Editing 1531

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1531}}
{{Year nav|1531}}
[[File:Modovian army Polski Kronika from 1564.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[August 22]]: The [[Battle of Obertyn]] is fought between Poland and Moldova]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
Year '''1531''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
[[File:Schlacht bei Kappel.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[October 11]]: [[Second War of Kappel]]]]
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 15]] &ndash; The third session of the Reformation Parliament of King Henry VIII of England is opened. 
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[1531 Lisbon earthquake]]: More than 30,000 people are killed in [[Portugal]] in an earthquake and subsequent [[tsunami]].<ref>{{cite book|author=[[T. D. Kendrick|Thomas Downing Kendrick]]|title=The Lisbon Earthquake|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOMAAAAAMAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Lippincott|page=144}}</ref>
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] princes in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] form an alliance known as the [[Schmalkaldic League]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=McEntegart |first1=Rory |title=Henry VIII, the League of Schmalkalden, and the English Reformation |date=2002 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |isbn=978-0-86193-255-9 |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfinGbNlWq4C&q=%2227+february%22&pg=PR7 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Herzog |first1=Johann Jakob |title=Real-encyklopädie für protestantische theologie und kirche: In verbindung mit vielen protestantischen theologen und gelehrten |date=1857 |publisher=R. Besser |page=390 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-QwtAAAAYAAJ&dq=Lutherische+F%C3%BCrsten,+Heiliges+R%C3%B6misches+Reich,+Schmalkaldischer+Bund+%E2%80%9E27.+Februar+1531%E2%80%9C&pg=PA390 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[February]] or March &ndash; [[Battle of Antukyah]]: [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] of the [[Adal Sultanate]] defeats the [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopian]] army.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Asiatic Quarterly Review |date=1905 |publisher=Oriental Institute |page=445 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UxgoAAAAYAAJ&dq=Battle+of+Antukyah&pg=PA335 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 28]] &ndash; In India, the fortress of [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]], capital of the [[Malwa Sultanate]], falls as Malwa's [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)#Sultans of Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan Mahmúd II]] and his sons surrender to [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]].<ref>{{citation-attribution|1={{cite book |editor=James Macnabb Campbell |editor-link=James Macnabb Campbell |title=History of Gujarát |chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |volume=I(II) |year=1896 |publisher=The Government Central Press |pages=254–257 |chapter=II. ÁHMEDÁBÁD KINGS. (A. D. 1403–1573.) |access-date=2017-06-29 |archive-date=2018-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919123131/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |url-status=live }}}}</ref><ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7276-407-1}}, pp.391-398</ref>
* [[March 31]] &ndash; King Henry VIII gives royal assent to numerous acts at the close of the session of the English Parliament, including the [[Poisoning Act 1530]] (providing for [[Death by boiling|boiling to death]] people convicted of poisioning other persons); the [[Vagabonds Act 1530]] (permitting licensed begging by certified disabled and elderly people); the [[Egyptians Act 1530]] to allow the expulsion of [[Romani people|gypsies]]; and the [[Bridges Act 1530]] for maintenance of bridges.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Raithby|editor-first=John|editor-link=John Raithby|title=The statutes at large, of England and of Great Britain: from Magna Carta to the union of the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=do1KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA89|volume=III. From Hen.VIII.A.D.1509-10.—To 7 Edw.VI.1553|year=1811|publisher=George Eyre and Andrew Strahan|page=89}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 12]] &ndash; In the [[Songhai Empire]] that rules most of West Africa and the [[Niger River]] valley, the Emperor [[Askiya Musa]] is assassinated by his brothers after less than two years on the throne. [[Askia Mohammad Benkan]] is enthroned the same day.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunwick |first1=John O. |title=Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Saʿdi's Taʾrīkh Al-Sūdān Down to 1613, and Other Contemporary Documents |date=1 January 2003 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-12822-4 |page=124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kdEsWyzLnD8C&q=%2212+april%22 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 16]] &ndash; The city of [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]], Mexico, is founded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marley |first1=David F. |title=Historic Cities of the Americas |date=12 September 2005 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-57607-574-6 |page=288 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkTPEAAAQBAJ&q=16+april+1531%22&pg=PA288 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April]] &ndash; [[Battle of Puná]]: [[Francisco Pizarro]] defeats the native inhabitants of the island of Puná, off of the coast of what is now the South American nation of [[Ecuador]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Burr Cartwright Brundage|title=Empire of the Inca|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZE_p5xbspBwC&pg=PA378|year=1963|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-1924-3|pages=378}}</ref>
* [[May 18]] &ndash; The third [[Dalecarlian rebellions|Dalecarlian rebellion]] in Sweden is settled on St. Eric's Day at Arboga in Denmark when [[Christian II of Denmark|King Christian II]] returns church bells, confiscated earlier to pay Denmark's debts, to the villages in rebellion.<ref>''The Historians' History of the World'', Volume 11, ed. by Henry Smith Williams (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1926) pp.286-287</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Linder |first1=Nils |last2=Rosén |first2=John |last3=Westrin |first3=Theodor |last4=Olsson |first4=Bror Ferdinand |last5=Meijer |first5=Bernhard |title=Nordisk familjebok: konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi, innehållande upplysningar och förklaringar om märkvärdiga namn, föremål och begrepp |date=1880 |publisher=Expeditionen af Nordisk familjebok |pages=816–817 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcNFAQAAMAAJ&dq=tredje+dalaupproret+maj+1531&pg=PA815 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=sv}}</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; (11th waxing of Nayon 893 ME) [[Minkhaung of Mrauk-U]], the Burmese [[List of Burmese monarchs#Mrauk-U (1429–1785)|King of Arakan]] since 1521, is killed in a coup d'etat by the rebellious Governor of [[Thandwe]], [[Min Bin|Min Pa]].<ref>''[[Rakhine Razawin Thit]]'' (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 29)</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Harvey| first=G. E.| title=History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824| publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd| year=1925| page=140| location = London}}</ref> 
* [[June 24]] &ndash; The city of [[San Juan del Río]], Mexico, is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historia |url=https://www.sanjuandelrio.gob.mx/index.php/municipio/historia |website=www.sanjuandelrio.gob.mx |access-date=10 August 2023}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 25]] &ndash; The city of [[Santiago de Querétaro]], Mexico is founded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cubas |first1=Antonio García |title=Diccionario geográfico, histórico y biográfico de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos |date=1890 |publisher=Murguia |page=400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rBorAQAAMAAJ&dq=Ciudad+de+Quer%C3%A9taro+%2225+de+julio+de+1531%22&pg=PA400 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Obertyn]]: The [[Moldavia]]ns are defeated by [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Polish]] forces under [[Jan Tarnowski]], allowing the Poles to recapture [[Pokucie]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Constantin C. Giurescu|author2=Horia C. Matei|author3=Marcel D. Popa|title=Chronological History of Romania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zvq2AAAAIAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Editura enciclopedică română, National Commission of the Socialist Republic of Romania for UNESCO|page=100}}</ref>
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Comet Halley]] achieves its [[perihelion]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ganganatha Jha Research Institute|title=The Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Research Institute|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hpJjAAAAMAAJ|year=1946|publisher=Honorary Secretary, Ganganatha Jha Research Institute|page=20}}</ref>
* [[September 15]] &ndash; The first [[List of parliaments of Ireland|Parliament of Ireland]] in more than nine years is opened at [[Kilkea Castle]], near [[Castledermot]], [[County Kildare]], and continues until its adjournment on October 31.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Curtis|first1=Edmund|last2=McDowell|first2=Robert Brendan|title=Irish historical documents, 1172-1922|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhRCAAAAIAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Barnes & Noble|page=73|isbn=978-0-416-03360-1 }}</ref>
* [[September 16]] &ndash; (5th waxing of Thadingyut 893 ME) In Burma (now [[Myanmar]]), the formal coronation of General Min Pa as King [[Min Bin]] of Arakan takes place in the Arakan capital, [[Mrauk U]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sandamala Linkara |first=Ashin |title=[[Rakhine Razawin Thit|Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan]] |year= 1931 |edition=1997–1999 |publisher=Tetlan Sarpay |language=Burmese |volume=1–2 |location=Yangon}}</ref>
* [[September 24]] &ndash; At the age of 35, [[Gustav Vasa|King Gustav I Vasa]] of [[Sweden]] is married for the first time, taking [[Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg]] as his bride on her 18th birthday.<ref>Katarina, urn:sbl:12404, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Ivan Svalenius), hämtad 2016-12-26.</ref>

=== October&ndash;December === 
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[Battle of Kappel]]: The forces of [[Zürich]] are defeated by the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] cantons. [[Huldrych Zwingli]], the [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss]] religious reformer, is killed.<ref name=Walt>{{cite book|author=B. J. Van der Walt|title=Anatomy of Reformation: Flashes and Fragments of a Reformational Worldview|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xg2JAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education|isbn=978-1-86822-036-6|page=115}}</ref>
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Battle of Amba Sel]]: [[Imam]] [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] again defeats the army of [[Dawit II]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]]. The southern part of [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]] thus falls under Imam Ahmad's control.
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Christian II of Denmark|Christian II]]`s invasion force arrives in [[Oslo]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Heise |first=Arnold |author-link=Arnold Heise |title= Christian II |url=https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/4/0934.html |journal=[[Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon]] |year=1916 |volume=4 | edition=2 |pages=886–890 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lockhart |first1=Paul Douglas |title=Denmark, 1513-1660: The Rise and Decline of a Renaissance Monarchy |date=23 August 2007 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-153382-2 |page=22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3A9REAAAQBAJ&dq=Christian+II+oslo+%22november+1531%22&pg=PA22 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The [[Virgin of Guadalupe]] first appears to Juan Diego at Tepeyac, Mexico City.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hastings |first1=Adrian |title=A World History of Christianity |date=5 July 2000 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-4875-8 |page=342 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kL5-5Z2QGFsC&dq=Juan+Diego+Tepeyac+Our+Lady+of+Guadalupe+%229+december+1531%22&pg=PA342 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mong |first1=Ambrose |title=Our Lady of Guadalupe: model of inculturation |journal=International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church |date=2 January 2018 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=67–83 |doi=10.1080/1474225X.2018.1493764 |s2cid=149488177 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1474225X.2018.1493764 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=en |issn=1474-225X}}</ref>
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Mary, mother of Jesus]], in the guise of [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]], appears imprinted on the [[tilmàtli]] of [[Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin]], an [[Aztec]] convert to Catholicism, in Tepeyac near Mexico City.<ref>{{cite book |title=Literatura mexicana |date=1990 |publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Centro de Estudios Literarios |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tvMoAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%2212%20de%20diciembre%20de%201531%22 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=es}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Andrea Alciato]] publishes ''[[Emblemata]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alciato at Glasgow: Alciato, Andrea: Emblematum liber (1531) |url=https://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/alciato/books.php?id=A31a |website=www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk |access-date=10 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[Conquistador]] [[Francisco de Montejo]] claims [[Chichen Itza]] as capital of Spanish-ruled [[Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rough Guide to Cancun and the Yucatan: Includes the Maya Sites of Tabasco & Chiapas |date=1 September 2011 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-4053-8260-1 |page=275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUhjq3Q61YYC&dq=yucatan+Francisco+de+Montejo+Chichen+Itza+%221531%22&pg=PA275 |access-date=10 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[University of Sarajevo]] is founded by [[Gazi Husrev-beg]] based on [[Sufism|Sufi]] philosophy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dizdar |first1=Srebren |title=A Development and Perspectives of Teacher Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina |date=1998 |publisher=Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports |isbn=978-9958-11-061-0 |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYWcAAAAMAAJ&q=University+of+Sarajevo+Gazi+Husrev+Bey+%221531%22 |access-date=11 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kõpu Lighthouse]] is completed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kõpu Lighthouse |url=https://heritage.iala-aism.org/lighthouses/kopu-lighthouse/ |website=IALA Heritage |access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ebelt |first1=Thomas |title=Lighthouses of Europe |date=15 November 2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4729-5875-4 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZNyDwAAQBAJ&dq=K%C3%B5pu+Lighthouse+%221531%22&pg=PA35 |access-date=11 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* A severe drought in [[Henan]] province, China, coupled with a gigantic swarm of [[locust]]s in the summer, forces many in destitute agricultural communities to turn to [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]] to avoid dying by starvation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brook |first1=Timothy |title=The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China |date=1998 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-22154-3 |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuMcHWWbXqMC&dq=cannibalism+henan+drought+locusts+%221531%22&pg=PA104 |access-date=11 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] abolishes the worst abuses of the [[encomienda]] system, by pressure of [[Bartolomé de las Casas]].
* A [[witch-hunt]] is conducted in the town of [[Schiltach]], Germany.
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* In present-day Czech Republic, the Zástřizl family held [[Bohdalice]] and Pavlovice from 1413 until 1531.<ref name="Maňhalová">{{cite book|last=Maňhalová|first=Dagmar|title=Z dějin Bohdalic - 666. let od první písemné zmínky o obci|date=2003|publisher=OÚ Bohdalice|language=cs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Noga|first=Karel|date=2001-01-01|title=Z minulosti tvrze a zámku v Bohdalicích|language=Czech|pages=71–72|work=Vyškovský sborník II|url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96633938|access-date=2020-06-25}}</ref>

== Births ==
[[File:Jakob Seisenegger 004.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Maria of Austria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]]]]
[[File:Anna dEste Versailles.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Anna d'Este]]]]
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Jens Bille]], Danish servant and poet (d. [[1575]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bricka |first1=Carl Frederik |title=Dansk biografisk lexikon: tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814 |date=1888 |publisher=F. Hegel & Søn |page=232 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZoZAAAAYAAJ&dq=Jens+Bille+26+januar+1531&pg=PA232 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=da}}</ref>
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]] (d. [[1595]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ersch |first1=Johann Samuel |last2=Gruber |first2=Johann Gottfried |title=Allgemeine Enzyklopädie Der Wissenschaften und Künste: In Alphabetischer Folge Von Genannten Schriftstellern |date=1992 |publisher=Akademische Druck-u. Verlagstalt |isbn=978-3-201-00093-2 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQD61pf0xA4C&q=%226%20april%201531%22 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Maria of Austria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]], daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I (d. [[1581]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Beiträge zur Geschichte des Niederrheins: Jahrbuch des Düsseldorfer Geschichtsvereins |date=1895 |publisher=Der Verein |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hj0FAAAAYAAJ&dq=Maria+von+%C3%96sterreich+%2215+mai+1531%22&pg=RA3-PA32 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[May 20]] &ndash; Viceroy [[Thado Minsaw of Ava]] (d. [[1584]])
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[János Zsámboky]], Hungarian scholar (d. [[1584]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sgarbi |first1=Marco |title=Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy |date=27 October 2022 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-319-14169-5 |page=3578 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81yYEAAAQBAJ&dq=J%C3%A1nos+Zs%C3%A1mboky+%221+june+1531%22&pg=PA3578 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Antoine de Créqui Canaples]], French Catholic cardinal (d. [[1574]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of March 12, 1565 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1565.htm#Crequi |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Leonhard Thurneysser]], German scholar and quack at the court of John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. [[1595]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Der Bär von Berlin: Jahrbuch des Vereins für die Geschichte Berlins |date=1963 |publisher=Verein für die Geschichte Berlins. |page=29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2m4SAAAAIAAJ&q=Leonhard+Thurneysser+%E2%80%9E22.+Juli+1531%E2%80%9C |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Francesco Cattani da Diacceto (1531–1595)|Francesco Cattani da Diacceto]], Bishop of Fiesole (d. [[1595]])<ref>{{cite web |title=CATTANI DA DIACCETO, Francesco |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/cattani-da-diacceto-francesco_(Dizionario-Biografico) |website=www.treccani.it |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=it-IT}}</ref>
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Hans Fugger]], German businessman (d. [[1598]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieb |first1=Norbert |title=Die Fugger und die kunst: Im zeitalter der hohen renaissance |date=1958 |publisher=Schnell & Steiner |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_t1NAQAAIAAJ&q=%224%20september%201531%22 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Philipp Apian]], German mathematician and medic (d. [[1589]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Günther |first1=Siegmund |title=Peter und Philipp Apian, zwei deutsche Mathematiker u. Kartographen: Ein Beitrag zur Gelehrten-Geschichte des xvi. Jahrhunderts |date=1882 |publisher=Verlag der Kön. Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften |page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKvVAAAAMAAJ&dq=Philipp+Apian+%2214+september+1531%22&pg=PA81 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* Late September &ndash; [[Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby]], English noble and diplomat (d. [[1594]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Stanley, Henry, fourth earl of Derby|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-26272|year=2004 |access-date=8 August 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/26272}}</ref>
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Scipione Ammirato]], Italian historian (d. [[1601]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baudrillart |first1=Alfred |last2=Meyer |first2=Albert de |last3=Aubert |first3=Roger |title=Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques |date=1914 |publisher=Letouzey et Ané |isbn=978-2-7063-0157-5 |page=1307 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUlOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Scipione+Ammirato+%227+octobre+1531%22&pg=PA1307 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Jacques de Savoie, 2nd Duc de Nemours]] (d. [[1585]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vester |first1=Matthew Allen |title=Jacques de Savoie-Nemours: l'apanage du Genevois au cœur de la puissance dynastique savoyarde au XVIe siècle |date=2008 |publisher=Librairie Droz |isbn=978-2-600-01211-9 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez6iRJlp41gC&dq=Jacques+de+Savoie-Nemours+%2212+octobre+1531%22&pg=PA42 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[October 25]] &ndash; [[Matthew Wesenbeck]], Belgian jurist (d. [[1586]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Feenstra |first1=R. |title=Portretten van juristen uit de oude Nederlanden  |journal=Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis |date=2011 |volume=79 |pages=129–135 |doi=10.1163/157181911X563084 |url=https://adoc.pub/portretten-van-juristen-uit-de-oude-nederlanden.html |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Herbert Duifhuis]], Dutch minister (d. [[1581]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Van der Aa |first1=A.J. |title=Biographical dictionary of the Netherlands. |date=1858 |volume=4|publisher=J.J. van Brederode |location=Harlem |page=379 |url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/aa__001biog05_01/aa__001biog05_01_0840.php |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Richard Topcliffe]], English torturer (d. [[1604]])<ref>{{cite web |title=TOPCLIFFE, Richard (1531-1604), of Somerby, Lincs. and Westminster. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/topcliffe-richard-1531-1604 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Anna d'Este]], duchess consort of Nemours (d. [[1607]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coester |first1=Christiane |title=Schön wie Venus, mutig wie Mars: Anna d'Este, Herzogin von Guise und von Nemours (1531-1607) |date=19 August 2014 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-486-84058-2 |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SWLpBQAAQBAJ&q=%2216%20november%201531%22 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Roberto di Ridolfi]], Italian conspirator against [[Elizabeth I of England]] (d. [[1612]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stephen |first1=Leslie |last2=Lee |first2=Sir Sidney |title=Dictionary of National Biography |date=1909 |volume=16|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=1176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCw8AAAAIAAJ&dq=Roberto+di+Ridolfo+18+novembre+1531&pg=PA1176 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Johannes Letzner]], German Protestant priest and historian (d. [[1613]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kirstan |first1=Ralf |title=Die Welt des Johannes Letzner: Ein lutherischer Landpfarrer und Geschichtsschreiber des 16. Jahrhunderts |date=5 January 2015 |publisher=Wallstein Verlag |isbn=978-3-8353-2734-4 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uwt4DwAAQBAJ&dq=Johannes+Letzner+%2229+november+1531%22&pg=PA51 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Hendrick van Brederode]], Dutch noble (d. [[1568]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aa |first1=Abraham Jacob van der |title=Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden |date=1855 |volume=2|publisher=J.J. van Brederode |location=Haarlem |page=1249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcI5AAAAcAAJ&dq=Hendrick+van+Brederode+%22december+1531%22&pg=PA1249 |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Vespasiano I Gonzaga]], Italian noble and diplomat (d. [[1591]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Le Tombe Ed I Monumenti Illustri D'Italia |date=1822 |publisher=Bettoni |location=Milan |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BpfAAAAcAAJ&dq=Vespasiano+I+Gonzaga+%226+dicembre+1531%22&pg=PA146 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; [[Henry IX, Count of Waldeck]] (d. [[1577]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Akiyama Nobutomo]], Japanese nobleman (d. [[1575]])<ref>{{cite book |title=戦国人名辞典 |date=1973 |publisher=吉川弘文館 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZ_TAAAAMAAJ&q=%E7%A7%8B%E5%B1%B1%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%8B%E3%80%8C1531%E3%80%8D |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=ja}}</ref>
** [[António, Prior of Crato]], claimant to the throne of Portugal (d. [[1595]])
** [[John Popham (judge)|John Popham]], Lord Chief Justice of England (d. [[1607]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Popham, Sir John|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-22543|year=2004 |access-date=8 August 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/22543}}</ref>
** [[Şehzade Cihangir]], Ottoman prince (d. [[1553]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peirce |first1=Leslie P. |title=Empress of the east : how a European slave girl became queen of the Ottoman Empire |date=2017 |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-465-03251-8 |page=72 |url=https://archive.org/details/empressofeasthow0000peir/page/72/mode/2up?q=1531 |access-date=13 August 2023}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
[[File:Ulrich-Zwingli-1.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Huldrych Zwingli]]]]
[[File:Johannes Oecolampadius by Asper.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Johannes Oecolampadius]]]]
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Walraven II van Brederode]], Dutch noble (b. [[1462]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Kronijk van het Historisch Genootschap gevestigd te Utrecht |date=1876 |publisher=Kemink en Zoon. |page=415 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r63NAAAAMAAJ&dq=Walraven+II+van+Brederode+14+januari+1531&pg=PA415 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley]] (b. [[1460]])<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ancestry of Allen Grinnell Cleaver and Martha Irene Jessup: 172 Allied Families |date=1989 |publisher=Gateway Press |page=986 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4E7AAAAMAAJ&q=%2231%20january%201531%22 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Johannes Stöffler]], German mathematician (b. [[1452]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Allgemeine deutsche Biographie: Steinmetz - Stürenburg. 36 |date=1893 |publisher=Duncker & Humblot |page=317 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfMC9Npd3ZYC&dq=Johannes+St%C3%B6ffler+%E2%80%9E16.+Februar+1531%E2%80%9C&pg=PA317 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; [[María Pacheco]], Spanish heroine and defender of Toledo (b. [[1496]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lafuente |first1=Modesto |title=Historia general de España: desde los tiempos primitivos hasta la muerte de Fernando VII |date=1888 |publisher=Montaner y Simón, Editores |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9rYLAAAAYAAJ&dq=Mar%C3%ADa+Pacheco+%22marzo+de+1531%22&pg=PA132 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[Pedrarias Dávila]], Spanish colonial administrator (b. c. [[1440]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burguet |first1=José Luis |last2=Barquilla |first2=José Barrado |last3=Suárez |first3=Bernardo Fueyo |title=Influencia lascasiana en el siglo XVI |date=2006 |publisher=Editorial San Esteban |isbn=978-84-8260-178-6 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x2prmh0EkBwC&dq=Pedro+Arias+D%C3%A1vila+%226+de+marzo+de+1531%22&pg=PA220 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Jan Łaski (1456–1531)|Jan Łaski]], Polish statesman and diplomat (b. [[1456]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Szymanowski |first1=Wojciech |title=Dykcyonarz biograficzny powszechny |date=1851 |publisher=Glücksberg |page=45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StA5AAAAcAAJ&dq=Jan+%C5%81aski++%2219+maja+1531%22&pg=RA1-PA45 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Guy XVI de Laval|Guy XVI]], Count of Laval (b. [[1476]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=de La Trémoille |first1=François |title=Inventaire de François de La Trémoille, 1542: et comptes d'Anne de Laval, publiés d'après les originaux |date=1887 |publisher=E. Grimaud |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niUwAAAAYAAJ&dq=Guy+XVI+de+Laval+%2220+mai+1531%22&pg=PA188 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[George I, Duke of Pomerania]] from the House of Griffins (b. [[1493]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plantiko |first1=Otto |title=Pommersche Reformationsgeschichte |date=1922 |publisher=L. Bamberg |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=23lAAAAAIAAJ&dq=Georg+I+%2210+mai+1531%22&pg=PA38 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Tilman Riemenschneider]], German sculptor (b. [[1460]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Rimenschneider [Rimschneider], Tilman |url=https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/display/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000072171 |website=Grove Art Online |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Hosokawa Takakuni]], Japanese military commander (b. [[1484]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet]], Marshal of Normandy and husband of [[Diane de Poitiers]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=DEVILLE |first1=Jean Achille |title=Tombeaux de la cathédrale de Rouen |date=1833 |publisher=Nicetas Periaux |page=123 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ox9hAAAAcAAJ&dq=Louis+de+Br%C3%A9z%C3%A9+23+julliet+1531&pg=PA123 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[August 30]] &ndash; [[Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Duke of the Infantado]], Spanish noble (b. [[1461]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sliwa |first1=Krzysztof |title=Vida de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra |date=2006 |publisher=Edition Reichenberger |isbn=978-3-937734-13-2 |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShFU4MBCbqIC&dq=Diego+Hurtado+de+Mendoza+%2230+de+agosto+de+1531%22&pg=PA147 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Lorenzo Pucci]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1458]])<ref>{{cite web |title=PUCCI, Lorenzo |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/lorenzo-pucci_(Dizionario-Biografico) |website=www.treccani.it |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=it-IT}}</ref>
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Louise of Savoy]], French regent (b. [[1476]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Louise Of Savoy {{!}} French regent |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louise-of-Savoy |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=21 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[Huldrych Zwingli]], Swiss reformer (in battle) (b. [[1484]])<ref name=Walt/>
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Johannes Oecolampadius]], German religious reformer (b. [[1482]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles George |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia |date=1913 |publisher=Encyclopedia Press |page=213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z2kQAAAAIAAJ&dq=Johannes+Oecolampadius+%2224+november+1531%22&pg=PA213 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels]], German noble (b. [[1508]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brann |first1=Marcus |title=Geschichte der Juden in Schlesien: I -VI |date=1896 |publisher=W. Jacobsohn |page=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bpM9z2Nrdx0C&dq=Hedwig+von+M%C3%BCnsterberg-Oels+%2228+november+1531%22&pg=PA161 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Maud Green]], English noble (b. [[1492]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=James |first1=Susan E. |title=Catherine Parr : Henry VIII's last love |date=2009 |publisher=The History Press |location=Stroud |isbn=978-0-7524-4853-4 |page=55 |url=https://archive.org/details/catherineparrhen0000jame_x9e2/page/54/mode/2up?q=%221+december%22 |access-date=13 August 2023}}</ref>
* ''date unknown'' 
**[[Henrique of Kongo (bishop)|Henrique of Kongo]], bishop (b. [[1495]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=LaGamma |first1=Alisa |title=Kongo: Power and Majesty |date=16 September 2015 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-575-7 |page=95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ylRVCgAAQBAJ&dq=Henrique+of+Kongo+%221531%22&pg=PA95 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
**[[Eva von Isenburg]], sovereign Princess Abbess of Thorn Abbey
**[[Bars Bolud Jinong]], Mongol khan (b. [[1490]])
**[[Vallabha Acharya]], Indian founder of the Hindu Vallabha sect (b. [[1479]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flood |first1=Gavin |title=The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Hinduism |date=13 May 2022 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-14488-5 |page=235 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n79vEAAAQBAJ&dq=Vallabha+%221531%22+Varanasi&pg=PA235 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
**[[Gerónimo de Aguilar]], Spanish [[Franciscan]] [[friar]] who participated in the [[Spain|Spanish]] conquest of [[Mexico]] (b. [[1489]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=McClure |first1=Julia |title=The Franciscan Invention of the New World |date=30 November 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-43023-2 |page=101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jKgDQAAQBAJ&dq=Ger%C3%B3nimo+de+Aguilar+%221531%22&pg=PA101 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''probable''
**[[Fernán Pérez de Oliva]], Spanish man of letters (b. [[1492]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bleiberg |first1=Germán |last2=Ihrie |first2=Maureen |last3=Pérez |first3=Janet |title=Dictionary of the Literature of the Iberian Peninsula |date=1993 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-28732-9 |page=1263 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHnf68YaK8wC&dq=Fernan+Perez+de+Oliva+%221531%22+C%C3%B3rdoba&pg=PA1263 |access-date=13 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
**[[Antonio Pigafetta]], Italian navigator (b. [[1491]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1531}}
[[Category:1531| ]]