Editing 1553

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{{C16 year in topic}}
[[File:Saxonia Museum für saechsische Vaterlandskunde I 37.jpg|thumb|300px|[[July 9]]: [[Battle of Sievershausen]]]]
Year '''1553''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

===January&ndash;March===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Metz (1552)|siege of Metz]] in France, started by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] during the [[Italian War of 1551–59]] on October 19 last<ref>Victor Duruy, ''A Short History of France'' (J. M. Dent & sons, Ltd. 1918) p.501</ref> is lifted after 75 days. During the city's  defense by the [[Francis, Duke of Guise|Duke of Guise]] and 6,000 soldiers, Charles V had lost two-thirds of his original force  of at least 20,000 men.<ref>Robert Knecht, ''The Valois Kings of France 1328-1589'' (Bloomsbury Academic, 2007) p.149 ("By the time Charles V lifted the siege, on 2 January 1553, his army had dwindled to a third of its original size.")</ref>
* [[February 17]] &ndash; In [[India]], [[Timmaraja Wodeyar II]] becomes the sixth [[maharaja]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (a vassal state of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]), after the death of his father, the Maharaja [[Chamaraja Wodeyar III]]. 
* [[February 21]] &ndash; Lieutenant General Luis Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio temporarily serves as the [[List of viceroys of Naples|Spanish Viceroy of Naples]] (in modern-day Italy) upon the death of his father, [[Pedro Álvarez de Toledo]]. Luis steps down after [[Pedro Pacheco de Villena]] is appointed as the new Viceroy in June.
* [[March 1]] &ndash; The second (and last) session of the Parliament of England during the reign of King Edward VI is opened by the King at Westminster and lasts until March 31. Sir [[James Dyer]] serves during the session as Speaker of the House of Commons.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Tudor England'', ed. by John A. Wagner, et al. (ABC-CLIO, 2011) p.12</ref>

===April&ndash;June===
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa]], leader of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]] in modern-day [[Iraq]], is recognized by [[Pope Julius III]] as the Patriarch of [[Mosul]].<ref>David Wilmshurst, ''The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913'' (Peeters Publishers, 2000) pp.21–22</ref>  
* [[May 12]] &ndash;  [[St Albans]], in [[Kingdom of England|England]], receives its first [[royal charter]] as a borough.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Townson |first1=E. W. |title=St. Albans & Its Pageant: Being the Official Souvenir of the Pageant Held July, 1907 |date=1907 |publisher=Smith's printing agency |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08osAAAAYAAJ&dq=st+albans+%22may+1553%22&pg=PA25 |access-date=5 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mason |first1=Frederick B. |title=Gibbs' illustrated handbook to St. Albans |date=1884 |publisher=Gibbs & Bamforth |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dAoHAAAAQAAJ&dq=st+albans+%22may+1553%22&pg=PA35 |access-date=5 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 25]] &ndash; Lady [[Jane Grey]], a 16-year-old first cousin of King Edward VI of England, marries [[Lord Guildford Dudley]], son of the [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Duke of Northumberland]], who has engineered the marriage.
* [[June 3]] &ndash; The first of the five [[Battles of Kawanakajima]], the "Battle of the Fuse," commences in Japan between [[Takeda Shingen]] of [[Kai Province]] and [[Uesugi Kenshin]] of [[Echigo Province]]. The clash, fought 12 days after Shingen has taken [[Katsurao Castle]], takes place at a shrine of [[Hachiman]] (near modern-day [[Yashiro, Hyōgo|Yashiro]], [[Hyōgo prefecture]]), is part of a major series of conflicts during the Japanese [[Sengoku period]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Turnbull (historian) |title=The Samurai Sourcebook |publisher=Cassell & Co. |year=1998 |isbn=1-85409-523-4 |page=212}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; On his deathbed, King Edward summons prominent English judges and signs his devise of the throne to Lady Jane Grey.
* [[June 21]] &ndash; Under threats from the Duke of Northumberland, the devise by King Edward to make Jane Grey the heir to the throne is signed by over 100 prominent persons.
* [[June 26]] &ndash; Two new schools, [[Christ's Hospital]]<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the School|url=https://www.christs-hospital.org.uk/about-ch/history-of-the-school/|website=Christ's Hospital|access-date=26 March 2017}}</ref><ref>https://privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/royal-charters/chartered-bodies/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621160229/https://privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/royal-charters/chartered-bodies/ |date=June 21, 2019 }} retrieved 24 Mar 2017</ref> and [[King Edward's School, Witley]], are created by [[royal charter]] in accordance with the will of King [[Edward VI of England]]; [[St Thomas' Hospital]], London, in existence since the 12th century, is named in the same charter.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 February 2002 |url=http://www.gktgazette.com/2002/feb/features.asp#3 |title=St Thomas's Hospital – A Concise History |work=gkt gazette |publisher=Guy's, King's & St. Thomas's Hospitals Medical & Dental Schools |archive-date=25 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025233419/http://www.gktgazette.com/2002/feb/features.asp#3 }}</ref>

===July&ndash;September===
* [[July 6]] &ndash; King [[Edward VI|King Edward VI of England]] dies at the age of 15 after a reign of only six years. 
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Battle of Sievershausen]]: [[Prince-elector]] [[Maurice, Elector of Saxony|Maurice of Saxony]] defeats the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] forces of [[Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach|Margrave Albert of Brandenburg-Kulmbach]]. Maurice is mortally wounded.<ref name="Lindsay1999">{{cite book|author=Thomas M. Lindsay|title=A History of the Reformation, 2 Volumes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3xKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA506|date=8 October 1999|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-57910-283-8|pages=506}}</ref>
* [[July 10]] &ndash; Four days after the death of her cousin King [[Edward VI of England]], [[Lady Jane Grey]] is proclaimed [[Queen regnant|Queen]] of England &ndash; a position she holds for the next nine days.<ref>{{cite book|author=Derrik Mercer|title=Chronicle of the Royal Family|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivo9okUs30wC|date=February 1993|publisher=Chronicle Communications|isbn=978-1-872031-20-0|pages=160–166}}</ref>
* [[July 19]] &ndash; The [[Lord Mayor of London]] proclaims [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] the rightful [[Queen regnant|Queen]], following a change of allegiance by the Privy Council; [[Lady Jane Grey]] voluntarily [[Abdication|abdicates]].<ref name="Tallis2016">{{cite book|author=Nicola Tallis|title=Crown of Blood: The Deadly Inheritance of Lady Jane Grey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5P-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT10|date=6 December 2016|publisher=Pegasus Books|isbn=978-1-68177-287-5|pages=10–}}</ref>
* [[August 3]] &ndash; Queen [[Mary I of England]] arrives in London from [[East Anglia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tittler |first1=Robert |title=The reign of Mary I |date=1983 |publisher=Longman |pages=8–12|isbn=978-0-582-35333-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/reignofmaryi0000titt/page/12/mode/2up?q=mary |access-date=5 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]], is tried and convicted of treason for his role in putting his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, on the throne.<ref>[[Eric Ives]] (2009): ''Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery'' Wiley-Blackwell. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-9413-6}}. Pages 96-7.</ref>
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of England|English]] explorer [[Richard Chancellor]] enters the [[White Sea]] and reaches [[Arkhangelsk]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howorth |first1=Sir Henry Hoyle |title=History of the Mongols: From the 9th to the 19th Century |date=1880 |publisher=Burt Franklin |isbn=978-0-343-14643-6 |page=491 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gJsUAQAAIAAJ&dq=Richard+Chancellor+white+sea+Arkhangelsk+%22august+1553%22&pg=PA491 |access-date=5 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He goes on afterwards to the court of [[Ivan IV of Russia]], opening up trade between England and [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]].
* [[September 23]] &ndash; The [[Sadians]] consolidate their power in [[Morocco]], by defeating the last of their enemies.
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Anglican]] [[bishop]]s in England are arrested, and [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[bishop]]s are restored.

===October&ndash;December===
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Şehzade Mustafa]], oldest son of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]], is executed in [[Konya]] by order of his father.<ref>[http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/neareast/ne13.html#Suleiman ''A General History of the Middle East'', Chapter 13: Ottoman Era, Suleiman the Magnificent], xenohistorian.faithweb.com; accessed January 8, 2015.</ref>
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Geneva|Geneva's]] governing council [[execution by burning|burns]] [[Michael Servetus]] at the stake as a [[heresy|heretic]].<ref name="michael">{{cite book |last1=Jedin |first1=Hubert |last2=Dolan |first2=John Patrick |title=History of the Church: Reformation and Counter Reformation |date=1980 |publisher=Burns & Oates |isbn=978-0-86012-085-8 |page=382 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJHYAAAAMAAJ&dq=geneva+Michael+Servetus+heretic+%2227+october+1553%22&pg=PA382 |access-date=5 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Lady Jane Grey]], who had claimed the title of Queen of England for nine days, is convicted of [[high treason]], along with her husband Lord Guilford Dudley, two of Dudley's brothers, and [[Thomas Cranmer]], the former [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], after trial conducted by a special commission at [[Guildhall, London|Guildhall]] in the [[City of London]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5P-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT172 |title=Crown of Blood: The Deadly Inheritance of Lady Jane Grey|first=Nicola|last=Tallis|date=6 December 2016|publisher=Pegasus Books|via=Google Books|isbn=9781681772875}}</ref> Referred to by the court as "Jane Dudley, wife of Guildford", Lady Jane is found to have treacherously assumed the title and the power of the monarch of England, as evidenced by a number of documents she had signed as "Jane the Quene". All five defendants are sentenced to death. Beheading is the sentence for the men, while Lady Jane is to either be "burned alive on [[Tower Hill]] or beheaded as the Queen pleases", with the decision (for a private decapitation) to be made by Queen Mary.<ref>{{cite book|first=Eric|last=Ives|author-link=Eric Ives|title=Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery |year=2009|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Malden MA; Oxford UK|isbn=978-1-4051-9413-6 |pages=251–252, 334}}; {{Cite book | last = Bellamy| first = John| title = The Tudor Law of Treason| year =1979 | publisher = Routlegde, Kegan & Paul| place = Toronto | isbn = 0-7100-8729-2 |page=54}}</ref>
* [[November 16]] &ndash; A delegation from the English Parliament formally asks the new queen, Mary I, to choose an English husband rather than to marry Spain's [[Philip II of Spain|Prince Philip]], and suggests [[Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weikel |first=Ann |location=The Marian Council Revisited |editor1-last=Tittler |editor1-first=Robert |editor2-last=Loach |editor2-first=Jennifer |title=The Mid-Tudor Polity c.1540-1560 |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |year=1980 |url=https://archive.org/details/midtudorpolityc10000unse/54/mode/2up |access-date=2 October 2021	|isbn=9780333245286 |page=53}}</ref> Queen Mary's choice to marry Philip, in the interests of protecting England from an invasion, will ultimately lead to [[Wyatt's rebellion]].
* [[November 17]] (13th waxing of Natdaw 915 ME) &ndash; [[Bayinnaung]], King of Burma, commissions the building of the [[Kanbawzathadi Palace]] in his capital, [[Bago, Myanmar|Pegu]] (modern-day Bago in Myanmar).<ref>{{cite book | author=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | author-link=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | title=[[Hmannan Yazawin]] | volume=2 | orig-year=1832 | location=Yangon | language=my | year=2003 | publisher=[[Ministry of Information, Myanmar]] |page=281}}</ref> The palace is completed in 1556 but is burned down in 1599.
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Italian War of 1551–1559]]: [[Cosimo I de' Medici]], [[Duke of the Florentine Republic]], signs a secret treaty with [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] to conquer the [[Republic of Siena]] to bring it back into the Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VT7fAQAAQBAJ |title=Reader's Guide to Military History |date=2013|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-95970-8 |editor-last=Messenger |editor-first=Charles |pages=635–636 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Second Margrave War]]: The city of [[Kulmbach]], near Brandenburg in Bavaria in Germany, is sacked and burned to the ground after its margrave, [[Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach|Albert Alcibiades]], makes an unsuccessful attempt to bring all of the Duchy of Franconia under his control.<ref>[http://www.stadt-kulmbach.de/pub/index.php?mid=19 Geschichte der Stadt Kulmbach] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129184824/http://stadt-kulmbach.de/pub/index.php?mid=19 |date=2009-01-29 }} auf der städtischen Homepage</ref>
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tucapel]]: [[Mapuche]] rebels under [[Lautaro]] defeat the Spanish [[conquistador]]s, and execute [[Pedro de Valdivia]], the first [[Royal Governor of Chile]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Mapocho |date=1964 |publisher=Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos |page=285 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-IMAAAAIAAJ&q=%2225%20de%20diciembre%20de%201553%22 |volume=2|access-date=6 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>

===Date unknown===
* [[Tonbridge School]] is founded by Sir [[Andrew Judde]], under [[letters patent]] of [[Edward VI of England]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deane |first1=H.F.W. |last2=Evans |first2=W.A. |title=The Public Schools Year Book |date=1913 |publisher=Year Book Press |location=London |page=293 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuGQlW8k8MkC&q=Tonbridge+School+patent+Andrew+Judde+%221553%22 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Eneados|The xiii Bukes of Eneados of the famose Poete Virgill]]'', the first complete translation of any major work of [[classical antiquity]] into one of the [[Anglic languages|English languages]], is published in [[London]].
* In [[Ming dynasty]] China:
** The addition of a new section of the [[Beijing city fortifications#Outer city|Outer City fortifications]] is completed in southern Beijing, bringing the overall size of Beijing to 18 [[square mile]]s (4662 [[hectare]]s).
** [[Shanghai]] is fortified for the first time.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bardzińska-Bonenberg |first1=Teresa |title=Games of history and politics – Architecture of great Chinese cities: Shanghai |journal=Czasopismo Techniczne |date=20 January 2016 |volume=8 |issue=14 |pages=5–11 |url=https://www.ejournals.eu/Czasopismo-Techniczne/2015/Architektura-Zeszyt-8-A-(14)-2015/art/6522/ |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=pl |issn=2353-737X}}</ref>
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== Births ==
[[File:In the manner of François Clouet - Louise de Lorraine - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Louise of Lorraine]]]]
[[File:Reine Marguerite de Valois.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Margaret of Valois]]]]
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Bernardino de Cárdenas y Portugal, Duque de Maqueda]], Spanish noble (d. [[1601]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Búrgos |first1=Augusto de |title=Blasón de España: libro de oro de su nobleza : reseña genealógica y descriptiva de la Casa Real, la grandeza de España y los títulos de Castilla : parte primera |date=1859 |publisher=Imprenta y estereotipía de M. Rivadeneyra |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eic-AAAAcAAJ&dq=Bernardino+de+C%C3%A1rdenas+%2220+de+enero+de+1553%22&pg=PA33 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Mōri Terumoto]], Japanese warrior (d. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite book |title=浦上氏一族の群像 |publisher=歴史研究会 |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-P4DwAAQBAJ&q=%E3%80%8E1553%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8822%E6%97%A5%E3%80%8F |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=ja}}{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2024}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2024}}
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Cherubino Alberti]], Italian engraver and painter (d. [[1615]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olszewski |first1=Edward J. |last2=Dunbar |first2=Burton Lewis |title=Sixteenth-century Italian Drawings |date=2008 |publisher=Harvey Miller |isbn=978-1-905375-10-3 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZPrAAAAMAAJ&q=%2224%20february%201553%22 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo]], Italian noble (d. [[1576]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Langdon |first1=Gabrielle |title=Medici Women: Portraits of Power, Love and Betrayal from the Court of Duke Cosimo I |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-3825-8 |page=175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkVcT7btZzsC&dq=Eleonora+di+Garzia+di+Toledo+%22march+1553%22&pg=PA175 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Vitsentzos Kornaros]], Greek writer (d. [[1613]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Pepragmena tou D' Diethnous Krētologikou Synedriou, Hērakleio, 29 augoustou-3 septemvriou 1976 |date=1980 |publisher=Panepistēmion Krētēs. |location=Athens |page=367 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsweAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85%201553%C2%BB |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=el}}</ref>
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[John Maxwell, 8th Lord Maxwell]], Scottish noble (d. [[1593]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paul |first1=James Balfour |title=The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom |date=1909 |publisher=D. Douglas |page=482 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QaIKAAAAIAAJ&dq=John+Maxwell+%2224+april+1553%22&pg=PA482 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Louise of Lorraine]], French queen consort (d. [[1601]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baillon |first1=Charles comte de |title=Histoire de Louise de Lorraine, reine de France, 1553-1601 |date=1884 |publisher=L. Techener |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZX7ElnTIG1kC&q=%2230%20avril%201553%22 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia]] (d. [[1618]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grossmann |first1=Julius |title=Genealogie des Gesamthauses Hohenzollern |date=1905 |publisher=W. Moeser |page=116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZlHAAAAYAAJ&dq=Albert+Friedrich+%E2%80%9E7.+Mai+1553%E2%80%9C&pg=PA116 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Margaret of Valois]], Queen of France (d. [[1615]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Margaret Of Valois {{!}} queen consort of Navarre {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-of-Valois |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=15 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Bernardino Baldi]], Italian mathematician and writer (d. [[1617]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hilfstein |first1=Erna |title=Bernardino Baldi and His Two Biographies of Copernicus |journal=The Polish Review |date=1979 |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=67–80 |jstor=25777676 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25777676 |access-date=6 October 2023 |issn=0032-2970}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Archduke Ernest of Austria]], Austrian prince, the son of Maximilian II (d. [[1595]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wurzbach |first1=Constant von |title=Biographisches lexikon des kaiserthums Oesterreich: enthaltend die lebensskizzen der denkwürdigen personen, welche seit 1750 in den österreichischen kronländern geboren wurden oder darin gelebt und gewirkt haben |date=1860 |publisher=K.K. Hof- und staatsdruckerei |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lu4YAAAAYAAJ&dq=Ernst+von+%C3%96sterreich+%E2%80%9E15.+Juni+1553%E2%80%9C&pg=PA180 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Peter Street (carpenter)|Peter Street]], English carpenter (d. [[1609]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nicoll |first1=Allardyce |title=Shakespeare Survey |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-42055-6 |page=102 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deINAQAAMAAJ&q=%20%221%20july%201553%22 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Nicolò Contarini]], Doge of Venice (d. [[1631]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cozzi |first1=Gaetano |title=Il doge Nicolò Contarini: richerche sul patriziato veneziano agli inizi del Seicento |date=1958 |publisher=Istituto per la collaborazione culturale |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCHRAAAAMAAJ&q=%2226%20settembre%201553%22 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Jacques Auguste de Thou]], French historian (d. [[1617]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Les Magistrats les plus célèbres |date=1864 |publisher=L. Lefort |location=Lille |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItdZAAAAcAAJ&dq=Jacques+Auguste+de+Thou+%228+octobre+1553%22&pg=PA47 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Luca Marenzio]], Italian composer (d. [[1599]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bizzarini |first1=Marco |title=Marenzio: la carriera di un musicista tra Rinascimento e Controriforma |date=1998 |publisher=Promozione Franciacorta |isbn=978-88-86189-02-6 |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wh8IAQAAMAAJ&q=%2218%20ottobre%201553%22 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]], Countess Palatine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (d. [[1633]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Virmond |first1=Eugen |title=Geschichte des Kreises Schleiden |date=1898 |publisher=Braselmann |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HkJUR0Twx0UC&dq=Magdalena+von+J%C3%BClich+%222+november+1553%22&pg=PA50 |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Roger Wilbraham]], Solicitor-General for Ireland (d. [[1616]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Wilbraham, Sir Roger (1553-1616), of St. John's Gateway, Clerkenwell, London |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/wilbraham-sir-roger-1553-1616 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[Prospero Alpini]], Italian physician and botanist (d. [[1617]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Prospero Alpini: medico e viaggiatori : nel 450o della nascita : atti della conferenza di studi, 23 novembre 2003, sala consiliare del casstello inferiore, Marostica |date=2005 |publisher=Commune di Marostica |isbn=978-88-901780-1-6 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWseAQAAIAAJ&q=%2223%20novembre%201553%22 |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[George More]], English politician (d. [[1632]])<ref>{{cite web |title=MORE, Sir George (1553-1632), of Loseley, nr. Guildford, Surr. and Blackfriars, London |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/more-sir-george-1553-1632 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org}}</ref>
* [[December 13]] &ndash; King [[Henry IV of France]] (d. [[1610]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward Frederick Langley Russell Baron Russell of Liverpool|title=Henry of Navarre: Henry IV of France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOVnAAAAMAAJ|year=1969|publisher=Hale|isbn=978-0-7091-1090-3|page=17}}</ref>
* ''date unknown''
** [[Patriarch Filaret of Moscow and All Rus']] (d. [[1633]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=BELYAEV |first1=L.A |title=ON THE DATE OF DEATH OF V.I. KHOVRINA, THE FIRST WIFE OF BOYAR NIKITA ROMANOVICH ZAKHARYIN-YURIEV |journal=Russian Archaeology |date=2015 |issue=3 |pages=146–150 |url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24188080 |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref>
** [[Giovanni Florio]], English writer and translator (d. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Florio, John |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-9758|year=2004 |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9758}}</ref>
** [[Richard Hakluyt]], English travel writer (d. [[1616]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hutchinson |first1=John |title=Herefordshire Biographies |date=1890 |publisher=Jakeman & Carver |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6RUVAAAAQAAJ&dq=Richard+Hakluyt+%221553%22+hereford&pg=PA51 |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Robert Hues]], English mathematician and geographer (d. [[1632]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Hues, Robert |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-14045|year=2004 |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/14045}}</ref>
** [[Amago Katsuhisa]], Japanese nobleman (d. [[1578]])<ref>{{cite web |title=尼子勝久(あまこかつひさ)とは？ 意味や使い方 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B0%BC%E5%AD%90%E5%8B%9D%E4%B9%85-27144 |website=コトバンク |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
** [[Pierre de Rostegny]], French jurist (d. [[1631]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lancre |first1=Pierre de |last2=Williams |first2=Gerhild Scholz |title=On the Inconstancy of Witches: Pierre de Lancre's Tableau de L'inconstance Des Mauvais Anges Et Demons (1612) |date=2006 |publisher=Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies |isbn=978-0-86698-352-5 |page=xxviii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Lh9AAAAMAAJ&q=1553 |access-date=8 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[William Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Thornhaugh]], Spanish military leader (d. [[1613]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Russell, William |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-24342|year=1114 |access-date=13 January 2024 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/24342}}</ref>
** [[Moses Székely]], Hungarian noble (d. [[1603]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Székely Mózes |url=http://tudastar.unitarius.hu/pantheon/pantheon/szekelymozes.htm |website=tudastar.unitarius.hu |access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
** [[Beatrice Michiel]], Venetian spy (d. [[1613]])
** [[Mirza Muhammad Hakim]], son of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Humayun]] and brother of emperor [[Akbar]] (d. [[1585]])<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bosworth |first1=C. E. |title=Muḥammad Ḥākim Mīrzā |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muhammad-hakim-mirza-SIM_8842?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Mirza+Muhammad+Hakim |website=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |publisher=Brill |access-date=6 October 2023 |language=en |date=24 April 2012}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
[[File:Portrait of Edward VI of England.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Edward VI of England]]]]
[[File:Michael Servetus.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Michael Servetus]]]]
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[George II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels]], Count of Glatz (b. [[1512]])
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Caspar Othmayr]], German Protestant priest, theologian and composer (b. [[1515]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vendrix |first1=Philippe |title=Music and the Renaissance: Renaissance, Reformation and Counter-Reformation |date=5 July 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-55750-4 |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AzcrDwAAQBAJ&dq=Caspar+Othmayr+%224+februar+1553%22&pg=PA108 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach]] (b. [[1482]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Ernst |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd116563710.html#ndbcontent |website=www.deutsche-biographie.de |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg]], (b. [[1521]])
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Chamaraja Wodeyar III]], King of Mysore (b. [[1492]])
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Erasmus Reinhold]], German astronomer and mathematician (b. [[1511]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morton |first1=Edward John Chalmers |title=Heroes of Science: Astronomers |date=1882 |publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=al0BAAAAQAAJ&dq=Erasmus+Reinhold+%2219+february+1553%27&pg=PA63 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Hirate Masahide]], Japanese diplomat and tutor of [[Oda Nobunaga]] (suicide) (b. [[1492]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rankin |first1=Andrew |title=Seppuku: A History of Samurai Suicide |date=20 November 2012 |publisher=Kodansha USA |isbn=978-1-56836-448-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jl4qDwAAQBAJ&dq=Hirate+Masahide+25+february+1553&pg=PT94 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=en|quote=An early instance of a remonstrative seppuku, recorded by Ōta Gyuichi in his biography of Oda Nobunaga, was the death of Hirate Masahide on February 25, 1553. A former general, in his sixties Masahide served as personal tutor to the young Nobunaga, whose teenage bad-boy antics are legendary in Japan.}}</ref>
* April &ndash; [[Minkhaung of Prome]], last king of [[Prome Kingdom|Prome]] in Burma (Myanmar)
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[François Rabelais]], French writer<ref>{{cite book|author=Jean Plattard|title=The Life of Fran ̧cois Rabelais|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpk1WL4aPfwC&pg=PA3|date=April 1968|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7146-2077-0|pages=3}}</ref>
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Erasmus Alberus]], German humanist (b. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mohnike |first1=Gottlieb |title=Hymnologische Forschungen |date=1831 |publisher=Struck |page=29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2lFAAAAcAAJ&dq=Erasmus+Alberus+%225+may+1553%22&pg=PA29 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Johannes Aal]], Swiss theologian (b. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Aal, Johannes |url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/011462/2001-01-24/ |website=hls-dhs-dss.ch |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (1552–1553)|Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia]], Grand Prince of Moscow (b. [[1552]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Донской |first1=Дмитрий Владимирович |title=Рюриковичи: исторический словарь |date=2008 |publisher=Русская панорама |isbn=978-5-93165-188-0 |page=273 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6M-AQAAIAAJ&q=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%C2%AB26+%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8F+1553+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=ru}}</ref>
* [[July 6]] &ndash; King [[Edward VI of England]] (b. [[1537]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Former Director of the Warburg Institute and Professor Emeritus of the History of Classical Tradition J B Trapp|title=[[The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain]]|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-57346-7|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=rOzUl7TCL9QC&pg=PA176 176]}}</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Maurice, Elector of Saxony]] (b. [[1521]])<ref name="Lindsay1999"/>
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Bernardino Maffei]], Catholic cardinal (b. [[1514]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of April 8, 1549 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1549.htm#Maffei |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Girolamo Fracastoro]], Italian physician (b. [[1478]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gelmetti |first1=Carlo |title=Storia della Dermatologia e della Venereologia in Italia |date=13 April 2015 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-88-470-5717-3 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AAtJCAAAQBAJ&dq=Girolamo+Fracastoro+%226+agosto+1553%22&pg=PA159 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Charles III, Duke of Savoy]] (b. [[1486]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Savoyen, Karl II. (III.) von |url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/021443/2011-01-28/ |website=hls-dhs-dss.ch |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]] (b. [[1502]]; executed)<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Dudley, John |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-8156|year=2004 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8156}}</ref>
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Juan de Homedes y Coscon]], 47th Grandmaster of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] (b. c. [[1477]])<ref>{{cite book |title=La soberana Orden militar de San Juan de Jerusalén ó de Malta: noticia de su historia y de su organización, por un caballero de la orden |date=1899 |publisher=Sucesores de Rivadeneyra |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vU1RAQAAMAAJ&dq=Juan+de+Homedes+%226+de+septiembre+de+1553%22&pg=PA51 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Şehzade Mustafa]], Suleiman the Magnificent's first-born son by Mahidevran Hatun (b. [[1515]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Atçil |first1=Zahit |title=Why Did Süleyman the Magnificent Execute His Son Şehzade Mustafa in 1553? |journal=Osmanlı Araştırmaları |date=27 July 2016 |volume=48 |issue=48 |pages=67–103 |doi=10.18589/oa.586488 |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/oa/issue/47402/586488 |language=en |issn=0255-0636}}</ref>
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Cristóbal de Morales]], Spanish composer (b. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Henry Lang|title=Music in Western Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_YLAQAAIAAJ|year=1941|publisher=W. W. Norton, Incorporated|page=266|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Lucas Cranach the Elder]], German painter (b. [[1472]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brinkmann |first1=Bodo |title=Lucas Cranach |date=2007 |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |isbn=978-1-905711-13-0 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYrqAAAAMAAJ&q=16%20october%201553%22 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]], German prince (b. [[1507]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jammerthal |first1=Tobias |last2=Janssen |first2=David Burkhart |title=Georg III. von Anhalt: Abendmahlsschriften |date=1 September 2019 |publisher=Evangelische Verlagsanstalt |isbn=978-3-374-06295-9 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RzYjEAAAQBAJ&q=%2217%20oktober%201553%22 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Michael Servetus]], Spanish Protestant theologian (burned at the stake) (b. [[1511]])<ref name="michael" />
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Salviati]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1490]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of July 1, 1517 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1517-ii.htm#Salviati |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck]], German statesman and reformer (b. [[1489]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Manchot|first=Carl|title=Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck: Straßburgs großer Stettmeister und Scholasch : Standrede gehalten in Straßburg |date=1870 |publisher=Henschel |page=v |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mKFSAAAAcAAJ&dq=Jacob+Sturm+von+Sturmeck+%2230+oktober+1553%22&pg=PR5 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Lucrezia de' Medici (1470–1553)|Lucrezia de' Medici]], Italian noblewoman (b. [[1470]])
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[Sebastiano Antonio Pighini]], Italian cardinal (b. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 20, 1551 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1551-ii.htm#Pighini |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Şehzade Cihangir]], Ottoman prince (b. [[1531]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Atıl |first1=Esin |title=Süleymanname: The Illustrated History of Süleyman the Magnificent |date=1986 |publisher=National Gallery of Art |isbn=978-0-89468-088-5 |page=221 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pPwgAQAAMAAJ&q=%2227%20november%22 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Ludwig of Hanau-Lichtenberg]], German nobleman (b. [[1487]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Repertorium für Kunstwissenschaft |date=1905 |publisher=Verlag von W. Spemann |page=470 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXlFAQAAMAAJ&q=%223%20dezember%22 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], Spanish conquistador (b. [[1497]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Boletín del Centro de Estudios Americanistas de Sevilla |date=1923 |publisher=Centro de Estudios Americanistas de Sevilla |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ftk3AQAAIAAJ&dq=Pedro+de+Valdivia+%2225+de+diciembre+de+1553%22&pg=RA8-PA48 |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* ''date unknown'' 
** [[George Joye]], English [[Protestant]] [[List of Bible translators|Bible translator]] (b. c. [[1495]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Butterworth |first1=Charles C. |last2=Chester |first2=Allan G. |title=George Joye, 1495?-1553; a chapter in the history of the English Bible and the English Reformation |date=1962 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |page=259 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgejoye14951500butt/page/258/mode/2up?q=1553 |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
** [[Gunilla Bese]], Finnish noble and fiefholder (b. [[1475]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Gunilla Johansdotter (Bese) |url=https://www.skbl.se/en/article/GunillaJohansdotterBese |website=skbl.se |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1553}}
[[Category:1553| ]]