Editing 1528

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1528}}
{{Year nav|1528}}
[[File:Upset in the Surf.jpg|200px|thumb|[[November 6]]: Spanish explorers are wrecked on Galveston Island, becoming the first Europeans in what is now [[Texas]].]]
[[File:Nuremberg chronicles - Dance of Death (CCLXIIIIv).jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[June 5]]: The [[sweating sickness]] plague is first noticed in [[Kingdom of England|England]].]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''1528''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDXXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], there is also a [[Leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Gregorian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Gustav I of Sweden]] is crowned king of [[Sweden]], having already reigned since his election in June [[1523]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lillie Rollins Crawford|author2=Robert Junious Crawford|title=Roos Af Hjelmsäter: A Swedish Noble Family with Allied Families and Emigrants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EqtPAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Gateway Press|page=420|language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 26]] &ndash; The [[Canton of Bern]] becomes the second in [[Switzerland]] [[Reformation in Switzerland|to officially adopt Protestantism]] after 21-day debate, the [[Bern Disputation]]<ref>.{{Cite book |last1=Schaff |first1=Philip |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofchris07scha/page/105/mode/2up |title=History of the Christian Church: The Swiss Reformation |last2=Schaff |first2=David Schley |date=1889 |publisher=New York, C. Scribner's |others=Princeton Theological Seminary Library |volume=7 |pages=102–106}}</ref>
* [[February 29]] &ndash; [[John Zápolya]], ruler of the remaining eastern portion of [[Hungary]] after its the acquisition of the western section by the Habsburg Austrians, joins in an alliance with the Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] of the Ottoman Turks, receiving protection and autonomy in return for allowing Turkish occupation of his [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]].
* [[February]]
** Peasant uprising in [[Dalarna]], Sweden: The rebel campaign fails, and the rebel leader, later known as ''[[Nils Stensson Sture|Daljunkern]]'', flees to [[Rostock]].
** [[Diego García de Moguer]] explores the [[Sierra de la Plata]] along the [[Río de la Plata]], and begins to travel up the [[Paraná River]].<ref>''Los viajes de Diego García de Moguer''.</ref>
* [[March 20]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Szina]] is fought in the Kingdom of Hungary between the two rival kings, [[John Zápolya]] of Eastern Hungary and [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Ferdinand of Austria]], the Habsburg King of Western Hungary. Zapolya and his 15,000-man army are defeated by mercenaries hired by the Habsburgs. 
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[:it:Assedio di Melfi|siege]] of the southern Italian city of [[Melfi]] is started by the French Army, under the command of Marshal [[Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec]]. After killing the defenders and pulling down the city walls, the French troops plunder what remains and massacre more than 3,000 men, women and children.<ref>Leonardo Santoro, ''La spedizione di Lautrec nel Regno di Napoli'' (Bari, 1972)</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Battle of Capo d'Orso]]: The [[Kingdom of France|French]] fleet, under mercenary captain [[Filippino Doria]], crushes the [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish]] squadron trying to run the blockade of Naples.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Cristina Acidini|author2=Cristina Acidini Luchinat|author3=Palazzo Strozzi|title=The Medici, Michelangelo, & the Art of Late Renaissance Florence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WFuhUtCOmhsC&pg=PA172|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-09495-4|pages=172}}</ref>
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[James V|King James V of Scotland]], 16, held captive for more than two years under the guardianship of the [[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus|Earl of Angus]], is able to escape from [[Edinburgh]] to [[Stirling]] after several failed rescue attempts.<ref>Andrew Lang, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XzxKAQAAMAAJ&dq=Angus+James+May+1528&pg=PR14 A History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation]'', pp. xiii-xv (W. Blackwood and Sons, 1903)</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; The fourth major outbreak of the [[sweating sickness]] is noted for the first time, with a reference in a letter to Bishop Tunstall of London from someone who has fled his home because a servant at his house has become infected with the disease, with sweating soon followed by death.<ref>Charles Creighton, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kRMLAAAAIAAJ&q=%22sweating+sickness%22+1528 A History of Epidemics in Britain from A.D. 664 to the Extinction of Plague]'' (Cambridge University Press, 1891) pp.250-251</ref>
* [[June 17]] &ndash; The Italian city of [[Rimini]] and its surrounding area, ruled by the [[House of Malatesta]], is conquered by troops of the [[Papal States]] and subsequently annexed.<ref name="barbaresi">{{Cite journal |last=Barbaresi |first=Fabrizio |year=2017 |title=L'ultimo capitolo dei Malatesta |trans-title=The last chapter of the Malatesta |url=https://www.rotaryrimini.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Ariminum-Settembre-Ottobre-2017.pdf |journal=Ariminum |series=September–October 2017 |language=it-IT |publisher=[[Rotary International|Rimini Rotary Club]] |pages=12–13}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement VII]] issues the bull ''Religionis zelus'', recognizing the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin]] (''Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum''), commonly known as the Capuchin monks, as a reformist branch of the [[Franciscans]] order of Roman Catholicism.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02344b.htm Candide, Henri. "Matthew of Bassi"], ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907)</ref>
* [[July 8]] &ndash; After surviving a mutiny of his crew and the death of 18 of his men in an ambush in what is now [[Argentina]], Italian Venetian explorer [[Sebastian Cabot (explorer)|Sebastian Cabot]] dispatches his flagship, ''Trinidad'', back to Spain with reports and evidence against the mutineers, and a request for further military aid.<ref>Heather Dalton, ''Merchants and Explorers: Roger Barlow, Sebastian Cabot, & Networks of Atlantic Exchange 1500-1560'' (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 106-107</ref>
* [[August 4]] &ndash; The "Peace of St. Ambrose" is signed in [[Milan]] at the [[Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio]], bringing an end to the civil strife between the Milanese nobility and the local merchants. 
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Askia Muhammad I]], ruler of the [[Songhai Empire]] in West Africa since 1493, is forced to abdicate by his son, [[Askia Musa]], who declares himself to be the new Songhai Emperor.<ref>[http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396293/Muhammad-I-Askia#md-media-strip-tab-lists-content ''Muḥammad I Askia Songhai ruler''] from britannica.com</ref>
* [[August 29]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Naples (1528)|Siege of Naples]], at the time a part of the Holy Roman Empire, fails four months after it was launched by troops from France, led by [[Odet de Foix]], who had died of illness on August 15. The Imperial, Spanish and Genoese armies pursue their French attackers, who were attempting to retreat to the nearby city of [[Aversa]], and eliminate the survivors.<ref>Giovanni Antonio Summonte, ''Historia della città e regno di Napoli'', Tomo IV, Lib.7, cap.2</ref> 
* [[September 3]] &ndash; The [[Kyōroku]] [[Japanese era name|era]] begins in [[Japan]], with the last day of the [[Daiei (era)|Daiei]] era ending on Daiei 8, 20th day of the 8th month.
* [[September 12]] &ndash; Italian Admiral [[Andrea Doria]] defeats his former allies, the [[Kingdom of France|French]], and establishes the independence of [[Genoa]].
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[War of the League of Cognac]]: The Italian city of [[Pavia]] is besieged for the fifth and last time during the decade, after having been attacked in 1522, 1524, 1527, and in May of 1528. Troops from a coalition of the Venetian Republic, the Kingdom of France and the Duchy of Milan break through the city walls after six days of bombardment, kill 700 of the defenders, and recover the city for [[Francesco II Sforza]], Duke of Milan.<ref>[http://socrate.apnetwork.it/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/socrate79.pdf La guerra d'Italia dal 1521 al 1529 (The War of Italy from 1521 to 1529)]</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón]] arrives in the [[Maluku Islands]].
* [[October 13]] &ndash; Cardinal [[Thomas Wolsey]] founds a college in his birthplace of [[Ipswich]], England, which becomes the modern-day [[Ipswich School]] (incorporating institutions in the town dating back to [[1299]]).
* [[October 20]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Gorinchem]] is signed between [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], and [[Charles, Duke of Guelders]].
* [[November 6]] &ndash; Spanish conquistador [[Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca]] and his companions become the first known Europeans to set foot on the shores of what is present-day [[Texas]], when they and 80 survivors are wrecked on [[Galveston Island]] following a storm.<ref>{{cite web|title="Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca." The Mariners' Museum|work=Exploration Through the Ages|date=5 December 2014|url=http://ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/index.php?type=explorer&id=67|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112431/http://ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/index.php?type=explorer&id=67|archive-date=11 December 2014}}></ref> Only 15 live beyond winter, and they are eventually enslaved by various Indian tribes. Eventually, only four of the 81 Spanish survivors— Cabeza de Vaca, [[Andrés Dorantes de Carranza]], [[Alonso del Castillo Maldonado]], and an African slave of Dorantes, [[Estevanico]]— are able to escape and return home.<ref>{{cite book|last= Adorno |first= Rolena |author2=Pautz, Patrick |title= Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: His Account, His Life, and the Expedition of Panfilo de Narváez |date= 15 September 1999 |publisher= [[University of Nebraska Press]] |location= Lincoln |isbn= 978-0-8032-1463-7 }}, 3 vols.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rrm01 |title=Malhado Island |last=Chipman |first=Donald E. |website=TSHA Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association|date=15 June 2010 }}</ref>
* [[December 9]] &ndash; A new, three-member executive junta is appointed by the King of Spain to govern [[New Spain]] and the [[West Indies]], with [[Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán]], [[Juan Ortiz de Matienzo]], and [[Diego Delgadillo]] forming the first [[Audiencia Real]]. Beltran de Guzmán, Ortiz and Delgadillo succeed the two viceroys, [[Alonso de Estrada]] and [[Luis de la Torre]].  Beltran de Guzmán is designated as the President of the Audiencia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Orozco Linares |first=Fernando|title=Gobernantes de México|location=Mexico City|publisher=Panorama Editorial|year=1985|isbn=968-38-0260-5|language=es|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/gobernantesdemex0000oroz}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Montenegro]] gains autonomy under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] power.
* [[Spain|Spanish]] Conquistador [[Francisco de Montejo]] attempts an invasion of the [[Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán]], but is driven out by the [[Maya peoples]].
* [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] takes direct control of [[Acapulco]].
* [[Bubonic plague]] breaks out in England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/ren_man_series1_prt1/chronology.aspx|access-date=2007-11-08|title=Renaissance: The Reconstructed Libraries of European Scholars: 1450-1700|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720090857/http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/ren_man_series1_prt1/chronology.aspx|archive-date=2008-07-20}}</ref>
* [[St. George's Chapel, Windsor|St George's Chapel]] in [[Windsor Castle]] is completed.
* [[Chateau Fontainebleau]] in France is begun.
* [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]] begins work on the fortifications of [[Florence]].
* [[Baldassare Castiglione]] publishes ''[[The Book of the Courtier]]''.
* In [[Henan]] province, [[China]], during the mid [[Ming dynasty]], a vast [[drought]] deprives the region of harvests for the next two years, killing off half the people in some communities, due to [[starvation]] and [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]].<ref>Reported by local [[gazetteer]]s.</ref>
* [[Perak Sultanate]] and [[Johor Sultanate]] were established, both states being ruled by the sons of [[Mahmud Shah of Malacca]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
<!-- not very notable [[File:Qi_Jiquan.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Qi Jiguang]]]] -->
[[File:Jeanne-albret-navarre.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Jeanne d'Albret|Jeanne III of Navarre]]]]
* [[February 29]] 
** [[Domingo Báñez]], Spanish theologian (d. [[1604]])
** [[Albert V, Duke of Bavaria]] (d. [[1579]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Akechi Mitsuhide]], Japanese samurai and warlord (d. [[1582]])
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Jakob Andreae]], German theologian (d. [[1590]])
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Cyriacus Spangenberg]], German theologian and historian (d. [[1604]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress]] (d. [[1603]])
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (d. [[1589]])
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Archduchess Anna of Austria]], Duchess of Bavaria (d. [[1590]]) 
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]] (d. [[1580]])
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Diego Andrada de Payva]], Portuguese theologian (d. [[1575]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (d. [[1584]])
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg]] (d. [[1603]])
* [[October 4]]? &ndash; [[Francisco Guerrero (composer)|Francisco Guerrero]], Spanish composer (d. [[1599]])
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Adam Lonicer]], German botanist (d. [[1586]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Petrus Lotichius Secundus]], German Neo-Latin poet (d. [[1560]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Gabriel Goodman]], Dean of Westminster (d. [[1601]])
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Qi Jiguang]], Chinese military general (d. [[1588]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Francisco Pérez de Valenzuela]], Spanish noble (d. [[1599]])
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Jeanne d'Albret]], Queen of Navarre (d. [[1572]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Jo Eldridge Carney|title=Renaissance and Reformation, 1500-1620: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4TBFjimrHtQC&pg=PA8|year=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30574-0|pages=8}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu]], English politician (d. [[1592]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Igram van Achelen]], Dutch statesman (d. [[1604]])
** [[Adam von Bodenstein]], Swiss alchemist and physician (d. [[1577]])
** [[Jean-Jacques Boissard]], French antiquary and Latin poet (d. [[1602]])
** [[Andrey Kurbsky]], Russian writer (d. [[1583]])
** [[George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury]], English statesman (d. [[1590]])
** [[Phùng Khắc Khoan]], Vietnamese military strategist, politician, diplomat and poet (d. [[1613]])
** [[Sabina of Palatinate-Simmern|Sabina, Duchess of Bavaria]] (d. [[1578]])
** [[Sakuma Nobumori]], Japanese retainer and samurai (d. [[1582]])
** [[Tanegashima Tokitaka]], Japanese ''[[daimyō]]'' (d. [[1579]])
** [[Thomas Whythorne]], English musician and author (d. [[1595]])
* ''probable''
** [[Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick]], English general (d. [[1590]])
** [[Paul de Foix]], French diplomat (d. [[1584]])
** [[Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg]], stadtholder of the Dutch provinces of Friesland (d. [[1568]])
** [[Costanzo Porta]], Italian composer (d. [[1601]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Durer selfporitrait.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Albrecht Dürer]]]]
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Rana Sanga|Maharana Sangram Singh]], Rana of Mewar (b. [[1484]])
* [[February 29]] &ndash; [[Patrick Hamilton (martyr)|Patrick Hamilton]], Scottish religious reformer (martyred) (b. [[1504]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Balthasar Hübmaier]], influential German/Moravian Anabaptist leader (b. [[1480]])
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Francisco de Peñalosa]], Spanish composer (b. c. [[1470]])
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Albrecht Dürer]], German artist, writer, and mathematician (b. [[1471]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Ford Heath|title=Albrecht Dürer, 1471-1528|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRUOAQAAIAAJ|year=1929|publisher=S. Low, Marston|page=87}}</ref>
* July &ndash; [[Palma il Vecchio]], Italian painter (b. [[1480]])
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec]], French military leader (b. [[1485]])
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Georg von Frundsberg]], German knight and landowner (b. [[1473]])
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[Louis, Count of Vaudémont]], Italian bishop (b. [[1500]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Matthias Grünewald]], German artist (b. [[1470]])
* September &ndash; [[Pánfilo de Narváez]], Spanish conqueror and soldier in the Americas (b. [[1480]])
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Richard Foxe]], English churchman (b. c. [[1448]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Michele Antonio, Marquess of Saluzzo]] (b. [[1495]])
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Johann of Schwarzenberg]], German judge and poet (b. [[1463]])
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Jakob Wimpfeling]], Renaissance humanist (b. [[1450]])
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (b. [[1469]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]], Italian explorer (b. [[1485]])
** [[Peter Vischer the Younger]], German sculptor (b. [[1487]])
** [[Mahmud Shah of Malacca]], Malaccan sultan
** ''[[Daljunkern]]'', Swedish rebel leader who may have been pretender [[Nils Stensson Sture|Nils Sture]] (b. [[1512]])
** [[Barbro Stigsdotter]], Swedish noblewoman and heroine (b. [[1472]])
** [[Guru Ravidas]], (b. [[1377]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1528| ]]