Editing 1552

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1552}}
{{Year nav|1552}}
[[File:Vízkelety Béla Eger vár ostroma 1552-ben.jpg|250px|thumb|[[September 9]]: The [[Siege of Eger (1552)|Siege of Eger begins]].]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''1552''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
[[File:Eustachi - Tabulae anatomicae, 1769 - 2981432.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Bartolomeo Eustachi]] completes his ''Tabulae anatomicae''.]]

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Henry II of France]] and [[Maurice, Elector of Saxony]], sign the [[Treaty of Chambord]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Balmain Mowat|title=A History of European Diplomacy, 1451–1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EL1rAAAAIAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Archon Books|isbn=978-0-208-01021-6|page=54}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Pedro de Valdivia]] founds the [[Chile]]an city of [[Valdivia (city)|Valdivia]], as ''Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia''.
* [[February 24]] &ndash; The privileges of the [[Hanseatic League]] are abolished in [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Guru Amar Das]] becomes the Third [[Sikh]] [[Guru]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Maurice, Elector of Saxony]], liberates [[Augsburg]] and sets about to capture [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>Geoffrey Parker, ''Emperor: A New Life of Charles V'' (Yale University Press, 2019)</ref>
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Metz Cathedral]] is consecrated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMOIvAWDY44 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/sMOIvAWDY44 |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=Timeline of the construction of Metz Cathedral, from 14th to 16th century.|website=[[YouTube]] |format=VIDEO |date= July 17, 2011|access-date= 6 January 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[April 15]] &ndash; The [[Act of Uniformity 1552|Act of Uniformity]] is given [[royal assent]] and imposes use of the [[Protestant]] [[Book of Common Prayer]] on [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Pedro de Valdivia]] founds the city of [[La Imperial, Chile]].
* [[April 18]] &ndash; King [[Henry II of France]] enters the city of [[Metz]], ceded to France by Saxony by the January 15 [[Treaty of Chambord]].
* [[April 28]] &ndash; The delegates to the [[Council of Trent]] adjourn for two years after learning that the Holy Roman Emperor is fleeing from Maurice of Saxony.<ref>Ernst Wilhelm Möller, ''History of the Christian Church: A.D. 1517-1648, Reformation and Counter-reformation'' (S. Sonnenschein & Company, 1900) p.240</ref>
* [[May 20]] &ndash; Learning of the rapid approach of the Elector Maurice, the Emperor Charles V flees from [[Innsbruck]] ahead of being captured.<ref>John S. C. Abbott, ''Austria : Its Rise and Present Power'' (P. F. Collier and Son, 1902) p.132</ref>
* [[June 6]] (14th waxing of Waso 914 [[Burmese calendar|ME]]) &ndash; [[Minye Sithu of Martaban|Minye Sithu]] is appointed as the Burmese [[List of rulers of Martaban|Viceroy]] of [[Martaban]] by his older brother, [[Bayinnaung]], King of Burma.<ref>{{cite book | last=Kala | author-link=U Kala | first=U | title=[[Maha Yazawin]] | publisher=Ya-Pyei Publishing | location=Yangon | year=1724 | edition=2006, 4th printing | language=Burmese | volume=2 |page=210}}</ref>
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Yuri of Uglich]], the only brother of the Russian Tsar [[Ivan the Terrible]], is placed in charge of Russia's domestic affairs as Ivan departs [[Moscow]] to lead 150,000 troops in the [[Russo-Kazan Wars#Wars of Ivan II|Russo-Kazan War]].
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort]], the [[List of governors of Luxembourg|Spanish Governor of Luxembourg]], is taken prisoner by France and remains captive for almost five years. 
* [[June 24]] &ndash; The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] ship ''São João'' is wrecked off of the coast of South Africa.<ref>''Further Selections from the Tragic History of the Sea, 1559-1565: Narratives of the Shipwrecks of the Portuguese East Indiamen'' (Taylor & Francis, 2017)</ref> While 480 people survive initially, all but 25 of them die during the next 165 days while trying to reach the mouth of the Maputo River in what is now [[Mozambique]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 6]] &ndash; In Hungary, [[Drégely Castle]] is attacked by the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Captain [[György Szondy]] and c. 140 soldiers in the castle die, after 4 days of fighting against 8,000 Turkish raiders.
* [[July 27]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] [[Siege of Temesvar (1552)|capture]] the city of [[Temesvar]].
* [[August 2]] 
** [[John Frederick, Elector of Saxony]] and [[Philipp I of Hesse]], taken prisoner by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] in [[1546]], are released.
** The [[Peace of Passau]] revokes the [[Augsburg Interim]] of [[1548]], and promises religious freedom to the [[Protestant]] princes.
* [[September 9]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Eger (1552)|Siege of Eger]] begins as thousands of Ottoman troops, led by General [[Kara Ahmed Pasha]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] attack a greatly outnumbered force of Hungarian defenders, captained by [[István Dobó]]
* [[September 24]] &ndash; The [[Debatable Lands]] on the border of [[England]] and [[Scotland]] are divided between the two kingdoms by a commission creating the [[Scots' Dike]] in an unsuccessful attempt to halt lawlessness here, but giving both countries their modern borders.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash; The [[Khanate of Kazan]] [[Siege of Kazan|falls to troops]] of [[Ivan IV of Russia]]
* [[October 17]] &ndash; After heavy losses by the Ottoman Empire, the Siege of Eger in Hungary is broken off by the Ottomans.
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Radu Ilie Haidăul]] becomes the new [[Prince of Wallachia]] in what is now Romania after defeating Prince Mircea the Shepherd at the [[Mănești, Prahova|battle of Mănești]]. Prince Mircea retakes the throne seven months later.
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa|Simeon Sulaka]] arrives in [[Rome]] from the Middle Eastern city of [[Mosul]] and brings a letter asking [[Pope Julius III]] to appoint him as the Patriarch of the [[Church of the East]], leader of the Chaldean Catholic Church.
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Thomas Cranmer]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] and top cleric of the [[Church of England]], delivers the proposed [[Forty-two Articles]] to the Privy Council of [[Edward VI of England|King Edward VI]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Hardwick|first= Charles |title= A History of the Articles of Religion|publisher=John Deighton|location= Cambridge|year=1851|pages=74–79}}</ref>
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Pope Julius III]] issues a papal brief revoking resolutions passed by the ''colegii'' [[Bologna|Papal State of Bologna]] in Italy.<ref>''War and Peace in the Religious Conflicts of the Long Sixteenth Century'' (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022) pp.47-48</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Miguel de Buría]] leads the first African rebellion in South America's history. This may be because Buría has more slaves than other regions in [[Venezuela]], of which most join Miguel, and is still being contested between the Europeans and the natives, who also join his side. During this insurrection he takes over the Gold mines de San Felipe de Buría, established within the area with the consent of the Spanish Crown, to pull out the ore that was discovered in the Buria river, a task that heavily depends on slave work.
* In the [[Persian Gulf]], the [[Ottoman Empire]] Red Sea Fleet attacks the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] stronghold of [[Hormuz Island|Hormuz]], but fails to capture it.<ref>{{New Cambridge History of Islam|volume=2|chapter=Chronology|page=xxxiii|quote=Failed Ottoman attempt to conquer Hormuz.}}</ref> 
* In [[Italy]], [[Bartolomeo Eustachi]] completes his ''Tabulae anatomicae'', presenting his discoveries on the structure of the [[inner ear]] and [[heart]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Bernard|last=Grun|title=the Timetables of History|edition=3rd|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1991|isbn=0-671-74919-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun/page/245 245]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun}}</ref> although, for fear of the [[Inquisition]], it will not be published until [[1714]].
* King [[Edward VI of England]] founds 35 [[Grammar schools in the United Kingdom|grammar school]]s by royal charter,<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/218|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/218 218–223]}}</ref> including [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]]; [[Leeds Grammar School]] is also established.

== Births ==
[[File:Sir Walter Ralegh by 'H' monogrammist.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Walter Raleigh]]]]
[[File:Rudolf2c.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Rudolph II]]]]
[[File:Vasili IV of Russia.PNG|thumb|110px|[[Vasili IV of Russia]]]]
[[File:Ricciportrait.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Matteo Ricci]]]]
[[File:SimondeRojasOSS.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Simón de Rojas]]]]
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Alberico Gentili]], Italian jurist (d. [[1608]])
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Walter Raleigh]], English explorer (d. [[1618]])<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=23039|title=Ralegh, Sir Walter (1554–1618)|last=Nicholls|first=Mark|last2=Williams|first2= Penry |date=17 September 2004}}</ref>
* [[February 1]] &ndash; [[Edward Coke]], English colonial entrepreneur and jurist (d. [[1634]])
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Agrippa d'Aubigné]], French poet and soldier (d. [[1630]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=St James Press|author2=Anthony Levi|author3=Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi|title=Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-159-6|page=6}}</ref>
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Melchior Klesl]], Austrian statesman and cardinal (d. [[1630]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Sengoku Hidehisa]], Japanese daimyō (d. [[1614]])
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Magdalene of Lippe]], Countess of Lippe by birth, and by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. [[1587]])
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Joost Bürgi]], Swiss clockmaker and mathematician (d. [[1632]])
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Anna of Cleves (1552–1632)|Anna of Cleves]], Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg by birth and by marriage Countess Palatine of Neuburg (d. [[1632]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Polykarp Leyser the Elder]], German theologian (d. [[1610]])
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch]] (d. [[1592]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Frederick IV of Liegnitz]], German noble (d. [[1596]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Petrus Ryff]], Swiss scientist (d. [[1629]])
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Edmund Bowyer (died 1627)|Edmund Bowyer]], English politician (d. [[1627]])
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Raja Wodeyar I]], King of Mysore (d. [[1617]])
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Gabriello Chiabrera]], Italian poet (d. [[1638]])
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[John George of Ohlau]], Duke of Oława and Wołów (1586-1592) (d. [[1592]])
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Spencer, Baroness Hunsdon]], English baroness (d. [[1618]])
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. [[1612]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Rudolf II {{!}} Holy Roman emperor |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-II-Holy-Roman-emperor |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=13 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 22]]
** [[Anthony Browne (1552–1592)|Anthony Browne]], Sheriff of Surrey and Kent (d. [[1592]])
** [[Mary Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton]], Lady of English peer and others (d. [[1607]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Paolo Sarpi]], Italian writer (d. [[1623]])
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Muhammad Qadiri]], Founder of the Naushahia branch of the Qadri order (d. [[1654]])
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Lavinia Fontana]], Italian painter (d. [[1614]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Andreas Schott]], Flemish academic, linguist, translator, editor and a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest (d. [[1629]])
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau]], German botanist (d. [[1599]])
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Barbara Longhi]], Italian painter (d. [[1638]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; Tsar [[Vasili IV of Russia]] (d. [[1612]])
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Flaminio Scala]], Italian playwright and stage actor (d. [[1624]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Matteo Ricci]], Italian Jesuit missionary to China (d. [[1610]])
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (1552–1553)|Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia]], Grand Prince of Moscow (d. [[1553]])
* [[October 18]] 
**[[Elisabeth of Saxony]], Countess Palatine of Simmern (d. [[1590]])
**[[Francis Cherry (diplomat)|Francis Cherry]], English diplomat (d. [[1605]])
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Odet de Turnèbe]], French dramatist (d. [[1581]])
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Simón de Rojas]], Spanish saint (d. [[1624]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi]], Moroccan writer, judge and mathematician (d. [[1616]])
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury]], English politician and Earl (d. [[1616]])
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Seonjo of Joseon]], King of Joseon (d. [[1608]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire]], English politician and Earl (d. [[1626]])
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Henri I de Bourbon, prince de Condé]] (d. [[1588]])
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Simon Forman]], English occultist and astrologer (d. [[1611]])
* ''Date unknown:''
** [[Hans von Aachen]], German mannerist painter (d. [[1615]])
** [[Thomas Aufield]], English Catholic martyr (d. [[1585]])
** [[Jean Bertaut]], French poet (d. [[1611]])<ref>{{cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Gordon |title=Bertaut, Jean |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198601753.001.0001/acref-9780198601753-e-424 |website=The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=8 June 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780198601753.001.0001 |date=1 January 2005|isbn=978-0-19-860175-3 }}</ref>
** [[Philemon Holland]], English translator (d. [[1637]])
** [[Prince Masahito]], Japanese prince (d. [[1586]])
** [[Lady Saigō]], Japanese concubine (d. [[1589]])
** [[Dom Justo Takayama]], Japanese daimyo (d. [[1615]])
** [[Anthony Tyrrell]], Roman Catholic renegade priest and spy (d. circa [[1610]])
** [[Jean Hotman, Marquis de Villers-St-Paul]], French diplomat (d. [[1636]])
** [[Cvijeta Zuzorić]], Croatian poet (d. [[1648]])
* ''probable''
** [[Miguel de Benavides]], Spanish clergyman and sinologist (d. [[1605]])
** [[Francisco Goméz de Sandoval y Rojas, Duke of Lerma]], Spanish politician (d. [[1625]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Fürstengang Bischöfe 48 - Heinrich II. von der Pfalz.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|[[Henry of the Palatinate]]]]
[[File:Heinrich V. (Mecklenburg-Schwerin).jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|[[Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg]]]]
[[File:Franciscus de Xabier.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|Saint [[Francis Xavier]]]]
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Henry of the Palatinate]], bishop of Utrecht (b. [[1487]])
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Johann Cochlaeus]], German humanist and controversialist (b. [[1479]])
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset]], English politician (b. [[1509]])
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg]] (b. [[1479]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Anne Parr, Countess of Pembroke]], English countess (b. [[1515]])
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Faber]], German composer (b. [[1500]])
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Guru Angad]], Indian religious leader (b. [[1504]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Olaus Petri]], Swedish clergyman (b. [[1493]])
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leland]], English historian (b. [[1502]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Leland|author2=John Chandler|title=John Leland's Itinerary: Travels in Tudor England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ykEXAQAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Sutton Pub.|isbn=978-0-7509-1751-3|page=xvi}}</ref>
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Petrus Apianus]], German astronomer (b. [[1495]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Sebastian Münster]], German cartographer and cosmographer (b. [[1488]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Alexander Barclay]], British poet (b. [[1476]])
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[György Szondy]], Hungarian soldier
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Hermann of Wied]], German Catholic archbishop (b. [[1477]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Barbara of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach]], Landgravine of Leuchtenberg (b. [[1495]])
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Oswald Myconius]], Swiss Protestant reformer (b. [[1488]])
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[Andreas Osiander]], German Protestant theologian (b. [[1498]])
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg]] (b. [[1499]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Francis Xavier]], Spanish [[Jesuit]] missionary and saint (b. [[1506]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Olof G. Lidin|title=Tanegashima – The Arrival of Europe in Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FliQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-78871-1|pages=186}}</ref>
* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[Katharina von Bora]], wife of [[Martin Luther]] (b. [[1499]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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