Editing 1416

{{About year|1416}}
[[File:La batalla de San Romano, por Paolo Uccello.jpg|thumb|250px|[[July 12]]: The [[Battle of Sant'Egidio]] is fought in Italy.]]
{{Year nav|1416}}

{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1416''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 21]] &ndash; King Henry V summons the English Parliament to meet on March 16. 
* [[January 27]] &ndash; The [[Republic of Ragusa]] is the first state in [[Europe]] to outlaw [[slavery]].
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund, King of the Romans]], creates the independent [[Duchy of Savoy]] with [[Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy|Count Amadeus the Peaceful]] becoming the first Duke of Savoy and taking the regnal title Amadeus VIII.
* [[March 1]] &ndash; Sigismund, King of Germany arrives in [[Paris]] to reach an agreement with the Franch government, but is unable to because of difficulty in reaching an agreement satisfactory to the Orleanist and Burgundian factions of government. 
* [[March 11]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Valmont]] takes place in the neighboring towns of [[Valmont, Seine-Maritime|Valmont]] and [[Harfleur]], as [[Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter]] and his English Army troops inflict heavy casualties on a larger group of French soldiers commanded by 
* [[March 16]] &ndash; The [[Treason Act 1415]] takes effect in England, making coin clipping a treasonable offense.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Alfonso V of Aragon|Alfonso V]] becomes the new [[Crown of Aragon|King of Aragon]] and the new [[Kingdom of Sicily|King of Sicily]] upon the death of his father, King [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]].
* [[May 3]] &ndash; Unable to reach an agreement with France, King Sigismund of Germany travels to [[London]], where he is welcomed by King Henry V of England.
* [[May 29]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Gallipoli (1416)|Battle of Gallipoli]], Venetian admiral [[Pietro Loredan (admiral)|Pietro Loredan]] destroys the Ottoman fleet.
* [[May 30]] &ndash; The [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] burns [[Jerome of Prague]] as a heretic.
* [[June 2]] &ndash; The Truce of Harfleur between England and France comes to an end after 27 days, and the French siege of Harfleur begins again on [[June 5]].<ref>Ian Friel, ''Henry V's Navy: The Sea-Road to Agincourt and Conquest 1413-1422'' (History Press, 2015)</ref>
* [[June 6]] &ndash; The [[Convocations of Canterbury and York|Convocation of Canterbury]], to investigate and charge the participants in the 1414 [[Oldcastle Revolt]], ends after more than two months.<ref>"Suppression of the Oldcastle Revolt", by Maureen Jurkowski, ''Henry V: New Interpretations'', ed. by Gwilym Dodd (York Medieval Press, 2013) p.151</ref>
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Raoul de Gaucourt]] and [[Regnault de Chartres]], held prisoners of war in England since being captured during the siege of Harfleur, are paroled in order to serve as England's emissaries to begin discussions of a truce with King [[Charles VI of France]].<ref>Jonathan Sumption, ''The Hundred Years War, Volume IV: Cursed Kings'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, p.2017) p.494</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Henry Chichele]], the Roman Catholic [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] and [[Primate of All England]], begins the firat of his semiannual [[inquisition]]s, directing the archdeacons to seek out [[heresy|heretics]] and bring them to trial. 
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Sant'Egidio]] is fought in [[Italy]], soldier of fortune [[Braccio da Montone]], Prince of Capua, conquers [[Umbria]] and its capital, [[Perugia]].  
* [[July 16]] &ndash; Following the Venetian Navy triumph over the Ottomans at Gallipoli, Dolfino Venier, the Republic of Venice's ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, reaches an agreement with the Ottoman Sultan [[Mehmed I]] to begin discussing a treaty.
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund, King of Germany]], and King [[Henry V of England]] conclude the [[Treaty of Canterbury (1416)|Treaty of Canterbury]], an alliance of the two nations against France. 
* [[September 3]] &ndash; King Henry V summons the English Parliament for the third time in less than a year, directing tvhe MPs to assemble on October 19.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 19]] &ndash; The English Parliament is opened by King Henry V. The House of Commons elects [[Roger Flower]] as its Speaker.  
* [[November 8]] &ndash; Admiral [[Pietro Loredan (admiral)|Pietro Loredan]] is hailed as a hero upon his return to Venice after the Battle of Gallipoli.
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Ming dynasty|China]]'s Emperor [[Yongle Emperor|Yongle]] and his fleet return to [[Nanjing]] from his [[Ming treasure voyages|fourth expedition for treasure]] after having been away since [[1413]].<ref name=Dreyer>{{cite book |last=Dreyer |first=Edward L. |title=Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433 |year=2007 |publisher=Pearson Longman |page=82 | location=New York |isbn=978-0-321-08443-9 |author-link=Edward L. Dreyer }}</ref> 
* [[November 19]] &ndash; At [[Nanjing]], the Emperor Yongle bestows gifts at a grand ceremony to princes, civil officials, military officers, and the ambassadors of 18 countries.<ref name=Dreyer/> 
* [[December 16]] (26 [[Shawwal]] 819 AH) &ndash;[[Hasan ibn Ajlan]], the Vice Sultan of the Hejaz, becomes the [[Emir of Mecca]] again upon the surrender of [[Rumaythah ibn Muhammad]], who usurped the Emirate in February.<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Zambaur|first1=E.|title=Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de l'Islam|date=1927|publisher=Heinz Lafaire|language=French|location=Hanovre|page=22}}</ref>
* [[December 28]] &ndash; China's Yongle makes announces a fifth treasure voyage.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Duyvendak | first=J. J. L. | title=The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century | journal=T'oung Pao | year=1939 | volume=34 | issue=5 | pages=378 | author-link=J. J. L. Duyvendak | jstor=4527170 | doi=10.1163/156853238X00171}}</ref> 
* [[December 30]] (10 [[Dhu al-Qadah]] 819 AH) &ndash; Hamsa Bhat, the Vizier for Ali Shah, the [[Kashmir Sultanate|Sultan of Kashmir]], is assassinated and [[Zayn al-Abidin the Great|Zayn al-Abidin]] is appointed to replace him.

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Trezzo sull'Adda Bridge]] (the longest [[arch bridge]] in the world at the time) is destroyed.
* The [[Hussite Bible]] is completed by Tamás Pécsi and Bálint Újlaki.

== Births ==
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Christopher of Bavaria]] (d. [[1448]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Antonio Squarcialupi]], Italian organist and composer (d. [[1480]])
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Jodha of Mandore]], Ruler of Marwar (d. [[1489]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Jakobus ("James"), Count of Lichtenburg|Jakobus]], nobleman from Lichtenberg in the northern part of Alsace (d. [[1480]])
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent]] (d. [[1490]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Benedetto Cotrugli]], Ragusan/Croatian merchant, economist, scientist, diplomat and humanist (d. [[1469]])
** [[Pal Engjëlli]], Albanian Catholic clergyman (d. [[1470]])
** [[Francis of Paola]], founder of the [[Minim (religious order)|Order of the Minims]] (d. [[1507]])
** [[Piero di Cosimo de' Medici]], ruler of Florence (d. [[1469]])
* ''probable'' &ndash; [[Jacquetta of Luxembourg]], English duchess and countess (d. [[1472]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Racek Kobyla of Dvorce]], Bohemian Hetman and Burgrave.
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Eleanor of Castile (d. 1416)|Eleanor of Castile]], queen consort of Navarre (b. c. [[1363]])
* [[April 2]] &ndash; King [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]] (b. [[1379]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Ferdinand I {{!}} king of Aragon |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-I-king-of-Aragon |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=31 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Anna of Celje]], queen consort of Poland (b. c. [[1381]])
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Jerome of Prague]], Czech theologian (executed) (b. [[1379]])
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[John, Duke of Berry]], son of [[John II of France]] (b. [[1340]])
*[[September 4]] &ndash; [[John I, Count of Nassau-Siegen]], German count<ref>{{cite book |last=Dek |first=A.W.E. |date=1970 |title=Genealogie van het Vorstenhuis Nassau |language=nl |location=Zaltbommel |publisher=Europese Bibliotheek |page=66 }}</ref>
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Yaqub Spata]], lord of Arta 
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Mathew Swetenham]], bowbearer of [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; The [[Limbourg brothers]], painters of the [[Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry]].
* ''probable''
**[[Owain Glyndŵr]], Welsh prince and leader of the Welsh Revolt
**[[Julian of Norwich]], English anchoress, mystic and author

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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