Editing 1512

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1512}}
{{Year nav|1512}}
[[File:Sistina-interno.jpg|thumb|250px|[[November 1]]: Michelangelo's painting on the ceiling of the [[Sistine Chapel]] is displayed to the public for the first time.]] 
[[File:Battle of Ravenna (1512).JPG|thumbnail|right|[[April 11]]: [[Battle of Ravenna (1512)|Thousands are killed in the Battle of Ravenna]]]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
Year '''1512''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDXII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Svante Nilsson (regent of Sweden)|Svante Nilsson]], regent of Sweden since [[1504]], dies at the age of 51. [[Erik Trolle|Eric Trolle]] is subsequently elected as the new Regent, but will be ousted after only six months.<ref name="STARBÄCK1864">{{Cite book |last=Carl Georg STARBÄCK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kus6CydluoQC&pg=PA22 |title=Öfversigt af riksföreståndarskapet i Sverige under unionstiden, etc |date=1864 |pages=22–23}}</ref>
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Neagoe Basarab]] becomes the new [[List of princes of Wallachia|Prince of Wallachia]] at the capital, [[Târgoviște]], after Prince [[Vlad cel Tânăr|Prince Vlad V]] is captured at battle in [[Bucharest]] and then decapitated.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Giurescu |first=Constantin C. |title=The History of Romanians |publisher=BIC ALL |date=2007 |isbn=978-9-7357-1709-4 |volume=II |location=București |pages=107–108}}
* {{Cite book |author=Academia Romana |title=A History of Romanians |volume=IV |location=Bucuresti |publisher=Editura Enciclopedica |date=2012 |ref=none |edition=2nd |isbn=978-9-7345-0652-1}}</ref>
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[War of the League of Cambrai]]: The [[Kingdom of France|French]] carry out the [[Sack of Brescia]].
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Pope Julius II]] issues the papal bull ''Dilecte fili'', declaring King Louis XII deposed and directing that the French throne be given to King Henry VIII of England.
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Donyo Dorje]], ruler of the Kingdom of [[Ü-Tsang]] and most of [[Tibet]], dies after a reign of more than 30 years and is succeeded by his brother, [[Ngawang Namgyal (Rinpungpa)|Ngawang Namgyal]].<ref>Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, ''Tibet. A Political History'', (Yale University Press, 1967) p. 87</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 11]] &ndash; War of the League of Cambrai &ndash; [[Battle of Ravenna (1512)|Battle of Ravenna]]:<ref>{{cite book|title=Augustiniana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4vYAAAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Augustijns Historisch Instituut|page=202}}</ref> [[Kingdom of France|French]] troops under [[Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours]], assisted by the [[Duchy of Ferrara]], defeat the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] and [[Papal States]] troops led by [[Ramón de Cardona]]. Gaston is killed in the pursuit as the Spanish retreat, and at least 3,000 of his troops are killed. More than 9,000 Spanish and Papal troops are killed, and 17,000 civilians in and around the city of [[Ravenna]] are massacred.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bowd |first=Stephen D. |title=Renaissance Mass Murder: Civilians and Soldiers during the Italian Wars |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018 |page=6}}</ref>
* [[May 3]] &ndash; The [[Fifth Council of the Lateran]] begins.
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk]], leads an English expedition into France and burns the port city of [[Brest, France|Brest]].<ref name=Fires>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p28</ref>
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Selim I]] succeeds [[Bayezid II]], as [[Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]].
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri]], ruler of the [[Mamluk Sultanate]] that controls Egypt and what is now Egypt, Israel, Lebanon and parts of Syria, receives an envoy from [[George II of Kakheti|King George II of Kakheti]] (now located in the [[Republic of Georgia]]) and decides to reopen the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in [[Jerusalem]].<ref>Viaggio di Domenico Trevisan, ambasciatore veneto al gran Sultano del Cairo nell’anno 1512, descritto da Zaccaria Pagani di Belluno, ed. N. Barozzi (Venice, 1875)</ref>
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Maximilian Sforza|Massimiliano Sforza]] is installed as the new [[List of dukes of Milan|Duke of Milan]] by the [[Holy League]], to force out King [[Louis XII of France]].
* [[June 24]] &ndash; Captain-Major Simão de Miranda de Azevedo took office as the new [[List of colonial governors of Mozambique|Portuguese Governor of Mozambique]] after being replaced by [[Manuel I of Portugal|King Manuel I]] to replace    [[António de Saldanha]].
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Giano II di Campofregoso]] was elected as the [[Doge of Genoa|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Genoa]] in Italy after the withdrawal of French occupation troops, filling a vacancy that had existed since [[1507]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 10]] &ndash; King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] sends [[Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba|Don Fadrique de Toledo]], to complete the [[Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bustillo Kastrexana |first=Joxerra |title=Guía de la conquista de Navarra en 12 escenarios |year=2012 |publisher=Txertoa Argitaletxea |location=Donostia |page=81 |isbn=978-84-71484819}}</ref>
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The [[:es:Tratado de Blois (1512)|Treaty of Blois]] is signed in France between representatives of the Spanish [[Kingdom of Navarre]] and of the [[Kingdom of France]] guaranteeing French intervention to keep Navarre neutral and to prevent an attack by the "Holy League" alliance of Pope Julius II and Spain's [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Castile]].<ref>Gregorio Monreal and Roldan Jimeno, ''Conquista e Incorporación de Navarra a Castilla'' (Pamplona-Iruña: Prensa Pamiela, 2012)</ref> 
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Sten Sture the Younger]] is elected new Regent of Sweden, replacing Eric Trolle.<ref name="STARBÄCK1864"/>
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[War of the League of Cambrai]] &ndash; [[Battle of Saint-Mathieu]]: The [[Kingdom of England|English]] navy defeats the French-[[Brittany|Breton]] fleet. Both navies use ships firing cannons through ports, and each loses its principal ship — ''Regent'' and ''Marie-la-Cordelière'' — through a large explosion aboard the latter.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; After being dispatched by [[Pope Julius II]] with command of a Spanish Army, General [[Pope Leo X|Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici]] recaptures the city of [[Florence]] (Firenze), capital of the [[Florentine Republic]] in Italy and ousts [[Piero Soderini]] as the ruling ''[[Gonfaloniere]]''. The success at Florence spares the city of Rome from a French invasion. Within a year, Medici becomes leader of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and the [[Papal States]] as [[Pope Leo X]].
* [[September 10]] &ndash; Portuguese Admiral [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] departs from the Indian city of [[Kochi|Cochin]] with 14 ships and 1,700 troops to retake the fortress of [[Goa]], capital of [[Portuguese India]], from [[Bijapur]]'s General [[Rasul Khan]]. A day before a planned Portuguese attack on Bihar's army, Rasul Khan and his occupying forces depart from Goa.<ref>Robert Sewell, A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar). A Contribution to the History of India, Adamant Media Corporation, p. 351, {{ISBN|0543925889}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Martin Luther]] becomes a doctor of theology (''Doctor in Biblia'').<ref name="Gritsch2009">{{cite book|author=Eric W. Gritsch|title=Martin - God's Court Jester: Luther in Retrospect|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akL7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|date=1 May 2009|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-72522-571-8|pages=10}}</ref>
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Martin Luther]] joins the theological faculty of the [[University of Wittenberg]].<ref name="Gritsch2009"/>
* [[November 1]] &ndash; The ceiling of the [[Sistine Chapel]], painted by [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], is exhibited to the public for the first time.
* [[December 27]] &ndash; The Spanish Crown issues the [[Laws of Burgos]], governing the conduct of settlers with regard to native Indians in the New World.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[António de Abreu]] discovers [[Timor|Timor Island]], and reaches the [[Banda Islands]], [[Ambon Island]] and [[Seram]].
* [[Francisco Serrão]] reaches the [[Moluccas]].
* Francisco Serrao and other shipwreck sailors with permission from the [[Sultanate of Ternate|Ternate Sultanate]] build [[Fort Tolukko]]. It is one of the earliest, if not the first European style fortress in southeast Asia.
* [[Juan Ponce de León]] discovers the [[Turks and Caicos Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Turks & Caicos Islands: Report for the Years ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfolAQAAMAAJ|year=1961|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|page=45}}</ref>
* [[Pedro Mascarenhas]] discovers [[Diego Garcia]], and reaches [[Mauritius]] in the [[Mascarene Islands]].
* [[Moldavia]] becomes a vassal of the [[Ottoman Empire]], on the same conditions as [[Wallachia]]: the voivode will be designated by the Turks, but will be [[Eastern Orthodox]] Christians. Also, the Turks are not allowed to build mosques, to be buried, to own land or to settle in the country.
* The [[Florentine Republic]] begins to be dismantled, and the [[Medici Family]] comes back into power.<ref>{{cite book|author=Quentin Skinner|title=The Foundations of Modern Political Thought: Volume 1, The Renaissance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GF6X2ow__MgC&pg=PA153|date=30 November 1978|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-29337-2|pages=153}}</ref>
* The word ''[[masque]]'' is first used to denote a poetic drama.
* [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] begins to write ''[[Commentariolus]]'', an abstract of what will eventually become his [[heliocentric]] astronomy ''[[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]]''; he sends it to other scientists interested in the matter by [[1514]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Bernard|last=Grun|title=The Timetables of History|edition=3rd|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1991|isbn=0-671-74919-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun/page/229 229]|url=https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Book Nobody Read: Chasing the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus|author-link=Owen Gingerich|last=Gingerich|first=Owen|publisher=Walker|year=2004|isbn=0-8027-1415-3|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/booknobodyreadch00ging}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Astronomical Revolution: Copernicus – Kepler – Borelli|last=Koyré|first=Alexandre|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1973|author-link=Alexandre Koyré|location=Ithaca, NY|isbn=0-8014-0504-1}}</ref>
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== Births ==
[[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Bildnis der Prinzessin Sibylle von Cleve (1526, Klassik Stiftung Weimar).jpg|thumbnail|right|110px|[[Sibylle of Cleves]]]]
[[File:mercator.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Gerardus Mercator]]]]
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela]], General Inquisitor of Spain (d. [[1594]])
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Sibylle of Cleves]], electress consort of Saxony (d. [[1554]])
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Henry, King of Portugal]] and Cardinal (d. [[1580]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Spencer Baynes|title=The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bFrRffe9BkC&pg=PA671|year=1880|publisher=Samuel L. Hall|pages=671|language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews)|John Hamilton]], archbishop of St Andrews (d. [[1571]])
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Pedro Agustín]], Spanish Catholic bishop (d. [[1572]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Gerardus Mercator]], Flemish cartographer (d. [[1594]])
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[James V of Scotland]], King of Scots (d. [[1542]])<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Lynch |editor1-first=Michael |title=The Oxford companion to Scottish history |date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199693054 |page=353}}</ref>
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel]], Chancellor of the University of Oxford (d. [[1580]])
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[George II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels]], Count of Glatz (d. [[1553]])
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Cristoforo Madruzzo]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1578]])
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva]], Spanish jurist, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Cuenca (d. [[1577]])
* August ? &ndash; [[Catherine Parr]], English queen consort (d. [[1548]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Queen Catharine Parr|title=Katherine Parr: Complete Works and Correspondence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cBzuka1QBKkC&pg=PA5|date=30 June 2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-64724-1|pages=5}}</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Staphylus]], German theologian (d. [[1564]])
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Hu Zongxian]], Chinese general (d. [[1565]])
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Jon Simonssøn]], Norwegian humanist (d. [[1575]])
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Marcin Kromer]], Prince-Bishop of Warmia (d. [[1589]])
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Boniface IV, Marquess of Montferrat]], Italian nobleman (d. [[1530]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Robert Recorde]], Welsh physician and mathematician (d. [[1558]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Gareth Ffowc Roberts|title=Count Us In: How to Make Maths Real for All of Us|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EeyVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University of Wales Press|isbn=978-1-78316-797-5|pages=22|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Gissur Einarsson]], first Lutheran bishop in Iceland (d. [[1548]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Amerigo Vespucci01.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Amerigo Vespucci]]]]
[[File:II Bayezit.jpg|thumb|110px|right|Sultan [[Bayezid II]]]]
[[File:AlessandroAchillini.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Alessandro Achillini]]]]
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Svante Nilsson (regent of Sweden)|Svante Nilsson]], regent of Sweden since [[1504]] (b. [[1460]])<ref name="STARBÄCK1864"/>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Reinhard IV, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg]] (1500–1512) (b. [[1473]])
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Hatuey]], Puerto Rican Taíno chief
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Amerigo Vespucci]], Italian merchant and cartographer, after whom the [[Americas]] are named (b. [[1451]])
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Lucas Watzenrode]], Prince-Bishop of Warmia (b. [[1447]])
* [[April 11]] 
** [[Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours|Gaston de Foix]], French military commander (b. [[1489]])
** [[Asakura Sadakage]], 9th head of the Asakura clan (b. [[1473]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Pandolfo Petrucci]], ruler of Siena (b. [[1452]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Bayezid II]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (b. [[1447]])
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Goto Yujo]], Japanese swordsman and artisan (b. [[1440]])
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Alessandro Achillini]], Italian philosopher (b. [[1463]])
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Imperia Cognati]], Italian courtesan (b. [[1486]])
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl]], Scottish peer (b. [[1440]])
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Johannes Engel]], German doctor, astronomer and astrologer (b. [[1453]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trimble |first1=Virginia |last2=Williams |first2=Thomas R. |last3=Bracher |first3=Katherine |last4=Jarrell |first4=Richard |last5=Marché |first5=Jordan D. |last6=Ragep |first6=F. Jamil |title=Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |date=September 18, 2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-0-387-30400-7 |page=339 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-BF1CHkc50C&pg=PA339 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Sophia Jagiellon, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach]], Polish princess (b. [[1464]])
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Anna of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg]] (b. [[1437]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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