Editing 1527

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1527}}
{{Year nav|1527}}
[[File:Sack of Rome of 1527 by Johannes Lingelbach 17th century.jpg|thumb|250px|[[May 6]]: [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] and [[Holy Roman Empire|German]] troops [[Sack of Rome (1527)|sack Rome]].]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
Year '''1527''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDXXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
*[[January 1]] &ndash; Croatian nobles elect [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] of Austria as [[King of Croatia]] in the Parliament on [[Cetin Castle|Cetin]].
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Felix Manz]], co-founder of the Swiss [[Anabaptist]]s, is drowned in the [[Limmat]] in [[Zürich]] by the Zürich Reformed state church.
*[[February 14]] &ndash; [[Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)|Queen consort Mary of Hungary]], named as regent for the kingdom upon the August 29 death of her husband [[Louis II of Hungary|Louis II]], asks permission from the Hungarian Diet to step down as the regent for the newly elected Frederick of Habsburg, but is denied.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jansen|first=Sharon L.|title=The monstrous regiment of women: female rulers in early modern Europe
|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2002|page=99|isbn=0-312-21341-7}}</ref>
*[[February 21]] &ndash; The [[Mughal–Rajput wars]] begin in [[India]] between the Emperor Babur of the Mughal Empire and states of the Rajput Confederacy, with the victory of the Rajput faction at the [[Battle of Bayana]].
*[[February 24]] &ndash;
**[[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand]] of the House of Habsburg is formally crowned as [[List of Bohemian monarchs|King of Bohemia]] at [[Pressburg]] (now [[Bratislava]] in [[Slovakia]]).
**The seven articles of the [[Schleitheim Confession]] are formally adopted by the [[Mennonites|Mennonite Anabaptist]] Christians at [[Schleitheim]] in the [[Canton of Schaffhausen]] in [[Switzerland]].<ref>Donald B. Kraybill, ''Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) p.25</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; In India, the [[Battle of Khanwa]] is fought as the Mughal Emperor [[Babur]] defeats [[Rajput]] ruler [[Rana Sanga]]. This and two other major [[Moghul Empire|Moghul]] victories lead to their domination of northern [[India]]. [[Dhaulpur]] fort is taken by Babur.<ref>{{cite book|author=K. V. Krishna Rao|title=Prepare Or Perish: A Study of National Security|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7xPaJomYsEC&pg=PA453|year=1991|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-81-7212-001-6|pages=453}}</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; The [[Shan States#Confederation of Shan States|Confederation of Shan States]] sacks [[Inwa|Ava]], the capital of the [[Kingdom of Ava|Ava Kingdom]].<ref name=hy-2-137>Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 137</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 30]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Westminster (1527)]], an alliance during the War of the League of Cognac, is signed.
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Sack of Rome (1527)|Sack of Rome]]: [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] and [[Holy Roman Empire|German]] troops led by the [[Charles III, Duke of Bourbon|Duke of Bourbon]] sack [[Rome]], forcing the Medici [[Pope Clement VII]] to make peace with [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], marking the end of the [[High Renaissance]]. The Pope grows a beard in mourning.
* [[May 16]] &ndash; In [[Florence]], the Piagnon, a group devoted to the memory of [[Girolamo Savonarola]], drive out the [[Medici]] for a second time, re-establishing the [[Republic of Florence]] until [[1530]].
* [[June 17]]
** The [[Narváez expedition]] to conquer [[Florida]] sets sail from [[Spain]].
** The [[Protestant Reformation]] begins in [[Sweden]]. The [[Riksdag of the Estates]] in [[Västerås]] adopts [[Lutheranism]] as the [[state religion]], in place of [[Roman Catholicism]]. This results in the confiscation of church property and dissolution of Catholic convents in accordance with the [[Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden]]. 
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Jakarta]], modern-day capital of [[Indonesia]], is founded as ''Jayakarta''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indonesia, the First 50 Years, 1945-1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Y4MAQAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Buku Antar Bangsa|isbn=978-979-8926-00-6|page=119}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September === 
* [[July 5]] &ndash; General [[Div Sultan Rumlu]], the regent for the 13-year old [[Tahmasp I]], the [[Safavid Iran|Safavid]] [[List of monarchs of Persia|Shah of Iran]], is assassinated and replaced by [[:az:Çuxa sultan Təkəli|Chukha Sultan Tekali]].<ref>
{{cite book |last1=Fisher |first1=William Bayne |last2=Jackson |first2=Peter
|last3=Lockhart |first3=Lawrence |date=1986 |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZ0-2BIR8BQC&q=DivDiv+Sultan+Rumlu&pg=PA234 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=236 |isbn=0521200946 |access-date=September 16, 2015}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Sződfalva]] is fought near [[Szeged]] in what is now [[Hungary]], with an army of Hungarians and Romanian Transylvanians defeating a Serbian army led by [[Jovan Nenad]], the self-proclaimed Emperor of the Serbs. The next day, Nenad is assassinated for his failure in battle.
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The first known letter is sent from North America by [[John Rut]], while at [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's, Newfoundland]], during his [[Rut's voyage|voyage to the New World]].
* [[August 20]]
** Sixty Anabaptists meet at the [[Martyrs' Synod]] in [[Augsburg]].
** Diet of [[Odense]] ([[Denmark]]): King [[Frederick I of Denmark|Frederick I]] declares religious tolerance for [[Lutherans]], permits marriage of priests and forbids seeking papal ''[[pallium]]'' (approval) for royal appointments of Church officials.<ref>Steffensen, Kenneth (2007). ''Scandinavia After the Fall of the Kalmar Union: a Study of Scandinavian Relations, 1523-1536''. Unpubl. M.A. Thesis, Brigham Young University.</ref><ref>Fisher, George P (1873). ''The Reformation''. Scribner.</ref>
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tarcal]]: [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand, future Holy Roman Emperor]], defeats [[John Zápolya]] and takes over most of [[Hungary]]. John appeals to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] for help.

=== October&ndash;December === 
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Sack of Pavia (1527)|French and Venetian troops kill thousands of civilians]] in the Italian city of [[Pavia]], even after the defenders agree to surrender.<ref>{{cite book |first=Kenneth Meyer |last=Setton |author-link=Kenneth Meyer Setton |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571 |volume=III: The Sixteenth Century to the Reign of Julius III |year=1984 |page=286 |publisher=American Philosophical Society}}</ref>
* [[October 31]] &ndash; Spanish conquistador [[Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón]] departs from [[Zihuatanejo]] in what is now Mexico on a voyage of exploration of the [[Pacific Ocean]], along with three ships, Saavedra's flagship ''La Florida'', and the vessels ''Espiritu Santo'' and ''Santiago''.<ref name=Stuessy>{{cite book|last1=Stuessy Wright|first1=Ione|title=Voyages of Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón 1527-1529|date=1951|publisher=University of Miami Press|location=Coral Gables, Florida}}</ref>
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Ferdinand of Austria]] is formally crowned as the [[List of Hungarian monarchs|King of Hungary]] at the [[Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary]] at [[Székesfehérvár]].
* [[November 4]] &ndash; In India, [[Puranmal]] becomes the new Raja of the [[Kingdom of Amber]] (now in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]) after his father, the Raja [[Prithviraj Singh I]] dies of wounds sustained in March in the [[Battle of Khanwa]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938 |publisher=Orient Longman Limited |year=1984 |page=33 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31 }}</ref>
* [[November 15]] &ndash; The lands of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|Bishopric of Utrecht]], now in the [[Netherlands]], are ceded to control of the [[Habsburgs]] in return for assistance in suppressing a rebellion by the citizens of [[Utrecht]].<ref>[http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1779n76h&chunk.id=d0e2020&toc.id=d0e1786&brand=ucpress Holland under Habsburg Rule, 1506–1566, p. 75]; Chapter three: ''The States of Holland and the Management of War''</ref>
* [[November 22]] &ndash; Spain's conquest of [[Guatemala]]'s highlands is completed as the capital of the colonial government is moved to the new city of [[Ciudad Vieja]] from [[Tecpán Guatemala|Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala]], near [[Iximche]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Pons Sáez, Nuria |year=1997 |title=La Conquista del Lacandón |publisher=[[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] |isbn=968-36-6150-5|oclc=40857165 |pages=xix- xxix}}</ref>
* [[November 23]] &ndash; The [[Érdy-codex|Érdy Codex]], the largest collection of [[Hungary|Hungarian]] legends and [[Hungarian language]] literature, is completed on Saint Clement's Day by an unidentified Carthusian monk at the seminary of [[Nagyszombat]] in Hungary (now [[Trnava]] in [[Slovakia]].<ref>Gyula Zolnai, ''Nyelvemlékeink a könyvnyomtatás koráig'' ("Our language heritage before the age of printing")(Budapest, 1894)</ref>  
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement VII]], held prisoner at the [[Castel Sant'Angelo]] since the sack of Rome in May, is released after seven months of captivity, along with 16 Roman Catholic cardinals.<ref>Gayangos (ed.), ''Calendar Simancas''  III, part 2,   p. 475. {{cite book |last=Creighton |first=Mandell |title=A History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IyYRAAAAYAAJ |volume=VI |year=1897 |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Company |location=London|page=361|isbn=9780837077819 }}</ref>
* [[December 15]] &ndash; Two of the three ships of Álvaro de Saavedra are separated from his own vessel, ''La Florida'', during a storm.  The ''Espiritu Santo'' and ''Santiago'', sailing ahead of ''La Florida'', are never heard from again.<ref name=Stuessy/>

===Date unknown ===
* The second of the [[Dalecarlian rebellions]] breaks out in Sweden.
* Members of the [[University of Wittenberg]] flee to [[Jena]] in fear of the [[bubonic plague]].
* In [[England]], [[Bishop Vesey's Grammar School]] (at [[Sutton Coldfield]], in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]) is founded by Bishop [[John Vesey]]; and [[Sir George Monoux College]] is founded as a [[grammar school]] at [[Walthamstow]] by Sir [[George Monoux]], draper and Lord Mayor of London.
* The [[Ming dynasty]] government of [[China]] greatly reduces the quotas for taking grain, severely diminishing the state's capacity to relieve famines through a previously successful [[granary]] system.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:1527 Anna Sophia.jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|[[Anna Sophia of Prussia]]]]
[[File:Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal and Asturias - El Prado.jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|[[Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal]]]]
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Ludwig Lavater]], Swiss Reformed theologian (d. [[1586]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Ulrich, Duke of Mecklenburg]] (d. [[1603]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Alfonso d'Este, Lord of Montecchio]], Italian nobleman (d. [[1587]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Hermann Finck]], German composer and music theorist (d. [[1558]])
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Isabella Markham]], English courtier (d. [[1579]])
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Edward Fitton, the elder]], Irish politician (d. [[1579]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[Abraham Ortelius]], Flemish cartographer and geographer (d. [[1598]])
* {{circa}} [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Johannes Stadius]], German astronomer, astrologer, mathematician (d. [[1579]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]], King of Spain (d. [[1598]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Patrick Williams|title=Philip II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ri5dDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3|date=14 March 2017|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-4039-1381-4|pages=3}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Agnes of Hesse]], German noble, by marriage, Princess of Saxony (d. [[1555]])
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Anna Sophia of Prussia]], Duchess of Prussia and Duchess of Mecklenburg (d. [[1591]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Jean Vendeville]], French law professor, Roman Catholic bishop (d. [[1592]])
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Saitō Yoshitatsu]], Japanese daimyō (d. [[1561]])
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[John Dee (mathematician)|John Dee]], English mathematician, astronomer, and geographer (d. [[1608]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter J. French|title=John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qw0RIVqh81sC&pg=PA20|year=1987|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7448-0079-1|pages=20}}</ref>
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. [[1576]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg]], German princess (d. [[1595]])
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[John Lesley]], Scottish bishop (d. [[1596]])
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[William Drury]], English politician (d. [[1579]])
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal]] (d. [[1545]])
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Louis I, Cardinal of Guise]], French Catholic cardinal (d. [[1578]])
* [[November 1]] 
** [[Pedro de Ribadeneira]], Spanish hagiologist (d. [[1611]])
** [[William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham]], English noble and politician (d. [[1597]])
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[Tilemann Heshusius]], Gnesio-Lutheran theologian (d. [[1588]])
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Luca Cambiasi]], Italian painter (d. [[1585]])
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Bernhard VIII, Count of Lippe]] (d. [[1563]])
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[Hugues Doneau]], French lawyer (d. [[1591]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Luis de León]], Spanish lyric poet and mystic (d. [[1591]])
** [[Annibale Padovano]], Italian composer and organist (d. [[1575]])
* ''probable''
** [[John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick]], English nobleman (d. [[1554]])
** [[Lawrence Humphrey]], English clergyman and educator (d. [[1590]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:JuanGrijalvaCuellar.jpg|thumbnail|right|110px|[[Juan de Grijalva]]]]
[[File:Portrait of Niccol%C3%B2 Machiavelli by Santi di Tito.jpg|thumbnail|right|110px|[[Niccolò Machiavelli]]]]
[[File:Bastidas.JPG|thumbnail|right|120px|[[Rodrigo de Bastidas]]]]
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Felix Manz]], leader of the Swiss Anabaptists (executed) (b. [[1498]])
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Juan de Grijalva]], Spanish conqueror (b. [[1489]])
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Shwenankyawshin]], Burmese king of [[Kingdom of Ava|Ava]] (b. [[1476]])
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Rana Sanga]], Indian ruler (b. [[1484]])
* [[April 19]] 
** [[Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden]] (b. [[1453]])
** [[Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland]] (b. [[1477]])
* April/May &ndash; Sir [[Thomas Docwra]], English Grand Prior of the Knights Hospitaller (b. [[1458]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Charles III, Duke of Bourbon]], Count of Montpensier and Dauphin of Auvergne (b. [[1490]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Niccolò Machiavelli]], Italian writer and statesman (b. [[1469]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Phil Harris|author2=Andrew Lock|author3=Patricia Rees|title=Machiavelli, Marketing and Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rESFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR13|date=20 April 2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-60568-2|pages=13}}</ref>
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Bernardo de' Rossi]], Italian bishop (b. [[1468]])
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Rodrigo de Bastidas]], Spanish conqueror and explorer (b. c. [[1460]])
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Anna Swenonis]], Swedish manuscript illuminator
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Leonhard Kaiser]], German Lutheran theologian and reformer (executed) (b. c. 1480)
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach]], Margrave of Bayreuth (b. [[1481]])
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Johann Froben]], Swiss printer and publisher (b. c. [[1460]])
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Catherine of York]], English princess (b. [[1479]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Panton |first1=James |title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy |date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7497-8 |page=92 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA92 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Jerome Emser]], German theologian (b. [[1477]])
* ''date unknown''
**[[Francesco Colonna (writer)|Francesco Colonna]], Italian Dominican priest (b. [[1433]])
** [[Luisa de Medrano]], Spanish scholar  (b. [[1484]])
** [[Div Sultan Rumlu]], Persian military leader
** [[Petrus Thaborita]], Frisian historian and monk (b. c. [[1450]])
** [[Cristoforo Solari]], Italian sculptor and architect (b. c. [[1460]])
** [[Jan "Ciężki" Tarnowski]], Polish nobleman (b. c. [[1479]])
** [[Huayna Capac]], [[Sapa Inca]] of the Inca Empire (b. [[1493]])
** [[Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi]], Italian calligrapher and type designer (b. [[1475]])
* ''probable'' &ndash; [[Jane Shore]], mistress of King [[Edward IV of England]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1527| ]]