Editing 1422

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1422}}
{{Year nav|1422}}
{{multiple image
|image1 =King Henry V from NPG.jpg|width1=140|caption1= [[August 31]]: King Henry V of England dies.
|image2 =Charles VI de France - Dialogues de Pierre Salmon - Bib de Genève MsFr165f4.jpg|width2=158|caption2=[[October 21]]: King Charles VI of France dies.
}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1422''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXXII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Hussite Wars]] &ndash; [[Battle of Německý Brod]]: The Hussites defeat an army of Royalist Crusaders.<ref>"January 1422: The Hussites led by Jan Žižka defeat the Second Crusade at Německý Brod". Czech Radio. 9 January 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2025.</ref>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Charlotte of Bourbon, Queen of Cyprus]], consort and wife of [[Janus, King of Cyprus|King Janus]] since 1411, dies after contracting [[pneumonic plague]] as an epidemic spreads across the island kingdom.<ref>Andrée Giselle Simard, ''The Manuscript Torino J.II.9: A Late Medieval Perspective on Musical Life and Culture at the Court of the Lusignan Kings at Nicosia'', pp.35-36, December 2005, retrieved on 15 June 2009</ref>
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Friso-Hollandic Wars]]: The Hollandic fortress of [[Lemmer]] is captured by the [[Frisian people|Frisian]] [[Vetkopers and Schieringers|Skieringer]] rebels. Lemmer's commander, Floris of Alkemade, is taken prisoner and executed.<ref name=Janse>Antheun Janse, ''Grenzen aan de Macht – De Friese oorlog van de graven van Holland omstreeks 1400'', Den Haag ([[The Hague]]), 1993, {{ISBN|90-72627-11-3}}</ref> The result prompts both sides to enter into a settlement. 
* [[February 1]]&ndash; The Peace of Groningen is signed in the Dutch city of the same name with 94 chieftains of rebels and Allies agreeing to preserve [[Frisian freedom|the Frisian right to self-government]] as well as barring foreign lords from Frisian land and bringing and end to the [[Great Frisian War]] after nine years.<ref name=Janse/>
* [[March 9]]&ndash; In [[Prague]], the Hussite priest [[Jan Želivský]] is arrested when he appears at the city hall. Already known for overseeing the killing of Catholic civilians and the pillaging of Catholic towns outside of Prague, is blamed for the Czech Bohemian loss at the August 5 [[Battle of Brüx]]. He is sentenced to death and beheaded on the same day.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lutlow|first1=The Count|title=Hussite Wars|date=1912|publisher=E.P. Dutton & Co.|location=New York|page=10}}</ref>
* [[March 11]]&ndash; On [[Okinawa Island]], now part of [[Japan]], King [[Shō Hashi]] of [[Chūzan]] begins a war against the two other kingdoms on the island, [[Hokuzan]] and [[Nanzan]] and begins the unification of Okinawa.<ref>Haneji Chōshū, comp. ''Chūzan Seikan'' (1650), 31.</ref>
* [[March 21]]&ndash; [[Hundred Years' War]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Meaux]] ends in France after more than five months as the starving citizens of the walled city of [[Meaux]] open the city gates and surrender to the English forces led by [[Henry V of England|King Henry V]]. The city had been under siege since October 6. The city's defending troops flee across a bridge to their last line of defense ,the fortress known as ''Le Marché''.<ref name="Jones">{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Jones (writer) |date=2024 |title=Henry V: The Astonishing Rise of England's Greatest Warrior King |location=London |publisher=Head of Zeus |pages=378-383 |isbn=978-1-80-454193-7}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 1]]&ndash; [[Barsbay|Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy]] leads a coup d'etat against the Egyptian [[List of Mamluk sultans|Sultan]] [[Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad]] and begins a 16-year reign as the new Sultan.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Ibn Taghribirdi]] |title=Al-Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulūk Miṣr wa-al-Qāhirah |volume=14 |publisher=Egyptian Dar al-Kutub Press in Cairo|pages=232-233 |language=ar |date=1929 }}</ref>
* [[May 10]]&ndash; The last French defenders of the siege of Meaux surrender their fortress at ''Le Marche'' when the starving members of the garrison threaten to rebel.<ref name="Jones"/> 
* [[June 10]]&ndash;September &ndash; The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] sultan [[Murad II]] [[Siege of Constantinople (1422)|besieges]] [[Constantinople]]; the siege is broken off as a result of the rebellion of [[Küçük Mustafa]].<ref> Stephen Turnbull, The Walls of Constantinople, AD 324–1453. Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-759-X.</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 11]] &ndash; In Italy, a group of about 100 [[Romani people]], described as "Gypsies" arrive in [[Bologna]] with a stated intention of traveling to Rome to meet the Pope. Their leader, calling himself "Duke Andrea", shows to local officials a decree allegedly signed by the King of Hungary that is said to grant them the right to commit robberies "without penalty or penance" wherever they travel, as a reward for 4,000 gypsies being re-baptized into the Christian faith.<ref>"Judicial Autonomy among Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century Gypsies", by Angus Fraser, in ''Gypsy Law: Romani Legal Traditions and Culture'', ed. by Walter O. Weyrauch (University of California Press, 2001) p.140</ref><ref>George Smith, ''Gipsy Life: Being an Account of Our Gipsies and Their Children, with Suggestions for Their Improvement'' (Good Press, 2019)</ref>
* [[August 22]] &ndash; Use of the [[Spanish era]] dating system (which begins counting from [[38 BC]] rather than from [[1 AD]], and thus refers to the year 1422 as "1460") ends as the [[Kingdom of Portugal]], last on the Iberian peninsula to continue the style of dating, goes to Anno Domini dates.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Uta C. |last=Merzbach |title=Calendars and Reckoning of Time |page=18 |encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of the Middle Ages]] |author-link=Uta Merzbach |volume=3 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |editor-first=Joseph R. |editor-last=Strayer |editor-link=Joseph R. Strayer |year=1983}}</ref>
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] becomes [[King of England]], at the age of nine months, upon the death of his father, King Henry V.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Szarmach |first1=Paul E. |last2=Tavormina |first2=M. Teresa |last3=Rosenthal |first3=Joel T. |title=Routledge Revivals: Medieval England (1998): An Encyclopedia |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781351666374 |page=348 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkQrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA348|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 27]] &ndash; The [[Teutonic Knights]] sign the [[Treaty of Melno]] with the [[History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty|Kingdom of Poland]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], after the brief [[Gollub War]].<ref>Turnbull, Stephen (2003). Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights. Oxford: Osprey. pp. 83–84. ISBN 1-84176-561-9.</ref> The Prussian–Lithuanian border established by the treaty remains unchanged, until [[World War I]].<ref>Rašimaitė, Eglė (2010-03-24). "Siena: šimtmečių vingiai". Kelias (in Lithuanian): 60–64. ISSN 1648-7818.</ref>
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The [[John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford|Duke of Bedford]] Regent for King [[Henry VI of England]], summons the members of [[English Parliament|Parliament]]  to assemble at [[Westminster]] on November 9.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 21]] &ndash; King [[Charles VI of France]] passes away at the age of 53 after years of mental illness, and rival groups fight over who his successor will be. In [[Paris]], [[Henry VI of England]], the 10-month old son of the late French regent, England's King Henry V, and grandson of King Charles VI, is proclaimed King Henri II of France. In [[Bourges]], the [[Dauphin of France|Dauphin Charles]], eldest son of King Charles VI, is proclaimed as [[Charles VII of France|King Charles VII]].<ref>William W. Kibler; Grover A. Zinn (1995). Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-8240-4444-2.</ref>
* [[November 7]] &ndash; After being returned to England from France, and then being taken on a two-day journey from Southwark to Temple Bar and thence to London, the body of the late King Henry V is buried at Westminster Abbey.<ref>{{cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |title=Britain's Royal Family |year=2008 |isbn=9780099539735 |page=130 |publisher=Vintage |author-link=Alison Weir}}</ref> 
* [[November 9]] &ndash; At the opening of the English Parliament, the House of Commons elects [[Roger Flower]] as its speaker.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The [[Regency government, 1422–1437|Regency Council]] of the infant King Henry VI of England assembles for the first time with 18 nobles, led by [[John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford]], the uncle of the King and the brother of the late King Henry V. Because the Duke of Bedford serves primarily in France to command English forces there in the ongoing war, another uncle, [[Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester]], leads the regency most of the time during the King's minority.<ref>{{cite book |last=Griffiths |date=1981 |first=R.A. |title=The Reign of King Henry VI |publisher=Ernest Benn |place=London |page=23 |isbn=978-0-510-26261-7 |url={{googlebooks|frWDmbf_mXEC|plainurl=yes}} |authorlink=Ralph A. Griffiths }}</ref>
* [[December 18]] &ndash; 
**King [[Charles VII of France]] marries [[Marie of Anjou]] in a ceremony at [[Bourges]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Private Life of Edward IV |first=John |last=Ashdown-Hill |publisher=Amberley Publishing |year=2016 |page=xxiv}}</ref>
**As the English Parliament closes, the regents for King Henry VI give royal assent to new legislation that has been passed during the 39-day session, including the Irishmen Act setting requirements for "What sort of Irishmen only may come to dwell in England"; the [[Purveyance]] Act 1422 ("All the statutes of purveyors shall be proclaimed in every county four times in the year") relating to the royal household's purchase of provisions at a regulated price and the requistioning of horses and vehicles for royal use; and for "A certain allowance made to those which were retained to serve King Henry V. in his wars")

=== Undated ===
* [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] forces overrun the last domains of [[Constantine II of Bulgaria]], who dies in exile at the Serbian court, ending the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]].<ref> The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1994, ISBN 0472082604, pp. 423-425.</ref>
* On the [[Italian Peninsula]], [[Venice]] has a population of 84,000, of which 200 men rule the city, while [[Florence]] has a population of 40,000, of which 600 men rule the city.
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== Births ==
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1479]])
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Federico da Montefeltro]], Duke of Urbino (d. [[1482]])
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Catherine, Princess of Asturias]], Spanish royal (d. [[1424]])
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Gaston IV, Count of Foix]], French nobleman from Bearn (d. [[1472]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont]], English baron (d. [[1460]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza]], Timurid ruler in Khurasan (d. [[1457]])
* ''probable'' &ndash; [[William Caxton]], English printer (d. c. [[1491]])
* ''approximate'' &ndash; [[Agnès Sorel]], French courtier, mistress of [[Charles VII of France]] (d. [[1450]])

== Deaths ==
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Jan Želivský]], [[Hussite]] priest (executed) (b. [[1380]]) 
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Michelle of Valois]], French princess and duchess consort of Burgundy (b. [[1395]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; King [[Henry V of England]] (b. [[1386]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; Emperor [[Constantine II of Bulgaria]] (b. after [[1370]])
* [[October 21]] &ndash; King [[Charles VI of France]] (b. [[1368]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles VI {{!}} king of France |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-VI-king-of-France |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=6 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''probable'' &ndash; [[Thomas Walsingham]], English chronicler

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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