Editing 1435

{{About year|1435}}
{{for|the railway gauge distance|Standard gauge}}
{{Year nav|1435}}
[[File:V. Corso - Battle of Ponza.png|250px|thumb|[[August 5]]: Spain's King [[Alfonso V of Aragon]] is taken prisoner by the Navy of Milan after surrendering at the Battle of Ponza.]] 
{{multiple image| direction = horizontal| perrow= 2/2| total_width= 300| image1= 明宣宗画像.jpg| width1= | height1=| image2= Zhu-Zhanji-Gibbons-at-Play.jpg| width2= | height2= | footer_align= left| footer= [[January 31]]: China's Xuande Emperor, Xuanzong, the only Ming emperor "who displayed genuine artistic talent" dies after a nine-year reign.}}
{{C15 year in topic}}

Year '''1435''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1435th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and [[Anno Domini]] (AD) designations, the 435th year of the [[2nd millennium]], the 35th year of the [[15th century]], and the 6th year of the [[1430s]] decade.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Sweden]]'s first [[Riksdag of the Estates]] is summoned under rebel leader [[Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson]], who is elected ''rikshövitsman'' (military commander of the realm), in the absence of a king, on [[January 13]].
* [[January 13]] &ndash; ''[[Sicut Dudum]]'', a [[papal bull]] forbidding the enslavement of the [[Guanches|Guanche]] natives in Canary Islands by the Spanish, is promulgated by [[Pope Eugene IV]].
* [[January 31]] &ndash; China's Emperor [[Xuande Emperor|Xuanzong]] dies after a nine-year reign, leaving a question of whether his younger brother Zhu Zhanshan, or his 7-year-old son, Crown Prince Zhu Qizhen, should be the successor.<ref name=Chan>{{Cite book |last=Chan |first=Hok-lam |author-link=Chan Hok-lam |title=The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1988 |isbn=0-521-24332-7 |editor-last=Mote |editor-first=Frederick W. |editor-link=Frederick W. Mote |location=Cambridge |chapter=The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns |editor-last2=Twitchett |editor-first2=Denis C |editor-link2=Denis Twitchett |page=303}}</ref>
* [[February 2]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Naples]] passes to  [[René of Anjou]].
* [[February 7]] &ndash; Prince Zhu Qizhen is formally enthroned as the [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming|Emperor Yingzong]] of Ming dynasty China at the age of 8, although his grandmother, the [[Empress Zhang (Hongxi)|Empress Chengxiaozhao]], effectively rules the Empire in his name.<ref name=Chan/> 
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Jingtai Emperor|Prince Zhu Qiyu]], who will become the Emperor of China in 1449, is appointed as the Prince of Cheng in the name of the [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming]].
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Stjepan Vukčić Kosača]] becomes the new [[List of grand dukes of Bosnia|Grand Duke of Bosnia]] upon the death of his uncle, [[Sandalj Hranić]].<ref>{{citation|title=Hranić|last=Kurtović|first=Esad|author-link=Esad Kurtović|publisher=Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography|url=https://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=244#SandaljHranic|year=2009b|language=sh}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 13]] &ndash; In Germany, [[Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg]] becomes the direct administrator of the Duchy of [[Pomerania-Stettin]] upon the death of [[Casimir V, Duke of Pomerania|Casmir V]], and acts as regent for Casimir's 8-year-old son, [[Joachim, Duke of Pomerania|Joachim of Griffin]]. 
* [[May 8]] &ndash; The German city of [[Speyer]] sets a six-month deadline for [[History of the Jews in Speyer|its Jewish community]] to leave, as the council passes a decree declaring that "The council is compelled to banish the Jews, but it has no designs upon their lives or their property. It only revokes their rights of citizenship and of settlement. Until November 11 they are at liberty to go whither they please with all their property, and in the meantime they may make final disposition of their business affairs."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?search=Speyer&dosearch.x=8&dosearch.y=10&dosearch=Search|title=Jewish History|work=jewishhistory.org.il|access-date=2009-10-08|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624085300/https://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?search=Speyer&dosearch.x=8&dosearch.y=10&dosearch=Search}}</ref>
* [[May 9]] &ndash; The French Army, led by [[Jean Poton de Xaintrailles]] and [[La Hire|Étienne de Vignolles]] ("La Hire") wins the [[Battle of Gerberoy]], despite being outnumbered 3 to 1 by the English Army under  [[John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel|John FitzAlan]]. the French lose no more than 30 soldiers while the English lose over 1,000, including FitzAlan, who is fatally wounded  and died on June 12.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Pinon |date=1950 |first=René |title=La Bataille de Gerberoy |lang=fr |magazine=Miroir de l'Histoire |issn=0544-3938 |author-link=:fr:René Pinon }}</ref> 
* [[June 1]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Paris (1435–1436)|Siege of Paris]] begins as the French royalists of King Charles VII attempt to retake control of the French capital, defended by the supporters of England's King Henry VI.<ref name=Barker>{{cite book |last=Barker |date=2012 |first=Juliet |title=Conquest: The English Kingdom of France 1417–1450 |page=219 |url=http://1.droppdf.com/files/Pv5an/juliet-barker-conquest-the-english-kingdom-of-france-1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140335/http://1.droppdf.com/files/Pv5an/juliet-barker-conquest-the-english-kingdom-of-france-1.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |author-link=Juliet Barker}}</ref> The siege lasts for 10 months but Paris is surrendered to the royalists on April 17.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 5]] &ndash; The regency for King Henry VI summons the members of the English Parliament, directing them to assemble at Westminster on October 10.<ref name=Tomlins/>
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[:de:Frieden von Vordingborg (1435)|Peace of Vordingborg]] is signed, ending the [[Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–1435)|war between]] the [[Hanseatic League]] of German cities ([[Hamburg]], [[Lübeck]], [[Lüneburg]], [[Rostock]], [[Stralsund]] and [[Wismar]]) and the Scandinavian [[Kalmar Union]] of Denmark and Sweden. [[Erik of Pomerania|King Eric VII of Denmark]] and [[Adolph VIII, Count of Holstein]] sign, along with Hein Hoyer, representing the League, at Vordingborg Castle. Denmark cedes the Duchy of Schleswig to Holstein and agrees to stop interfering with the League, to end ten years of war.<ref>[[Philippe Dollinger]], ''Die Hanse'' (The Hanse), vol. 5 (Stuttgart: Kröner 1998), p.371, {{ISBN|3-520-37105-7}}</ref> 
* [[August 4]] &ndash; The [[:ro:Bătălia de la Podraga|Battle of Podraga]] is fought to a draw between the two claimants to the throne of Moldavia, [[Iliaș of Moldavia|Iliaș]] and [[Stephen II of Moldavia|Stephen II]], sons of the late voivode [[Alexander the Good]], begin joint rule of [[Moldavia]] after intervention by the King of Poland.<ref>Grigore Ureche, ''Letopisețul țărâi Moldovei, de când s-au descălecat țara și de cursul anilor și de viiața domnilor carea scrie de la Dragoș vodă până la Aron vodă'' (The Chronicle of the Moldavian Country, from the time the country was dismounted and the course of the years and the lives of the lords who wrote from Dragoș vodă to Aron vodă) (Bucharest: Literatura romana, 1852) {{ISBN|978-606-695-071-8}}</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Ponza (1435)|Battle of Ponza]], the navy of the [[Duchy of Milan]] decisively defeats King [[Alfonso V of Aragon]] who is captured.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Emmerson |first1=Richard K. |title=Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77519-2 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhyOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA23|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 1]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Wiłkomierz]], [[List of Lithuanian monarchs|Grand Duke]] [[Sigismund Kęstutaitis]] decisively defeats defeats his predecessor, [[Švitrigaila]], in the decisive battle of the civil war in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kiaupa |first1=Zigmantas |first2=Jūratė |last2=Kiaupienė |first3=Albinas |last3=Kuncevičius |title=The History of Lithuania Before 1795 |year=2000 |publisher=Lithuanian Institute of History |location=Vilnius |isbn=9986-810-13-2 |page=210}}</ref> 
* [[September 21]] &ndash; The [[Congress of Arras|Treaty of Arras]] between [[Charles VII of France]] and [[Philip III of Burgundy]] ends the English-Burgundian alliance.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 10]] &ndash; As the English Parliament opens, the English House of Commons elects [[John Tyrrell (died 1437)|John Tyrrell]] as its speaker.<ref name=Tomlins/>
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Eric of Pomerania]] is reinstated as king of Sweden, only briefly, however, he is once again deposed in January of the following year.
* [[November 16]] &ndash; The French port of [[Dieppe]], occupied by the English Army since its capture in [[1420]], is retaken by French royalists led by Charles Desmarais and Pierre de Rieux.<ref>Jonathan Sumption, ''The Hundred Years War: Volume 5, Triumph and Illusion'' (Faber & Faber, 2023) {{ISBN|978-0-571-27458-1}}</ref>
* [[December 4]] &ndash; The [[Terra Mariana#Livonian Confederation|Livonian Confederation]], with a capital at [[Walk, Livonia|Valka]] (now on the border of [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]]) is formed by an agreement signed at Valka by the [[Archbishopric of Riga|Archbishop of Riga]]; [[Bishopric of Courland|Courland]]; the [[Bishopric of Dorpat|Dorpat]]; the [[Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek|Ösel–Wiek]] and bishops of Courland, Dorpat, Ösel-Wiek and [[Bishopric of Reval|Reval]]; the representatives of the [[Livonian Order]] and its vassals; and the deputies of Riga, Reval and Dorpat city municipal councils.<ref>{{cite book |title=Vana-Liivimaa maapäev (The Days of Old Livonia) |last=Raudkivi |first=Priit |author1-link=Priit Raudkivi (historian) |year=2007 |publisher=Argo |isbn=978-9949-415-84-7 |pages=118–119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4QxtGQAACAAJ }}</ref>
* [[December 23]] &ndash; As the English Parliament closes, King Henry VI's regents give [[royal assent]] to new legislation, including the [[Safe Conducts Act 1435]], the Wools and Fells Act (directing that wool not be exported from England to any other location except [[Calais]]), and the Alien Goods Act (subtitled "Merchandises taken in Ships of the King's Enemies, though belonging to Foreigners in Amity with the King, shall not be restored")<ref name=Tomlins>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge01raitgoog/page/n360/ |title=The Statutes at Large, of England and of Great Britain: from Magna Carta to the Union of the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland |last1=Tomlins |first1=Thomas Edlyne |last2=Raithby |first2=John |year=1811 |series= |volume=II |location=London, Great Britain |via=Internet Archive |publisher=George Eyre and Andrew Strahan |oclc=1110419501 |pages=320–326}}</ref>
* [[December 31]] &ndash; The [[Peace of Brześć Kujawski]] is signed by representatives of the [[State of the Teutonic Order]] to make peace with the [[Kingdom of Poland]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] to end the [[Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)|Polish–Teutonic War]], with the Teutonic Order agreeing to end its support of the former Grand Duke Svitrigaila and to not interfere further with Polish and Lithuanian affairs.<ref>{{cite book |title=Lietuvos istorija 11–12 klasėms (Lithuanian History for Grades 11–12) |first=Rūstis |last=Kamuntavičius |author2=Vaida Kamuntavičienė |author3=Remigijus Civinskas |author4=Kastytis Antanaitis |year=2001 |publisher=Vaga |location=Vilnius |isbn=5-415-01502-7 |pages=92|language=lt}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Francis of Paola]] founds the [[Minim (religious order)|Order of the Minims]] in Italy.
* [[Ming dynasty|China]] returns to a policy of isolation.
* [[Gil Eanes]] and [[Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia]] explore the coast of Africa, as far as the ''Angra dos Ruivos'' (in modern-day Western Sahara).
* Enea Piccolomini, the future [[Pope Pius II]], is sent by [[Cardinal Albergati]] on a secret mission to [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] and [[Northern England]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Ashikaga Yoshimasa]], shōgun (d. [[1490]])
* [[February 1]] &ndash; [[Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy]] (d. [[1472]])
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford]], English noble (d. [[1461]])
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Jan II the Mad]], Duke of Żagań (1439–1449 and 1461–1468 and again in 1472) (d. [[1504]])
* [[May 4]] &ndash; [[Joan of France, Duchess of Bourbon]], French princess (d. [[1482]])
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Andrea della Robbia]], Italian artist (d. [[1525]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Yoshida Kanetomo]], Shinto priest (d. [[1511]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=日本書紀神代抄 - 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション |url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1219576 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=dl.ndl.go.jp |language=ja}}</ref>
** [[Jean Molinet]], French poet and chronicler (d. [[1507]])
** [[Kim Si-sŭp]], Korean scholar and author (d. [[1493]])
** [[Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Pomerania]] (d. [[1497]]) 
** [[Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby]] (d. [[1504]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Desmond Seward|title=Richard III: England's Black Legend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXRnAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Country Life Books|isbn=978-0-600-36850-2|page=75}}</ref>
* ''probable''
** [[Johannes Tinctoris]], Flemish music theorist and composer (approximate date; d. [[1511]])
** [[Andrea del Verrocchio]], Florentine sculptor (approximate date; d. [[1488]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Xuande Emperor]] of China (b. [[1399]])
* [[February 2]] &ndash; Queen [[Joanna II of Naples]] (b. [[1371]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Joan II {{!}} queen of Naples |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joan-II |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=10 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Spytek z Tarnowa i Jarosławia]], Polish nobleman
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel]], English military leader (b. [[1408]])
* [[September 9]] &ndash; Sir [[Robert Harling (knight)|Robert Harling]], English knight under the Duke of Bedford
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford]], regent of England (b. [[1389]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjme027UeagC&pg=RA1-PA357|publisher=Douglas Richardson|isbn=978-1-4610-4513-7|page=1}}</ref>
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Isabeau of Bavaria]], queen of [[Charles VI of France]]
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Savvatiy]], Russian monastery founder
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Paweł Włodkowic]], Polish scholar (b. [[1370]])
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Hermann II of Celje]], Ban of Croatia
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Bonne of Berry]], Regent of Savoy (b. [[1362]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Abd al-Qadir Maraghi]], musician and artist

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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