Editing 1455

[[File:York victory over Lancaster.svg|thumb|The [[Wars of the Roses]] begin with the [[First Battle of St Albans]].]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}

{{Refimprove|date=January 2023}}
{{Year nav|1455}}
{{C15 year in topic}}
[[File:Gutenberg Bible, New York Public Library, USA. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|The [[Gutenberg Bible]] is printed.]]
Year '''1455''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (full) of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;December ===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Nicholas V]] publishes ''[[Romanus Pontifex]]'', an encyclical addressed to King [[Afonso V of Portugal]], which sanctions the conquest of non-Christian lands, and the reduction of native non-Christian populations to 'perpetual slavery'. (Later there will be a dramatic reversal when, in [[1537]], the bull ''[[Sublimis Deus]]'' of [[Pope Paul III]] forbids the enslavement of non-Christians.)
* [[February 23]] &ndash; The [[Gutenberg Bible]] is the first book printed with [[movable type]].<ref>{{cite book|title=This Facsimile Page of Gutenberg's 42-line Bible (1453-1455) was Printed on the Gutenberg Press Loaned by the Gutenberg Museum of Mainz for "A Century of Progress International Exposition", Chicago, 1933, and Exhibited by the Cuneo Press, Inc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHhiYgEACAAJ|year=1933|publisher=Gutenberg Press}}</ref>
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Calixtus III]] succeeds [[Pope Nicholas V]], as the 209th [[pope]].
* Spring &ndash; The [[Wars of the Roses]] begin in [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of Arkinholm]]: Forces loyal to King [[James II of Scotland]] defeat the supporters of the [[Earl of Douglas]].
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[First Battle of St Albans]]: [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York|Richard, Duke of York]], defeats and captures King [[Henry VI of England]].<ref name=Sadler>{{cite book|author=John Sadler|title=The Red Rose and the White: The Wars of the Roses, 1453-1487|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HgWtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR16|date=14 January 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-90518-9|pages=16}}</ref>
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)|Thirteen Years' War]]: a decisive victory by the [[Teutonic Order]] during the [[Battle for Kneiphof]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rogalski |first=Leon |title=Dzieje Krzyżaków oraz ich stosunki z Polską, Litwą i Prusami |publisher=S. Orgelbrand |year=1846 |volume=II |location=Warsaw |language=pl}}</ref> a war they would eventually lose with the signing of [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)|Thorn]].
* [[November 15]] &ndash; The conflict between [[Vladislav II of Wallachia]] and [[John Hunyadi]] escalates, so the latter decides to support [[Vlad the Impaler]] for the throne of [[Wallachia]], the following year.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg]], Count of Ravensberg (d. [[1511]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Johann Reuchlin]], German-born humanist and scholar (d. [[1522]])
* [[February 2]] &ndash; King [[John, King of Denmark|John of Denmark]], Norway, and Sweden (d. [[1513]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_bkAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|page=89}}</ref>
* [[March 3]]
** King [[John II of Portugal]] (d. [[1495]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hourihane |first1=Colum |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |date=2012 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=9780195395365 |page=217 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Ascanio Sforza]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1505]])
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Pietro Accolti]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1532]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Andrea Gritti]], Doge of Venice (d. [[1538]])<ref name="BDI">{{DBI|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/andrea-gritti_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|title=GRITTI, Andrea|volume=59|first=Gino |last=Benzoni}}</ref>
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang I of Oettingen]], German count (d. [[1522]])
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Anne of Savoy]], Savoy royal (d. [[1480]])
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Frederick IV of Baden]], Dutch bishop (d. [[1517]])
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Deposed Queen Lady Yun|Queen Yun]], Korean queen (d. [[1482]])
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg]] (d. [[1499]])
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[George, Duke of Bavaria]] (d. [[1503]])
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen]], Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen (d. [[1516]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Peter Vischer the Elder]], German sculptor (approximate date) (d. [[1529]])
** [[Estefania Carròs i de Mur]], Spanish educator (approximate date) (d. [[1511]])
** [[Raden Patah]], Javanese sultan, founder of the [[Demak Sultanate]] (d. [[1518]])
** [[María de Ajofrín]], Spanish visionary (d. [[1489]])
** [[Nicholas Barnham]], English knight, killed in the [[War of the Roses]] (d. [[1485]])
** [[Angelo da Vallombrosa]], Italian jurist and abbot (d. [[1530]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Fra Angelico]], [[Italy|Italian]] painter (b. [[1395]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Guido Di Piero, Known as Fra Angelico, Ca. 1395-1455|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0c3AQAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Germany|isbn=978-3-8290-0246-2|page=6}}</ref>
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Pope Nicholas V]] (b. [[1397]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicholas V {{!}} Vatican Library & Dum Diversas |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicholas-V-pope |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=6 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Zbigniew Oleśnicki (cardinal)|Zbigniew Oleśnicki]], Polish Catholic cardinal and statesman (b. [[1389]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Archibald Douglas, Earl of Moray]] (in battle)
* [[May 22]] (killed at the [[First Battle of St Albans]]):
**[[Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland]], Lancastrian commander (b. [[1393]])<ref name=Sadler/>
**[[Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset]], Lancastrian commander (b. [[1406]])<ref name=Sadler/>
**[[Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford]], Lancastrian commander (b. [[1414]])<ref name=Sadler/>
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Alonso Tostado]], Spanish Catholic bishop
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Johannes Brassart]], Flemish composer
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing]], French Catholic cardinal
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Lorenzo Ghiberti]], Italian sculptor and metal smith (b. [[1378]])
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Isabel of Coimbra]], queen of Portugal (b. [[1432]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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