Editing 1417

{{About year|1417}}
{{Year nav|1417}}
[[File:15jh castle siege.jpg|200px|thumb|[[August 18]]: The [[Siege of Caen (1417)|Siege of Caen]] begins in France as England invades Normandy.]]
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1417''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 19]] &ndash; After the dismissal of [[Al-Musta'in (Cairo)|Al-Musta'in]] as Caliph of Cairo by the Sultan [[Shaykh al-Mahmudi]] is declared unlawful by Islamic clerics, Shaykh arranges Al-Musta'in and three sons of the late [[Nasir-ad-Din Faraj|Sultan Faraj]] to be transferred away from Cairo to Alexandria.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Holt |first=Peter Malcolm |author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition]] |title=Al-Musta'in (II) |edition=2nd |year=1993 |publisher=E.J. Brill |volume=VII (Mif – Naz) |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-09419-2 |page=723}}</ref>  
* [[January 19]] &ndash; [[Joanna II of Naples|Joanna II]], [[List of Neapolitan monarchs|Queen of Naples]], issues a pardon for [[Giacomo Orsini, Count of Tagliacozzo|Giacomo Orsini]], who had rebelled against her predecessor, King [[Ladislaus of Naples]].
* [[February 15]] &ndash; In Korea, [[Grand Prince Yangnyeong]] of the [[Joseon]] Kingdom and heir to the throne, causes a scandal that ends any possibility of becoming the next King. Yangnyeong courts the wife of another official and attempts to bring here into the royal palace in [[Seoul]], ending in his banishment from the royal household and being replaced on June 3, 1418.<ref>Lee Bae-yong (2008). ''Women in Korean History.'' Seoul: Ewha Womans University Press.  {{ISBN|9788973007721}}</ref>
* [[February 24]] &ndash; An envoy of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, identified in Italian records as "Chamitzi", arrives in the [[Republic of Venice]] to demand the release of Ottoman soldiers who had been taken as prisoners of war during the conflict between Venice and the Ottomans. The release of each nation's prisoners of war is unresolved and hinders peace negotiations.<ref>{{cite journal| first=Antonio |last=Fabris |title=From Adrianople to Constantinople: Venetian–Ottoman diplomatic missions, 1360–1453 |year= 1992 |journal=Mediterranean Historical Review |volume= 7 |issue=2 |pages=154–200 |doi=10.1080/09518969208569639 }}</ref>
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Alexios IV of Trebizond|Alexios IV]] becomes the new [[List of Trapezuntine emperors|Emperor]] of [[Empire of Trebizond|Trebizond]] (located in what is now Turkey along the [[Black Sea]]) upon the death of his father, [[Manuel III of Trebizond|Manuel III]].<ref>George Finlay, ''The History of Greece and the Empire of Trebizond, (1204–1461)'' (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1851), p. 393</ref> 
* [[March 10]] &ndash; In [[Bohemia]], [[Johannes Cardinalis von Bergreichenstein]], rector of the [[Charles University|University of Prague]] issues a proclamation declaring that the theological teachings of the late [[Jan Hus]] are doctrine confirmed for all Christians, leading to eventual condemnation by the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope for [[heresy]].<ref>[[František Michálek Bartoš]],''Das Reformprogramm des Mag. Johannes Cardinalis von Bergreichenstein, des Gesandten der Karls-Universität in Prag, für das Konzil zu Konstanz'' (Göttingen: Hermann Heimpel II, 1972)</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[John, Duke of Touraine|Jean de Touraine]], the [[Dauphin of France]] and heir to the French throne as the eldest living son of King Charles VI, dies suddenly at the age of 18 from a suspected poisoning. Jean's 15-year-old brother, [[Charles VII of France|Charles]], becomes the new Dauphin.<ref>Ernest van Bruyssel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KEEaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA66 ''Histoire du commerce et de la marine en Belgique''], 1863, p. 66</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Charles the Seventh |first=Malcolm |last=Vale |publisher=University of California Press |year=1974 |page=237}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Charles the Seventh |first=Malcolm Graham Allan |last=Vale |publisher=University of California Press  |year=1974 }}</ref>
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg]], is appointed to an additional position as Archchamberlain of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Louis II of Anjou|Louis II]], [[Duke of Anjou]], and former claimant to being King of Naples, dies at the age of 39 and is succeded by his 13-year-old son, [[Louis III of Anjou|Louis III]]. 
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Władysław II Jagiełło]], King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, remarries less than year after the death of his wife [[Anna of Cilli]], taking [[Elizabeth Granowska]] as his third wife in a ceremony at [[Sanok, Poland|Sanok]].<ref name="Duczmal">{{cite book |last=Duczmal |first=Małgorzata |title=Jogailaičiai | location=Vilnius |year=2012 |publisher=[[Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras]]|pages=176–178| isbn=978-5-420-01703-6 | language= Lithuanian |translator=Birutė Mikalonienė |translator2=Vyturys Jarutis }}</ref> Because the Polish nobles do not approve of the marriage, Elizabeth's coronation does not take place for six months. 
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[William II, Duke of Bavaria|William]], [[Duke of Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria-Straubing]] and [[Count of Holland]], dies from an infection after being bitten by a dog.<ref>{{cite book|first=Wim |last = Wim P. Blockmans|title = Das Ringen Bayerns und Burgunds um die Niederlande|publisher = [[Alfons Huber (Philologe)|Alfons Huber]]|year = 2005|ISBN = 3-00-014600-8|pages = 321–345}}</ref> His death causes a conflict between his daughter [[Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut]] and his brother [[John III, Duke of Bavaria|John III]], with Jacqueline receiving Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut, and John becoming the new Duke.  
* [[June 2]] &ndash; King Henry V of England issues an order directing penalties for wearing of an unauthorized [[coat of arms]], directing sheriffs, on the day of mustering of persons for an exhibition, to inquire in such cases "by whose gift he holds those arms or coats of arms, except for those who bore arms with us at the Battle of Aguincourt."<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/English_historical_documents_4_Late_medi/dL12K__XzoAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22June+1417%22+coat+armour&pg=PA1136&printsec=frontcover "Henry V attempts royal control of heraldry, 1417"], in ''English Historical Documents'', ed. by A. R. Myers, et al., (Taylor & Francis, 2013) p.1136</ref> 
* [[June 24]] &ndash; The earliest extant description of [[Tynwald Day]]; the annual meeting of the [[Isle of Man]]'s [[parliament]] ([[Tynwald]]) is written down in law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/ls1819/p001.htm|title=p001-004 Lex Scripta, 1819|website=www.isle-of-man.com}}</ref> Its first recorded use for the promulgation of laws dates to 24 June 1417, when Sir John Stanley presided.
* [[June 29]] &ndash; An English fleet, led by [[John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter|the Earl of Huntingdon]], defeats a fleet of Genoese carracks and captures their admiral, the "Bastard of Bourbon".<ref>{{cite book|author=David Charles Douglas|title=English historical documents. 4. [Late medieval]. 1327 - 1485|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dL12K__XzoAC&pg=PA214|year=1969|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-60467-3|pages=214}}</ref>
* [[June 30]] &ndash; In France, the Baron of [[Trévoux]] reverses a ban against the town's Jewish population, and allows them to study the [[Talmud]] without interference.<ref>Léon Berman, ''Histoire des Juifs de France des origines à nos jours'' (Paris: Librairie Lipschutz, 1937)</ref>
  
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 27]] &ndash; After being the last claimant to the papacy, the [[Antipope Benedict XIII]] is excommunicated and deposed by the [[Council of Constance]], bringing to an end the [[Great Western Schism]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Empire At The End Of Time |first=Frances Courtney |last=Kneupper |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |page=61}}</ref>
* [[July 30]] &ndash; King Henry V of England begins and invasion of France, where he wishes to claim the throne, taking with him 42,000 soldiers on a fleet of 1,500 ships.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Seward |first=Desmond |author-link=Desmond Seward |title=A brief history of the Hundred Years War: the English in France, 1337-1453 |publisher=[[Robinson Publishing|Robinson]] |year=2003 |pages=98–99 |isbn=978-1-84119-678-7 |edition=Rev. |location=London |ref=none}}</ref>
* [[August 12]] &ndash; King [[Henry V of England]] begins using the [[English language]] in correspondence back to [[Kingdom of England|England]] from [[Kingdom of France|France]], where he is leading a campaign, marking the beginning of this king's continuous usage of English in prose, and the beginning of the restoration of English as an official language for the first time since the [[Norman Conquest]], some 350 years earlier.
* [[August 18]] &ndash; King Henry V begins the [[Siege of Caen (1417)|siege of Caen]] with bombardment of the walls using advanced weaponry.<ref>{{cite book |last=Matusiak |first=John |date=2012 |title=Henry V |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9m6zsc61CL8C&pg=PA173 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415620277}}</ref>
* [[September 4]] &ndash; English troops succeed in opening the gates of [[Caen]] and begin a massacre of over 1,800 civilians.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mortimer|first=Ian |date=2009 |title=1415: Henry V's Year of Glory |publisher=The Bodley Head |page=371 |isbn=978-0224079921}}</ref>
* [[September 15]] &ndash; At [[Shamakhi]] (located in what is now the [[Republic of Azerbaijan]]), [[Khalilullah I]] becomes the new [[Shirvanshah]], ruler of the [[Shirvan|Kingdom of Shirvan]], following the death of his father, the [[Ibrahim I of Shirvan|Shirvanshah Ibrahim I]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Minorsky|first=Vladimir|title=A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries|publisher=University of Michigan|year=1958|pages =1–219|isbn=978-1-84511-645-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPMHVEt_wVUC}}</ref>
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Siege of Caen (1417)]]: Guillaume de Montenay surrenders [[Caen]] to English invaders led by King Henry V.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wylie |first=James Hamilton |date=1929 |title=The reign of Henry the Fifth: Volume II |url=https://archive.org/details/reignofhenryfift03wyliuoft/page/n5/mode/2up |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=61 |author-link=James Hamilton Wylie}}</ref> The city remains under English control until [[1450]].c

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; King Henry V of England summons the English Parliament to assemble on November 16.
* [[October 31]] &ndash; On [[Halloween|Hallowtide]], by order of the Lord May [[Henry Barton]], street lighting is first used in [[London]], with lanterns to be hung out on winter evenings, lasting until the night of [[Candlemas]] on February 2.<ref>Roskell, J. S. and Clark, L. and Rawcliffe, C. (editors) [http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/barton-henry-1435 BARTON, Henry (d.1435), of London. – History of Parliament Online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816045930/http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/barton-henry-1435 |date=16 August 2014 }}, The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386–1421. {{ISBN|9780862999438}}. 1993.</ref>
* [[November 9]] &ndash; In what is now the Mediterranean coast of Spain, six-year-old [[Muhammad VIII of Granada|Muhammad VIII]] becomes the new Sultan of the [[Emirate of Granada]] upn the death of his father, the [[Yusuf III of Granada|Sultan Yusuf III]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgsOEAAAQBAJ&dq=Yusuf+III+grenada&pg=PA58 |title=The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada between East and West: (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries) |date=2020-12-07 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-44359-4 |language=en}}</ref> 
* [[November 11]] &ndash; On [[St. Martin's Day]], with all three previous claimants to the office of Pope gone, the 53-member Council of Constance unanimously elects Oddone Colonna to be the new Pontiff.<ref name=Ott>Ott, Michael. "Pope Martin V", in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', Vol. IX   New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910</ref> Colonna will take the name of [[Saint Martin of Tours]] upon his consecration.
* [[November 16]] &ndash; The English Parliament opens at Westminster for a 31-day session and re-elects [[Roger Flower]] as Speaker of the House of Commons.
* [[November 19]] &ndash; The coronation of Elizabeth Granowska as Queen consort of Poland takes place after King Wladyslaw receives a special dispensation from the Council of Constance.<ref name=Duczmal/>
* [[November 21]] &ndash; The coronation of Oddone Colonna as [[Pope Martin V]] takes place in Constance as he becomes the 206th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.<ref name=Ott/> His installation ends a period of two years and five months without a Pope at Rome, as he succeeds [[Pope Gregory XII]], who had abdicated on July 4, [[1415]].
* [[December 14]] &ndash; In punishment for his conviction for high treason against the Crown of England, Sir [[John Oldcastle]], Baron Cobham, is hanged outside the church of [[St Giles in the Fields]] and then (carrying out the sentence for a prior conviction of heresy) burned, "gallows and all".<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Oldcastle, Sir John|volume=20|page=66|first=Charles Lethbridge|last=Kingsford|author-link=Charles Lethbridge Kingsford}}</ref>
* [[December 17]] &ndash; The English Parliament closes and King Henry V gives royal assent to its one major law, the Attorney Act 1417, which provides that "All persons until the next parliament may make their attornies in wapentakes, hundreds, and court barons."<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971 |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |date=1972 |url={{GBurl|lUMIAAAAMAAJ|page=30}} |pages=30 |isbn=978-0-11-840096-1 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[Richard Talbot (archbishop of Dublin)|Richard Talbot]] is appointed as the new [[Archbishop of Dublin]], leader of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland, eight months after the death of the Archbishop [[Thomas Cranley]].

=== Date unknown ===

* [[Mircea I of Wallachia|Mircea cel Bătrân]] loses [[Dobruja]] to the Ottomans and pays them tribute, thus preventing [[Wallachia]] from becoming an Ottoman province. 
* [[Chimalpopoca]], son of [[Huitzilihuitl]], succeeds his father as [[Tlatoani]] (monarch) of [[Tenochtitlan]] (modern Mexico City)<ref name="Archeologia">{{cite web|title=Huitzilíhuitl, "Pluma de colibrí" (1396-1417)|url=https://arqueologiamexicana.mx/mexico-antiguo/huitzilihuitl-pluma-de-colibri-1396-1417|website=Archeologia Mexicana|date=July 2, 2016 |language=es|access-date=June 3, 2019|trans-title=Huitzilíhuitl, "Hummingbird Feather" (1396-1417)}}</ref>
* [[Imadaddin Nasimi]], an Azerbaijani poet and the foremost proponent of [[Hurufism]], was flayed alive and executed in [[Aleppo]], Syria under the order of Aleppan ulema.

== Births ==
* [[February 23]]
** [[Pope Paul II]] (d. [[1471]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul II {{!}} pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-II |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=22 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria]]-Landshut (1450–1479) (d. [[1479]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Catherine of Cleves (1417–1479)|Catherine of Cleves]], Duchess consort regent of Guelders (d. [[1479]])
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]], lord of Rimini (d. [[1468]])
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Philipp I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (1458–1480) (d. [[1480]])
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern]] from 1459 until 1480 (d. [[1480]])
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel]], English politician (d. [[1487]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]], regent of Sweden [[1457]] and [[1465]]&ndash;[[1466]], archbishop of Uppsala [[1448]]&ndash;[[1467]]
** [[Nicholas of Flüe]], Swiss hermit and saint (d. [[1487]])

== Deaths ==
* January &ndash; [[Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh]], King of Leinster (b. [[1357 in Ireland|1357]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Manuel III of Trebizond|Manuel III Megas Komnenos]], [[Empire of Trebizond|Emperor of Trebizond]] (b. [[1364]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Louis II of Anjou]] (b. [[1377]])
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[William II, Duke of Bavaria]] (b. [[1365]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Robert Hallam]], English Catholic bishop
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Anne of Auvergne]], Sovereign Dauphine of Auvergne and Countess of Forez (b. [[1358]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Genealogist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd1nAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=The Association|page=81}}</ref>
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Francesco Zabarella]], Italian jurist (b. [[1360]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory XII]] (b. {{Circa|1325}})<ref>{{cite book|author=Ludwig Freiherr von Pastor|title=The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages: Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and Other Original Sources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luInF0tM2RkC&pg=PA202|year=1891|publisher=J. Hodges|pages=202}}</ref>
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Gazi Evrenos]], Ottoman general (b. [[1288]])
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[John Oldcastle]], English Lollard leader (executed)<ref>{{cite book|author=E H. Thompson|title=From the Thames to the Trosachs: Impressions of Travel in England and Scotland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OM_wUScZxPoC&pg=PA14|year=1890|publisher=Cranston and Stowe|pages=14}}</ref>
* ''probable'' &ndash; [[Huitzilíhuitl]], Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan<ref name="Archeologia"/>

== References ==
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