Editing 1442

{{About year|1442}}
{{Year nav|1442}}
[[File:VigilesDeCharlesVII-1442-Tartas.jpg|250px|thumb|[[June 24]]: French troops come to the rescue of Tartas]]
[[File:Thuróczy krónika - A szebeni csata.jpg|250px|thumb|[[March 25]]: John Hunyadi of Hungary defeats Ottomans at the '[[Battle of Hermannstadt]] (image from the Chronica Hungagorum]]
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1442''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXLII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 25]] &ndash; 
**The English Parliament opens at [[Westminster]] for a 60-day session, and the House of Commons re-elects [[William Tresham]] as its speaker. 
**The [[Treaty of Nürtingen]] is signed between the two counts of [[County of Württemberg|Württemberg]], the brothers [[Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg-Urach|Ludwig]] and [[Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg|Ulrich]], dividing the German that divided the territory between them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ludwig I von Württemberg |url=https://www.schloss-urach.de/en/interesting-amusing/figures/ludwig-i-von-wuerttemberg |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=schloss-urach.de |publisher=Urach Residential Palace}}</ref> 
**[[John Fortescue (judge)|John Fortescue]] becomes the new [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales]], replacing the late [[John Hody]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|title = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|author = E. W. Ives|url = https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/9944|date = 22 September 2005| doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9944 |access-date = 23 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[January 25]] &ndash; Two months after the death of the Burmese King [[Minye Kyawswa I of Ava]], his brother-in-law [[Thihapate of Mohnyin]] turns down an offer to rule the kingdom, and recommends that Kyswswa's younger brother, [[Narapati I of Ava|Thihathu]], Viceroy of Prome, become the new King.<ref>{{cite book|last=Aung-Thwin|first=Michael A.|author-link=Michael Aung-Thwin|title=Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|year=2017|location=Honolulu|pages=89–90|isbn=978-0-8248-6783-6}}</ref>
* [[February 4]] &ndash; As part of his campaign to reunite the Christian churches of the world, [[Pope Eugene IV]] promulgates the [[Bull of Union with the Copts]] (officially, ''Cantate Domino''), an attempted union with the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]] of Egypt.<ref>{{cite book |last = Eugenius IV |first = Pope |author-link = Pope Eugene IV |editor = Norman P. Tanner |title = Decrees of the ecumenical councils |orig-year = 1442 |access-date = 2008-04-10 |series = 2 volumes |year = 1990 |publisher = [[Georgetown University Press]] |location = [[Washington, DC]] |isbn = 0-87840-490-2 |language =el, la |chapter = Ecumenical Council of Florence (1438-1445): Session 11—4 February 1442; Bull of union with the Copts |chapter-url = http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/FLORENCE.HTM#5 |lccn = 90003209 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190709005029/http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/FLORENCE.HTM#5 |archive-date = 2019-07-09}}</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Hermannstadt]]: After seven days of fighting that began on March 18, [[John Hunyadi]] defeats an army of the [[Ottoman Empire]] (80,000 strong), led by [[Mezid|Mezid Bey]] of [[Vidin]], near [[Sibiu]] in what is now [[Romania]].<ref>''A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East'', Vol. I, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), p.337</ref>
* [[March 27]] &ndash; The English Parliament adjourns and King Henry VI gives [[royal assent]] to numerous adts passed, including the [[Treason Act 1442]] (making the act of restraining English citizens or possessions within Wales an act punishable as treason) and the [[Peeresses Act 1441]] (requiring that wives of nobles shall be put on trial in the same way as the peers of the realm)<ref>''Statutes at Large,'' vol. I, Danby Pickering, Cambridge University Press (1765).</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 6]] &ndash; Thihathu is enthroned as the new Burmese King [[Narapati I of Ava]].{{cite book|author=Royal Historical Commission of Burma|author-link=Royal Historical Commission of Burma|title=[[Hmannan Yazawin]]|volume=2|orig-year=1832|location=Yangon|language=Burmese|year=2003|publisher=Ministry of Information, Myanmar|page=81}}
* [[May 8]] &ndash; In Germany, the [[Electorate of Brandenburg]] and the [[Duchy of Pomerania]] enter into an alliance against the [[Mecklenburg-Stargard|Duchy of Mecklenburg-Stargard]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |first1=Gerhard |last1=Heitz |first2=Henning |last2=Rischer |publisher=Koehler&Amelang|location=Münster-Berlin |year=1995 |pages=191–192 |isbn=3-7338-0195-4 |language=German}}</ref>
* [[June 2]] &ndash; After a six-month siege, [[Alfonso V of Aragon|King Alfonso of Aragon]] proclaims himself [[List of monarchs of Naples|King of Naples]]. Alfonso allows the French ruler, King [[René of Anjou]], to return to France.<ref>{{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=René, Duke of Anjou  |volume=2 |pages=58–59 }}</ref>
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Erik of Pomerania|Erik III]] is deposed as [[King of Norway]] and the nobles vote to invite [[Christopher of Bavaria|King Christopher of Sweden]] to become the new monarch.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://nbl.snl.no/Sigurd_Jonsson|title=Sigurd Jonsson|publisher=Norsk biografisk leksikon|author=Erik Opsahl|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[June 8]] &ndash; In China, [[Empress Qian|Qian]] marries the 14-year-old [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming]] and becomes the primary Empress Consort.<ref name=Twitchett>{{cite book |last1= Twitchett |first1=Denis C. |chapter=The Cheng-tung, Ching-t'ai, and T'ien-shun Reigns, 1436-1464 |pages=307 |editor1=Frederick W. Mote |editor2=Denis C. Twitchett | title=The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1 |series=The Cambridge History of China |volume=7
|location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1988| isbn=9781139054751| doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521243322}}</ref>
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Friedrich, Duke of Inner Austria]] is crowned as [[King of the Romans|Romanorum Rex]], King of the Germans, and becomes the heir to the Holy Roman Emperor.
* [[June 24]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Tartas]] ends in France after almost two years, when French forces come to the relief of [[Charles II of Albret]] and force the Gascony rebels and English troops to retreat.

=== July&ndash;Seotember ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; The coronation of [[Christopher of Bavaria|King Christopher of Sweden and Denmark]] as [[King of Norway]] takes place in [[Oslo]].<ref name=snl>{{cite web|url =  https://snl.no/Erik_av_Pommern|title=Erik Av Pommern|publisher = Store norske leksikon|author=Erik Opsahl|access-date=June 1, 2018|date=2018-03-20}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Francis I, Duke of Brittany|Fransez I]] becomes the new [[Duke of Brittany]] upon the death of his father, [[John V, Duke of Brittany|Yann V]]. Princess [[Isabella of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany|Isabella of Scotland]], who had been part of a contract to marry Jean V, arranges to marry Francis I
* [[August 30]] &ndash; [[Louis IV, Elector Palatine]], agrees to serve as the judge in resolving a dispute between [[Henry II, Count of Nassau-Siegen]] and the Archbishop [[:de:Jakob I. von Sierck|Jakob von Sierck]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1442-08-30_1_0_13_5_0_10668_44 |title=RI XIII H. 5 n. 44 |website=Regesta Imperii Online |publisher=Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur |location=[[Mainz]] |language=de |access-date=29 December 2022 }}</ref>
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[John Hunyadi]] defeats another army of the [[Ottoman Empire]] (70,000 strong), led by [[Hadım Şehabeddin]], [[Beylerbey]] (or governor) of [[Rumelia Eyalet|Rumelia]], near the [[Ialomița River]].<ref>Camil Muresanu, ''John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom'' (Histria Books, 2018) p.88</ref> Following this, he places [[Basarab II]] as ruler of [[Wallachia]].<ref>"Hunyadi's Campaign of 1448 and the Second Battle of Kosoovo Polje (October 17–20), by Emanuel Constantin Antoche, in ''Reconfiguring the Fifteenth-Century Crusade'', ed. by Norman Housley (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017) p.262</ref>
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Lê Nhân Tông]] becomes the new Emperor of Vietnam upon the death of his father, [[Lê Thái Tông]].<ref>Bruce M. Lockhart and William J. Duiker ''The A to Z of Vietnam'' (Rowman and Littlefield, 2010) p.209</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 18]] &ndash; The [[University of Ferrara]] is reopened in Italy, after having been closed for 48 years.<ref>Paul F. Grendler, ''The Universities of the Italian Renaissance'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002) p.101</ref>
* [[November 18]] &ndash; A few days before his 15th birthday, [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming]] assumes full control of the Empire of China, two days before the death of his grandmother and regent [[Empress Zhang (Hongxi)|Empress Dowager Chengxiaozhao]].<ref name=Twitchett/>
* [[December 13]] &ndash; King [[Wladyslaw III of Poland]], who had been elected as King of Hungary in 1440, and [[Elisabeth of Luxembourg]], widow of King Albert of Hungary and mother of [[Ladislaus the Posthumous]], whom she arranged to be crowned king, reach an agreement in the Hungaryian city of [[Győr]], brokered by Cardinal [[Julian Cesarini]].<ref>{{citation | last = Christianson | first = Gerald | title = Cesarini, the conciliar cardinal: the Basel years, 1431–1438 | place = S[ank]t Ottilien | publisher = EOS-Verlag | year = 1979 | ISBN = 978-3-88096-074-9}}</ref> Elizabeth dies at the age of 33, six days after the meeting, leading to rumors that she had been poisoned by King Wladyslaw.
* [[December 18]] &ndash; In Italy [[Tomaso di Campofregoso]], [[Doge of Genoa|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Genoa]], is removed from office by a group of armed men, led by [[Raffaele Adorno]] and  Giovanni Antonio Fieschi, who invade the Ducal Palace and force him to leave.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Sergio |last1=Buonadonna |first2=Mario|last2=Mercenaro |title=Rosso doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797 (Red Doges: The Doges of the Republic of Genoa from 1339 to 1797 |year=2007 |publisher=De Ferrari Editori |location=Genoa}}</ref>
* [[December 19]] &ndash; [[Pope Eugene IV]] issues the [[papal bull]] ''[[Illius qui se pro divini]]'' granting full remission of sins to any Christian who had participated in the Crusades by Prince Henry the Navigator against the [[Saracens]].<ref>''Monumenta Henricina'', VII (Coimbra 1964), no. 228, pp. 336–337. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WDNOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA21 Bullarium patronatus Portugalliae regum in ecclesiis Africae, Asiae atque Oceaniae]: bullas, brevia, epistolas, decreta actaque Sanctae Sedis ab Alexandro III ad hoc usque tempus amplectens'', Volume 1 (Olisponae: Ex Typographia nationali, 1868), p. 21.</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The community of [[Rauma, Finland]] is granted its town rights.
* The municipality of [[Juva]], [[Finland]] is founded.
* The national law of ''[[Kristofers landslag]]'' is introduced in Sweden. 
* After being imprisoned (before September) by the Sultan, [[Vlad II Dracul]] is temporarily replaced, as ruler of [[Wallachia]], by his son [[Mircea II of Wallachia|Mircea II]].
* A fourth tower is added to [[Liverpool Castle]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* [[Jelena Balšić]] completes writing the ''[[Gorički zbornik]]'' manuscripts at her church of St. Mary, on the island of [[Beška (Island)|Beška]] in the [[Serbian Despotate]].
*[[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] sailors first arrive at the [[Senegal River]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=A fistful of shells : West Africa from the rise of the slave trade to the age of revolution|last=Green, Toby |date=March 21, 2019 |isbn=9780226644578 |location=Chicago |oclc=1051687994}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Henry IV of Neuhaus]], High Treasurer of Bohemia (1485–1503), Burgrave of Prague Castle (1503–1507) (d. [[1507]])
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[John Paston (died 1479)|John Paston]], English noble (d. [[1479]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |last=Castor |first=Helen |year=2004a |title=Paston, Sir John (II) (1442–1479) |id=21512}}</ref>
* [[April 28]] &ndash; King [[Edward IV of England]], King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 to 3 October 1480 (d. [[1483]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Penn |first1=Thomas |title=The Brothers York |year=2019 |publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=978-1846146909 | page=8 }}</ref>
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado]] of Japan (d. [[1500]])
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Boček IV of Poděbrady]], Bohemian nobleman, eldest son of King George of Podebrady (d. [[1496]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford]] (d. [[1513]])
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk]] (d. [[1492]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Ahmad Zarruq]], Moroccan scholar and Sufi sheikh (d. [[1493]])
** [[Tamás Bakócz]], Hungarian archbishop (d. [[1521]])
** [[Vannozza dei Cattanei]], mistress of [[Pope Alexander VI]]

== Deaths ==
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[John VI, Duke of Brittany]] (b. [[1389]])
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Robert de Morley, 6th Baron Morley]], Lord of Morley Saint Botolph (b. [[1418]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[John, Lord of Reguengos de Monsaraz|Infante João of Portugal]] (b. [[1400]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Yolande of Aragon]], politically active French noblewoman (b. [[1384]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Pierre Cauchon]], French Catholic bishop (b. [[1371]])
* [[December 19]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth of Luxembourg]] (b. [[1409]])
* ''date unknown'' 
** [[Al-Maqrizi]], Egyptian Arab historian
** [[Ahmed Shah of Gujarat|Ahmed Shah]], Sultan of Gujarat
** [[Nguyễn Trãi]], Vietnamese Confucian scholar.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1442}}
[[Category:1442| ]]