Editing 1378

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{{About year|1378|the video game|1378 km}}
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{{C14 year in topic}}Year '''1378''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;December ===
* [[January]] &ndash; [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], visits his nephew [[Charles V of France]] in Paris, to celebrate publicly the friendship between their two nations.
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Balša II]] succeeds his brother, [[Đurađ I of Zeta|Durađ I]], as ruler of [[Zeta under the Balšići|Lower Zeta]] (modern-day [[Montenegro]]).
* [[March]] &ndash; In [[Kingdom of England|England]], [[John Wycliffe]] tries to promote his ideas for Catholic reform by laying his theses before Parliament, and making them public in a [[Tract (literature)|tract]]. He is subsequently summoned before the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[Simon of Sudbury]], at the episcopal palace at [[Lambeth]], to defend his actions.
* [[April 9]] &ndash; Following the death of [[Pope Gregory XI]], and riots in [[Rome]] calling for a Roman pope, the cardinals, who are mostly French, elect [[Pope Urban VI]] (Bartolomeo Prignano, [[Archbishop of Bari]]) as the 202nd [[Pope]].
* [[April 16]] &ndash; Da'ud Shah succeeds his assassinated nephew, Aladdin Mujahid Shah, as ruler of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in modern-day southern [[India]]. Da'ud Shah is assassinated in the following month, and is succeeded by Mohammad Shah II.
* [[May]] &ndash; [[Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür]] succeeds his father, [[Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara]], as ruler of the Northern [[Yuan dynasty]] in [[Mongolia]].
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Ciompi Revolt]]: Discontented wool carders briefly take over the government of [[Florence]]. 
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]] succeeds his father, [[Galeazzo II Visconti]], as ruler of [[Milan]].
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Vozha River]]: [[Dmitry Donskoy|Prince Dmitri Ivanovich of Moscow]] resists a small invasion by the [[Mongol]] [[Blue Horde]] under [[Mamai]].
* [[September]] &ndash; A contract is set up between [[Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton]] and the mason Johan Lewyn, for the construction of [[Bolton Castle]] in the north of England.
* [[September 20]] &ndash; Unhappy with Pope Urban's critical attitude towards them, the majority of the cardinals meet at [[Fondi]], elect [[Antipope Clement VII|Clement VII]] as [[antipope]], and establish a rival papal court at [[Avignon]]. This split within the Catholic Church becomes known as the [[Western Schism]], also known as the Great Schism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Western Schism {{!}} History, Background, Popes, & Resolution {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Western-Schism |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> France, [[Aragon]], [[Castile and León]], [[Cyprus]], [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]], [[Savoy]], [[Naples]] and [[Scotland]] choose to recognise [[Antipope Clement VII]]. [[Denmark]], England, [[Flanders]], the [[Holy Roman Empire]], [[Hungary]], northern [[Italy]], [[Ireland]], [[Norway]], [[Poland]] and [[Sweden]] continue to recognise [[Pope Urban VI]].
* [[November 10]] &ndash; Estimated appearance date of [[Halley's Comet]].<ref>''Annales Mediolanenses''.</ref>
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], dies in [[Prague]]. He is succeeded by his son, [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans|Wenceslaus]], as [[List of rulers of Bohemia|King of Bohemia]], but the office of [[Holy Roman Emperor]] falls into abeyance, until Charles's son [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] is crowned in [[1433]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Raseborg Castle]] is mentioned for the first time in documents,<ref>[https://travel.sygic.com/en/poi/raseborg-castle-poi:19241478 Raseborg Castle - Sygic Travel]</ref> but its actual date of foundation is unknown.
* [[Tokhtamysh]] dethrones [[Temur-Malik (White Horde)|Temur-Malik]] to become Khan of the [[White Horde]].
* [[Uthman Beg]] establishes the [[Aq Qoyunlu]] (Turkomans of the White Sheep) dynasty at [[Diyarbakır]], in modern-day southeast [[Turkey]].
* [[Ottoman Turks]] capture the town of [[Ihtiman]] in west [[Bulgaria]].
* Tai Bian succeeds Zhao Bing Fa as King of [[Mong Mao]] (modern-day northern [[Myanmar]]).
* Sa'im al-Dahr is hanged for blowing the nose off the [[Great Sphinx of Giza]].<ref>According to [[Al-Maqrizi]].</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Louis III, Elector Palatine]] (d. [[1436]])
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Zhu Quan]], Chinese military commander, historian and playwright (d. [[1448]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Hongxi Emperor]] of China (d. [[1425]])
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay]], heir to throne of Scotland (d. [[1402]])<ref>{{cite web |title=David Stewart, 1st Duke of Rothesay: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland |url=https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/s/davidstewartrothesay.html |website=www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Pope Callixtus III]] (d. [[1458]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Vittorino da Feltre]], [[Italy|Italian]] humanist (d. [[1446]])
** [[Joan II, Countess of Auvergne]], French vassal (d. [[1424]])
** [[Lorenzo Ghiberti]], Italian sculptor and metal-worker (d. [[1455]])
** [[John Hardyng]], English chronicler (d. [[1465]])
** [[Narasimha Saraswati]] - Indian Guru and Saint

== Deaths ==
[[File:Charles_IV-John_Ocko_votive_picture-fragment.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]]]] 
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Joanna of Bourbon]], queen consort of [[Charles V of France]] (b. [[1338]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory XI]] (b.  c. [[1329]])
* [[July]] &ndash; [[Owain Lawgoch]], titular Prince of [[Wales]] and mercenary &ndash; assassinated (b. c. [[1330]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Galeazzo II Visconti]], Lord of Milan (b. c. [[1320]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] (b. [[1316]])
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Andrew Stratford]], English verderer and landowner

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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