Editing 1391

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1391}}
{{Year nav|1391}}
{{C14 year in topic}}Year '''1391''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCXCI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;December ===
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Massacre of 1391]]: [[Antisemitism|Anti-Jewish]] [[pogroms]] erupt in [[Seville#Castilian rule|Seville]], Spain.<ref name="Freund">{{cite book |last1=Freund |first1=Scarlett |title=Jewish-Christian Encounters Over the Centuries: Symbiosis, Prejudice, Holocaust, Dialogue |last2=Ruiz |date=1994 |publisher=P. Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-2082-0 |editor1-last=Perry |editor1-first=Marvin |pages=169–195 |chapter=Jews, Conversos, and the Inquisition in Spain, 1391–1492: The Ambiguities of History |editor2-last=Schweitzer |editor2-first=Frederick M.}}</ref> Many thousands of Jews are massacred, and the violence spreads throughout Spain and Portugal, especially to [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]], [[Barcelona]] and [[Palma de Mallorca|Mallorca]]. This event marks a turning-point in the [[History of the Jews in Spain|history of the Spanish Jews]], with most of the survivors leaving the Iberian Peninsula or being forced to convert.  
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Tokhtamysh–Timur war]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Kondurcha River]]: [[Timur]] defeats [[Tokhtamysh]] of the [[Golden Horde]], in present day southeast Russia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC |title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East |date=2009-12-23 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-672-5 |pages=428 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Manuel II Palaiologos]] becomes [[Byzantine emperor]] after his father, [[John V Palaiologos]], dies of a nervous breakdown, due to his continued humiliation by the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barker |first=John W. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11370 |title=Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425); a study in late Byzantine statesmanship |date=1969 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=0-8135-0582-8 |location=New Brunswick, N.J. |pages=xxiv |oclc=11370}}</ref>
* Yusuf II succeeds [[Muhammed V of Granada|Muhammed V]], as [[Nasrid dynasty|Nasrid]] Sultan of [[Granada]] (now southern Spain).
* [[Stephen Dabiša of Bosnia|Stephen Dabiša]] succeeds [[Tvrtko I of Bosnia|Stephen Tvrtko I]], as [[King of Bosnia]].
* Shah Mansur becomes leader of the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]]-occupied [[Muzaffarids (Iran)|Muzaffarid]] Empire, in central [[Persia]].
* A group of [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|Muzaffarids]] under Zafar Khan Muzaffar establish a new Sultanate at [[Gujarat]], in western India. 
* [[Vytautas the Great]], claimant to the throne of [[Lithuania]], forms an alliance with [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]].
* [[Roman I of Moldavia|Roman I]] succeeds [[Petru II of Moldavia|Petru]], as Prince of [[Moldavia]] (now [[Moldova]] and northeastern [[Romania]]).
* [[Konrad von Wallenrode]] succeeds Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein, as Grand Master of the [[Teutonic Knights]].
* [[Bridget of Sweden]] is canonized by [[Pope Boniface IX]].
* [[Ushkuiniks|Ushkuinik]] pirates from [[Novgorod]] sack the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]] towns of [[Zhukotin]] and [[Kazan]].
* The Chinese invent [[toilet paper]] for use by their emperors.
* [[Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney]], takes control of the [[Shetland Islands]] and the [[Faroe Islands]].
* The [[University of Ferrara]] is founded on the [[Italian Peninsula]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grendler |first=Paul F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=65e7Xd9a-PgC |title=The Universities of the Italian Renaissance |date=2004-09-29 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-8055-1 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] government orders 50 million trees planted in the [[Nanjing]] area.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany]]  (d. [[1433]])
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Cyriacus of Ancona]], Italian merchant, "father of archaeology" (d. 1453/5)
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Edward, King of Portugal]] (d. [[1438]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March]], English politician (d. [[1425]])
* [[1st Dalai Lama|Gedun Drub, 1st Dalai Lama]] (d. [[1474]])
* [[Thomas West, 2nd Baron West]], English soldier (d. [[1415]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 16]] &ndash; Emir [[Muhammed V of Granada]] (b. [[1338]])
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[John V Palaiologos]], [[Byzantine emperor]] (b. [[1332]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; King [[Tvrtko I of Bosnia]] (b. 1338)
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy]] (b. [[1360]])
* [[Gaston III, Count of Foix]], co-prince of [[Andorra]]
* ''date unknown''
** [[Petru II of Moldavia|Petru]], Prince of [[Moldavia]]
** [[Margaret, Countess of Mar]] (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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