy of Sweden|King]] of [[Sweden]], upon the death of his father, [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rudbeck |first1=Ture Gustaf |title=Försök till beskrifning öfver Sveriges städer i historiskt, topografiskt och statistiskt hänseende|date=1855 |publisher=Albert Bonniers förlag |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZgNAQAAIAAJ&dq=gustav+eric+xiv+sverige+%2229+september+1560%22&pg=PA16 |access-date=21 October 2023 |language=sv}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 4]] &ndash; Queen Elizabeth of England notifies the official treasurers and Lords Mayor throughout the kingdom that the existing coins will be replaced and that those in circulation are to be devalued, to be stricken with a special mark to indicate lesser worth. Treasurers are all instructed to send the coins withdrawn from circulation to be sent to the Royal Mint to be melted down for the new coins.<ref>John Stow, ''The Chronicles of England from Brute unto this Present Year of 1580'' (Henry Bynneman for Ralph Newbury, Cum Privilegio, London 1580), [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A13043.0001.001/1:47?rgn=div1;view=fulltext p. 1115] (Umich/eebo).</ref>
* [[October 19]] &ndash; The siege of Castle Semple ends after 31 days when the defenders wave the white flag of surrender.<ref>{{Cite book|author=William M. Metcalfe|year=1905|title=A History of the County of Renfrew from the Earliest Times|publisher=Alexander Gardener|page=213}}</ref> 
* [[October 29]] &ndash; Queen Elizabeth directs the minting of the first [[Milled coinage|machine produced coins]] in the Kingdom to completely replace [[hammered coinage]], produced manually.
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Eloy Mestrelle]] is given authority to commence the production of the new English coinage on machines he has brought over from France for the purpose of mass production.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Symonds|first1= H. |date=1916|title=The mint of Queen Elizabeth and those who worked there|journal=Spink and Son's Numismatic Circular|volume=16 |pages=61–105 }}</ref>
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]] succeeds his brother [[Francis II of France|Francis]] as King of France, after Francis dies of a severe ear infection at the age of 16. Francis's mother (Mary's mother-in-law), [[Catherine de' Medici]], becomes regent of [[Kingdom of France|France]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Isidore Silver|title=Ronsard and the Hellenic Renaissance in France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTHj7__GyXIC&pg=PA382|year=1961|publisher=Librairie Droz|isbn=978-2-600-03094-6|pages=382}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The complete [[Geneva Bible]] is published.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |title=The Geneva Bible of 1560 |journal=Theology Today |date=1960 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=339–352 |doi=10.1177/004057366001700308 |s2cid=170946047 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/004057366001700308?journalCode=ttja |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>
* The first scientific society, the [[Academia Secretorum Naturae]], is founded in [[Naples]] by [[Giambattista della Porta]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Bergin, Thomas G.|title=Encyclopedia of the Renaissance|location=Oxford; New York|publisher=New Market Books|year=1987}}</ref>
* [[Solihull School]] is founded in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] of England.<ref>{{cite book |title=Independent schools yearbook : 1997/98 boys' schools, girls' schools, co-educational schools & preparatory schools |date=1997 |publisher=A & C Black |location=London |isbn=978-0-7136-4752-5 |page=329 |url=https://archive.org/details/independentschoo0000unse_n7m4/page/328/mode/2up?q=solihull |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.solsch.org.uk/page/?title=Our+History&pid=47 |website=solsch.org.uk |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>
* The oldest surviving [[violin]] (dated inside), known as the ''Charles IX'', is made in [[Cremona]], in northern [[Italy]].
* The [[Mongols]] invade and occupy [[Qinghai]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paludan |first1=Ann |title=Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-reign Record Of The Rulers Of Imperial China |date=24 March 2009 |publisher=WW Norton |isbn=978-0-500-28764-4 |page=182 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYzrAAAAMAAJ&q=Qinghai+mongols+%221560%22 |access-date=22 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* The great age of [[piracy in the Caribbean]] starts around this time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Narayan |first1=S. S. |title=Sea Pirates |date=2009 |publisher=Sumit Enterprises |isbn=978-81-8420-167-3 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OoaAQAAMAAJ&q=1560 |access-date=22 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:Maximilien-de-Sully.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully]]]]
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Gaspard Bauhin]], Swiss botanist (d. [[1624]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Benkert |first1=Davina |title=Ökonomien botanischen Wissens: Praktiken der Gelehrsamkeit in Basel um 1600 |date=11 March 2020 |publisher=Schwabe Verlag (Basel) |isbn=978-3-7965-4155-1 |page=62 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cyuvEAAAQBAJ&dq=Gaspard+Bauhin+%2217+januar+1560%22&pg=PA62 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Scipione Dentice]], Neapolitan keyboard composer (d. [[1633]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Dentice, Scipione |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-90000380771 |website=Grove Music Online |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg]], Dutch count (d. [[1620]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Koopmans |first1=Hanno Brand & Joop W. |title=Willem Lodewijk: stadhouder en strateeg (1560-1620-2020) |date=22 March 2022 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=978-90-8704-872-3 |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HldlEAAAQBAJ&q=%20%2213%20maart%201560%22 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Erekle I, Prince of Mukhrani]], Georgian noble (d. [[1605]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; Count [[Jobst of Limburg]] (d. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Schaumburger Studien |date=1963 |publisher=C. Bösendahl. |isbn=978-3-88368-305-8 |page=148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYGNzvGLpRsC&q=%2219%20april%201560%22 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Guido Pepoli]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1599]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 20, 1589 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1589.htm#Pepoli |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Wilhelm Fabry]], German surgeon (d. [[1634]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Meyer-Ahrens |first1=Conrad |title=Wilhelm Fabry, genannt Fabricius von Hilden: eine historische Original-Skizze |date=1865 |publisher=Hirschwald |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-dLAAAAcAAJ&q=%2225%20juni%201560%22 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Paolo Lascaris]], Italian Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (d. [[1657]])
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Charles III de Croÿ]], Belgian noble (d. [[1612]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tournoy |first1=Gilbert |last2=Papy |first2=Jan |last3=Landtsheer |first3=Jeanine |title=Lipsius en Leuven: catalogus van de tentoonstelling in de Centrale Bibliotheek te Leuven, 18 september-17 oktober 1997 |date=1997 |publisher=Leuven University Press |isbn=978-90-6186-836-1 |page=119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=prc5d99Rd5kC&dq=Karel+III+van+Cro%C3%BF+%221+juli+1560%22&pg=PA119 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Margaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland]], English noblewoman and maid of honor to Elizabeth I (d. [[1616]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stephen |first1=Leslie |title=Dictionary of national biography |date=1887 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pJt_tGNchU0C&dq=Margaret+Clifford+%227+july+1560%22&pg=PA68 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Antoine Arnauld (lawyer)|Antoine Arnauld]], French lawyer (d. [[1619]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Larrière |first1=N. de |title=Vie de messire Antoine Arnauld. |date=1783 |publisher=Sigismond d'Arnay |page=377 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PoUen06CDvsC&dq=Antoine+Arnauld+%226+aout+1560%22&pg=PA377 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Báthory]], Hungarian noblewoman and purported serial killer (d. [[1614]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Bathory {{!}} Biography & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-Bathory |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=21 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Hieronymus Praetorius]], German composer (d. [[1629]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Julius Bodensieck|title=N-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dyMOAQAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Augsburg|page=1932|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[James Crichton]], Scottish polymath (d. [[1582]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Phelps |first1=William Lyon |title=Essays on Modern Dramatists |date=1921 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-8369-1476-4 |page=29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmIOAAAAMAAJ&dq=James+Crichton+%2219+august+1560%22&pg=PA29 |access-date=24 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Pak Chin]], Korean naval commander (d. [[1597]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]] (d. [[1600]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lehmann |first1=Johann Georg |title=Vollständige Geschichte des Herzogthums Zweibrücken und seiner Fürsten|date=1867 |publisher=Kaiser |page=474 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EYgR4pPG0QC&q=%224%20september%201560%22 |access-date=24 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Thomas Cavendish]], English naval explorer, leader of the third expedition to circumnavigate the globe (d. [[1592]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Cavendish, Thomas|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-4942|year=2004 |access-date=24 October 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/4942}}</ref>
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Jacobus Arminius]], Dutch theologian (d. [[1609]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hellinga |first1=Gerben |title=Leiders van de Gouden Eeuw |date=2009 |publisher=Walburg Pers |isbn=978-90-5730-623-5 |page=127 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqcdAQAAMAAJ&q=%2210%20oktober%201560%22 |access-date=24 October 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach]] (d. [[1604]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ledderhose |first1=Karl Friedrich |last2=Ledderhose |first2=Carl Friedrich |title=Aus dem Leben des Markgrafen Georg Friedrich von Baden |date=1890 |publisher=C. Winter |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yZ7MB_XFuBYC&dq=Ernst+Friedrich+%2217+oktober+1560%22&pg=PA13 |access-date=24 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[Christian I, Elector of Saxony]] (d. [[1591]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zachmann |first1=Rudolf |title=Die Politik Kursachsens unter Christian I. 1586-1591 |date=1912 |publisher=Franke |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGcUAQAAIAAJ&dq=Christian+I+%2229+oktober+1560%22&pg=PA3 |access-date=24 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[Annibale Carracci]], Italian painter (d. [[1609]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Malvasia's Life of the Carracci: Commentary and Translation |date=2000 |publisher=Penn State Press |isbn=978-0-271-04437-8 |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UrI_nLwBWKcC&q=%20%223%20november%201560%22 |access-date=24 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Charles, Margrave of Burgau]], German nobleman (d. [[1618]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mikovec |first1=Ferdinand Břetislav |title=Alterthümer und Denkwürdigkeiten Böhmens: 1 |date=1860 |publisher=Kober & Markgraf |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SkZbAAAAcAAJ&dq=Karl+von+Burgau+%2222+november+1560%22&pg=PA117 |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Baltasar Marradas]], Count of Spain (d. [[1638]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Rivista del sovrano militare Ordine di Malta |date=1941 |publisher=Scuola tip. pontif. per i figli dei carcerati |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIUX3II-1Z4C&q=%2228%20de%20noviembre%20de%201560%22 |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Jan Gruter]], Dutch critic and scholar (d. [[1627]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wolf |first1=Peter |last2=Geschichte |first2=Haus der Bayerischen |title=Der Winterkönig, Friedrich von der Pfalz: Bayern und Europa im Zeitalter des Dreissigjährigen Krieges |date=2003 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft |isbn=978-3-8062-1810-7 |page=229 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjQiAQAAIAAJ&q=%223%20dezember%201560%22 |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully]], 2nd [[Prime Minister of France]] (d. [[1641]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Antoine Léonard |title=Éloge de Maximilien de Bethune, duc de Bethune, duc de Sully |date=1763 |publisher=Regnard |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pug5AAAAcAAJ&q=%2213%20decembre%201560%22 |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Samuel Sandys (died 1623)|Samuel Sandys]], English politician (d. [[1623]])<ref>{{cite web |title=SANDYS, Sir Samuel (1560-1623), of Ombersley, Worcs. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/sandys-sir-samuel-1560-1623 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang Ernst I of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein]], German count (d. [[1633]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Zeitschrift des Vereins für hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde |date=1862 |publisher=Verein für Hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde |page=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=baZJAAAAYAAJ&dq=Wolfgang+Ernst+I+%2229+dezember+1560%22&pg=PA46 |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* ''date unknown''
** [[Felice Anerio]], Italian composer (d. [[1614]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Tim |last2=Butt |first2=John |title=The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music |date=22 December 2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79273-8 |page=335 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHJvKVq0vXoC&dq=Felice+Anerio+%221560%22&pg=PA335 |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Marco Antonio de Dominis]], Dalmatian archbishop and apostate (d. [[1624]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Malcolm |first1=Noel |title=De Dominis, 1560-1624 : Venetian, Anglican, ecumenist, and relapsed heretic |date=1984 |publisher=Strickland & Scott Academic Publications |location=London |isbn=978-0-947891-00-8 |page=7 |url=https://archive.org/details/dedominis15601620000malc/page/6/mode/2up?q=1560 |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref>
** [[Amalia von Hatzfeld]], Swedish countess governor (d. [[1628]])
** [[Lieven de Key]], Dutch architect (d. [[1627]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Placzek |first1=Adolf K. |title=Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects |date=1982 |publisher=Free Press |isbn=978-0-02-925000-6 |page=533 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYdUAAAAMAAJ&q=%221560%22%20ghent |access-date=25 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Ishida Mitsunari]], Japanese samurai (d. [[1600]])<ref>{{cite book |title=対外関係史辞典 |date=February 2009 |publisher=吉川弘文館 |isbn=978-4-642-01449-6 |page=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmcxAQAAIAAJ&q=%E7%9F%B3%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%89%E6%88%90%E4%BD%90%E5%90%89%E3%80%8C1560%E3%80%8D |access-date=26 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
** [[Hugh Myddelton]], Welsh businessman (d. [[1631]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://biography.wales/article/s-MYDD-ELT-1207|title=Myddelton, of Gwaenynog, Denbigh, Chirk, and Ruthin, Denbighshire, London and Essex|author=[[A. H. Dodd]]|website=Dictionary of Welsh Biography|publisher=National Library of Wales|access-date=May 26, 2021}}</ref>
** [[Anton Praetorius]], German pastor (d. [[1613]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Friedrich Spee, Priester, Mahner und Poet (1591-1635): eine Ausstellung der Diözesan- und Dombibliothek Köln in Zusammenarbeit mit der Friedrich-Spee-Gesellschaft Düsseldorf, 11. Juni bis 9. Oktober 2008 |date=2008 |publisher=Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek |isbn=978-3-939160-16-8 |page=90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_AfAQAAIAAJ&q=Anton+Praetorius+%221560%22+Lippstadt |access-date=26 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* ''probable''
** [[Jan Karol Chodkiewicz]], Polish military commander (d. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Podhorodecki |first1=Leszek |title=Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, 1560-1621 |date=1982 |publisher=Wydawn. Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej |isbn=978-83-11-06707-3 |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CocdAAAAMAAJ&q=Jan+Karol+Chodkiewicz+%221560%22 |access-date=26 October 2023 |language=pl}}</ref>
** [[Adam Haslmayr]], Tyrolean commentator on Rosicrucian manifestos (d. [[1630]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Soukup |first1=Rudolf Werner |title=Chemie in Österreich: von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 18 Jahrhunderts |date=2007 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag Wien |isbn=978-3-205-77567-6 |page=279 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MZq6r1G_NScC&dq=Adam+Haslmayr+%221560%22+bozen&pg=PA279 |access-date=26 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
** [[Ketevan the Martyr]], Georgian queen and saint (d. [[1624]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Gustav Vasa.jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|King [[Gustavus I of Sweden]]]]
[[File:FrancoisII.jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|King [[Francis II of France]]]]
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Joachim du Bellay]], French poet (b. [[1522]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Bibliothèque d'humanisme et Renaissance: Travaux et documents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZ4YAAAAYAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Librairie Droz|page=345|language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Jan Łaski]], Polish Protestant evangelical reformer (b. [[1499]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramet |first1=Sabrina P. |title=The Catholic Church in Polish History: From 966 to the Present |date=22 June 2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-40281-3 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2gpDwAAQBAJ&dq=Jan+%C5%81aski+%228+january+1560%22&pg=PA28 |access-date=26 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Wang Zhi (pirate)|Wang Zhi]], Chinese pirate<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wong |first1=Young-tsu |title=China's Conquest of Taiwan in the Seventeenth Century: Victory at Full Moon |date=5 August 2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-2248-7 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tL4vDwAAQBAJ&dq=Wang+Zhi+%2222+january+1560%22&pg=PA20 |access-date=26 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Bartolommeo Bandinelli]], Florentine sculptor (b. [[1493]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Derek Parker|title=Cellini: Artist, Genius, Fugitive|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mzqAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Sutton|isbn=978-0-7509-2957-8|page=213}}</ref>
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Philip I, Duke of Pomerania]]-Wolgast (b. [[1515]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wehrmann |first1=Martin August Ludwig |title=Geschichte von Pommern |date=1904 |publisher=F.A. Perthes |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtYsT92sRToC&dq=Philipp+I.+%2214+februar+1560%22&pg=RA1-PA58 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Jean du Bellay]], French cardinal and diplomat (b. [[1493]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of May 21, 1535 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1535.htm#Dubellay |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=27 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Pedro Pacheco de Villena]], Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. [[1488]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 16, 1545 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1545.htm |website=cardinals.fiu.edu}}</ref>
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Philip Melanchthon]], German humanist and reformer (b. [[1497]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Mircea Eliade|title=The Encyclopedia of Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sUkAAAAYAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-02-909800-4|page=349|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Mary of Guise]], queen of [[James V of Scotland]] and regent (b. [[1515]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Marie de Guise: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland |url=https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/g/mariedeguise.html |website=www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>
* [[June 12]] 
** [[Imagawa Yoshimoto]], Japanese daimyō (b. [[1519]])<ref>{{cite book |title=今川義元の群像 |publisher=歴史研究会 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnL4DwAAQBAJ&dq=%E4%BB%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%83%E3%80%8E%E6%B0%B8%E7%A6%843%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%8812%E6%97%A5%E3%80%8F&pg=PA51 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=ja}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=The author Kazuhiko KAWAMURA (川村一彦) has published many [[ebooks]] through [[copy-paste]] [[plagiarism]] from the [[Japanese Wikipedia]]. Please see [[:ja:WP:CFW#川村一彦の著作物]] ([[:ja:Special:PermaLink/95865494#川村一彦の著作物|PermaLink]]). |date=February 2024}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=The author Kazuhiko KAWAMURA (川村一彦) has published many [[ebooks]] through [[copy-paste]] [[plagiarism]] from the [[Japanese Wikipedia]]. Please see [[:ja:WP:CFW#川村一彦の著作物]] ([[:ja:Special:PermaLink/95865494#川村一彦の著作物|PermaLink]]). |date=February 2024}}
** [[Ii Naomori]], Japanese warrior (b. [[1506]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Maeda Toshimasa]], Japanese samurai
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Anastasia Romanovna]], Tsarina of Russia, married to Russian Tsar [[Ivan the Terrible]] (b. [[1530]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kallio-Seppä |first1=Titta |last2=Lipkin |first2=Sanna |last3=Väre |first3=Tiina |last4=Moilanen |first4=Ulla |title=Unusual Death and Memorialization: Burial, Space, and Memory in the Post-Medieval North |date=12 August 2022 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-80073-603-0 |page=196 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKRTEAAAQBAJ&q=%227%20august%22 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Amy Robsart]], English noblewoman (b. [[1532]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Watkins |first1=Sarah-Beth |title=The Death of Amy Robsart: An Elizabethan Mystery |date=11 December 2020 |publisher=John Hunt Publishing |isbn=978-1-78904-483-6 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rBQFEAAAQBAJ&dq=Amy+Robsart+%228+september+1560%22&pg=PT9 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Anton Fugger]], German merchant (b. [[1493]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Häberlein |first1=Mark |title=Die Fugger: Geschichte einer Augsburger Familie (1367-1650) |date=2006 |publisher=W. Kohlhammer Verlag |isbn=978-3-17-018472-5 |page=92 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3yK7GjDsE4C&dq=Anton+Fugger+%2214+september+1560%22&pg=PA92 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[September 29]] &ndash; King [[Gustav I of Sweden]] (b. [[1496]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Scholastic Library Publishing|title=Encyclopedia Americana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgzYAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Scholastic Library Pub.|isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6|page=625|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Melchor Cano]], Spanish theologian (b. [[1525]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Díaz |first1=Gonzalo Díaz |title=Hombres y documentos de la filosofía española |date=1980 |publisher=CSIC Press |isbn=978-84-00-05543-1 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lxlj2cSdYjwC&dq=Melchor+Cano+%2230+de+septiembre+de+1560%22&pg=PA106 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[Petrus Lotichius Secundus]], German Neo-Latin poet (b. [[1528]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Klippel |first1=Ge Heimr |title=Deutsche Lebens- u. Charakterbilder aus den drei letzten Jahrhunderten |date=1853 |publisher=Geisler |page=149 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fco5AAAAcAAJ&dq=Petrus+Lotichius+Secundus+%227+november+1560%22&pg=PA149 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Andrea Doria]], Italian naval commander (b. [[1466]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Jane Turner|title=Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CbGfAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Grove's Dictionaries|isbn=978-1-884446-02-3|page=472|language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Georg Sabinus]], German writer (b. [[1508]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heffter |first1=Moritz W. |title=Erinnerung an Georg Sabinus, den trefflichen Dichter, akademischen Lehrer und Diplomaten, den Mitstifter der Universität zu Königsberg in Preussen: zur dritten Jubelfeier der Albertina |date=1844 |publisher=Weigel |page=76 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AzQ6AAAAcAAJ&dq=Georg+Sabinus+%222+december+1560%22&pg=PA76 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[December 5]] &ndash; King [[Francis II of France]] (b. [[1544]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Leon Lievsay|title=Studies in the Continental Background of Renaissance English Literature: Essays Presented to John L. Lievsay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_BZAAAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-0388-6|page=138}}</ref>
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Ernest of Bavaria (1500–1560)|Ernest of Bavaria]], pledge lord of the County of Glatz (b. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlung des Allerhöchsten Kaiserhauses |date=1894 |publisher=A. Schroll & Company |page=165 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOttHLuS_54C&dq=Ernest+von+Bavaria+%227+december+1560%22&pg=PA165 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* Date unknown &ndash; [[Benvenida Abrabanel]], philanthropist and businesswoman.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaufman |first1=Michael |title=The Woman in Jewish Law and Tradition |date=1993 |publisher=J. Aronson |isbn=978-0-87668-346-0 |page=87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wcvXAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%221560%22 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1560}}
[[Category:1560| ]]