Editing 1425

{{About year|1425}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Year nav|1425}}
[[File:Ming Xuanzong.jpg|200px|thumb|[[June 27]]: Zhu Zhanji is enthroned as the new [[Emperor of China]], [[Xuande Emperor|Xuande]].]]
[[File:Palaio.jpg|200px|thumb|[[July 21]]: [[John VIII Palaiologos|John VIII]] becomes the new Byzantine Emperor.]] 

{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1425''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January &ndash; March ===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; The internment of Ming dynasty China's [[Yongle Emperor]], who died on August 12, takes place at the Chang Mausoleum in [[Beijing]]'s [[Ming tombs]].  
* [[January 13]] &ndash; The [[Venetian Republic]]'s Great Council authorizes spending to equip 25 [[galley]]s for use as warships.<ref>{{Setton-A History of the Crusades |volume=6 |last=Inalcik |first=Halil |authorlink=Halil Inalcik |chapter=The Ottoman Turks and the Crusades, 1451–1522 |page=23 |year=1978 |chapter-url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=article&did=History.CrusSix.i0020&id=History.CrusSix }}</ref> 
* [[January 19]] &ndash; The Yongle Era ends in China and the Hongxi era begins.
* [[February 12]] &ndash; Discrimination against the [[Caquins of Brittany]] is increased as the Duke of Brittany, [[John V, Duke of Brittany|Jean V]], forbids the Caquins from engaging in trade.<ref>{{cite book |language=fr |author-link=Gustave Geffroy |first=Gustave |last=Geffroy |title=La Bretagne |trans-title=Brittany |publisher=Hachette |date=1905 |page=174}}</ref>
* [[February 24]] &ndash; King [[Henry VI of England]] summons the English Parliament, ordering the members to assemble on April 30 at Westminster.
* [[February 27]] &ndash; At the age of 10, [[Vasily II of Moscow|Vasily II]] becomes the new [[Prince of Moscow|Grand Prince]] of [[Grand Principality of Moscow|Moscow]] upon the death of his father, [[Vasily I of Moscow]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Auty |first1=Robert |last2=Obolensky |first2=Dimitri |title=Companion to Russian Studies: Volume 1: An Introduction to Russian History |date=1976 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-28038-9 |page=95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D0iVBLGd9xEC |language=en}}</ref> Vasily II's mother, [[Sophia of Lithuania]], serves as his regent.
* [[March 12]] &ndash; King James I of Scotland opens a brief session of the [[Scottish Parliament]], which opens at [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] and ends after only five days.

=== April &ndash;June ===
* [[April 30]] &ndash; The Third English Parliament of King Henry VI opens at Westminster for a session of almost three months. [[Thomas Walton]] is elected as [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]]. 
* [[May 29]] &ndash; China's [[Hongxi Emperor]] dies after a reign of only nine months.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chan |first=Hok-lam |author-link=Chan Hok-lam |title=The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1988 |page=283 |isbn=0521243327 |editor-last=Mote |editor-first=Frederick W. |editor-link=Frederick W. Mote |location=Cambridge |chapter=The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns |editor-last2=Twitchett |editor-first2=Denis C |editor-link2=Denis Twitchett}}Chan (1988), p. 283.</ref> He is succeeded by his son, Prince Zhu Zhanji, who becomes the [[Xuande Emperor]].
* [[June 27]] &ndash; Zhu Zhanji is formally enthroned as the [[Ming dynasty]] [[Emperor of China]] as the [[Xuande Emperor]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dreyer |first=Edward L |title=Zheng He : China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405-1433 |publisher=Pearson Longman |year=2007 |page=226 |isbn=978-0321084439 |edition=Library of World Biography Series |location=New York}}
Dreyer (1982), p. 226</ref>

=== July &ndash;September ===
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The English Parliament closes as King Henry VI gives [[royal assent]] to the [[Labourers Act 1425]], the [[River Lee Navigation Act 1425]] and laws requiring a royal license for exportation of sheep and for exportation of butter and cheese.
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[John VIII Palaiologos]] becomes the Emperor of Byzantium (now the site of the Republic of Turkey) upon the death of the Emperor [[Manuel II Palaiologos]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Norwich |first=John Julius |author-link=John Julius Norwich |title=Byzantium: The Decline and Fall |publisher=Viking |location=London |year=1995 |page=387 |isbn=978-0-670-82377-2}}</ref><ref>Siren Çelik, ''Manuel II Palaiologos (1350-1425): A Byzantine Emperor in a Time of Tumult'' (Cambridge University Press, 2021) p.578</ref>
* [[July 21]] &ndash; The [[Great Council of Venice]] agrees to accept many of the demands by the residents of occupied Thessalonia and requests Venetian administrators to respect the customs and rights of the citizens and to work together with the Thessalonian local council of 12 nobles in the governance of the city.<ref>{{cite book |last = Mertzios |first = Konstantinos |title = Μνημεία Μακεδονικής Ιστορίας |trans-title=Monuments of Macedonian History | language = el | location = Thessaloniki |publisher = Society for Macedonian Studies |edition = Second |year = 2007 |orig-year = 1949 |page=46-61|isbn = 978-960-7265-78-4 |url = http://media.ems.gr/ekdoseis/makedoniki_bibliothiki/ekd_makb_mertzios_7.pdf }}</ref>
* [[August 1]] &ndash; In Germany, [[Frederick I, Elector of Saxony|Frederick of Wettin]] is enfoeffed by [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund, King of the Germans]] at [[Ofen]] as the new [[Electorate of Saxony|Elector of Saxony]]  
* [[August]] &ndash; ([[Tawthalin]] 787 ME); King [[Thihathu of Ava]], the Burmese monarch in what is now [[Myanmar]], is ambushed at [[Amarapura]] after being guided into a trap by one of his wives, Queen [[Shin Bo-Me]].<ref>Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 59</ref> His 8-year-old nephew, [[Min Hla of Ava|Min Hla]], becomes the new King while Shin Bo-Me seeks a way to take the throne for herself.
* [[September 8]] &ndash; In Spain, [[Charles III of Navarre|King Carlos III]] of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] dies after a reign of 38 years. His daughter, [[Blanche I of Navarre|Princess Bianca]], becomes the Queen of Navarre and her husband, [[John II of Aragon|King John II]] of Aragon becomes her co-ruler.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Queens Regnant of Navarre: Succession, Politics, and Partnership, 1274-1512 |first=Elena |last=Woodacre |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2013 |page=96 }}</ref>

=== October &ndash;December ===
* [[October 7]] &ndash; King Charles VII of France and John V, the English Duke of Brittany, sign the Treaty of [[Saumur]] to settle the war between the kingdom and the duchy.<ref>"Arthur III (1393–1458)", by Hugh Chisholm 1911, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 11th ed., Volume II, p. 683</ref>
* [[October 17]] &ndash; (4 [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] [[Islamic calendar|828 AH]]) [[Hasan ibn Ajlan]] becomes the [[Emir of Mecca]] for the third and last time, after having been replaced for 18 months by [[Ali ibn Inan]].
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Kale Kye-Taung Nyo]] becomes [[List of Burmese monarchs|King of Ava]] by having his lover, Queen [[Shin Bo-Me]], assassinate his 8-year-old nephew, King [[Min Hla of Ava|Min Hla]].
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The [[Old University of Leuven]], [[Belgium]] is founded.

===Date unknown===
* The [[Maltese people]] rise up against Don Gonsalvo Monroy, count of Malta. The insurgents repel an attempt by the Viceroy of [[Sicily]] to bring the island to order. The Maltese do not submit to [[Crown of Aragon|Catalan-Aragonese]] rule, until the Magna Charta Libertatis, granting them their new rights, is delivered to them.
* [[Beijing]], capital of [[Ming dynasty|China]], becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from [[Nanjing]] (estimated date).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|title=Geography|work=about.com|access-date=February 27, 2006|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* By this year, [[Banknote|paper currency]] in China is worth only 0.025% to 0.014% of its original value in the 14th century; this, and the counterfeiting of [[copper]] coin currency, will lead to a dramatic shift to using [[silver]] as the common [[medium of exchange]] in China.
* Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi's critical history of [[Persia]], ''Zafar Nama'', is completed under the auspices of Mirza Ibrahim Sultan, grandson of [[Timur]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Henry IV of Castile]] (d. [[1474]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Henry Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick]], English nobleman (d. [[1446]])
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Bianca Maria Visconti]], Duchess of Milan (d. [[1468]])
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[William III, Landgrave of Thuringia]] (1445–1482) and Duke of Luxembourg (1457–1482) (d. [[1482]])
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Alesso Baldovinetti]], Italian painter (d. [[1499]])
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Kunigunde of Sternberg]], first spouse of King George of Podebrady (d. [[1449]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Edmund Sutton]], English nobleman (d. [[1483]])
** [[Krokodeilos Kladas]], Greek military leader (d. [[1490]]) 
** [[Xicotencatl I]], ruler of [[Tizatlan]] (in modern-day [[Mexico]]) (d. [[1522]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March]], English politician (b. [[1391]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; Prince [[Vasily I of Moscow]] (b. [[1371]])
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Ashikaga Yoshikazu]], Japanese shōgun (b. [[1407]])
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany]], Scottish politician (b. [[1362]])
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Hongxi Emperor]] of China (b. [[1378]])
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan]], English noble (b. [[1366]])
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Manuel II Palaiologos]], [[Byzantine Emperor]] (b. [[1350]])
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Eleanor, Princess of Asturias]] (b. [[1423]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; King [[Charles III of Navarre]] (b. [[1361]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Madhava of Sangamagrama]], Indian mathematician (b. [[1350]])
** [[Margareta (missionary)|Margareta]], Swedish Sami missionary (b. [[1369]]) 
** [[Yi Chongmu]], Korean general (b. [[1360]])
** [[Parameshvara]], Indian mathematician (b. [[1360]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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