Editing 1357

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1357}}
{{Year nav|1357}}
{{C14 year in topic}}Year '''1357''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCLVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;December ===
* [[February 3]] &ndash; The [[Estates General (France)|Estates General]] in [[Kingdom of France|France]] meets and passes [[Étienne Marcel]]'s [[Great Ordinance of 1357|Great Ordinance]] in an attempt to impose limits on the [[French monarchy|monarchy]], in particular in fiscal and monetary matters.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Michelet|first1=Jules|last2=Smith|first2=G. H.|title=History of France: from the earliest period to the present time|year=1845|publisher=D. Appleton & Co.|page=442|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t2Je9tWfiZgC&q=Great+Ordinance+of+1357&pg=PA442|volume=1}}</ref>
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Eric XII of Sweden|Erik Magnusson]] is recognized as king of most of Sweden, in opposition to his father, King [[Magnus IV of Sweden|Magnus]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Schybergson|first=Magnus Gottfrid|title=Finlands historia|year=1903|publisher=G. W. Edlund|page=90|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ju4KAAAAIAAJ&q=28+april+1357|language=sv|volume=2}}</ref>
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Peter I of Portugal|Peter I]] becomes King of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]], after the death of his father, [[Afonso IV of Portugal|Alfonso IV]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Americana|title=Oporto to Photoengraving|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eflGAAAAMAAJ&q=strengthened+royal+authority+by+vigorously|year=2004|publisher=Scholastic Library Publishing|volume=21|isbn=978-0-7172-0138-9|page=803}}</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; Construction formally begins on [[Charles Bridge]] in [[Prague]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Burton|first=Richard|title=Prague: a cultural and literary history|year=2003|publisher=Signal Books|isbn=978-1-902669-63-2|page=24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0uaU8M2bosC&q=charles+bridge+9+July+1357&pg=PA24}}</ref>
* [[July 22]] &ndash; On the death of [[Jani Beg]], he is succeeded as Khan of the [[Blue Horde]] by his son [[Berdi Beg]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Perrie|first1=Maureen|last2=Lieven|first2=D. C. B.|last3=Suny|first3=Ronald Grigor|title=The Cambridge History of Russia: From early Rus' to 1689|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81227-6|page=154|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQcviLmjNm0C&q=Berdibek+1357&pg=PA154}}</ref> who orders the death of at least 12 of his close kinsmen to secure his position.
* [[October 3]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Berwick (1357)|Treaty of Berwick]] ends the [[Second War of Scottish Independence]] and King [[David II of Scotland]] is released by the English in return for a ransom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Keith M.|editor-last=Tanner|editor-first=Roland|title=Parliament and politics in Scotland, 1235–1560|year=2004|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-1485-1|page=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7SMfrAIkWksC&q=David+-+after+his+release+in+1357&pg=PA74}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Blue Horde]] unseats Ghazan II as the ruler of the [[Il-Khanate]], and appoints their own governor.
* [[Battle of Bubat]]: The [[Sunda Kingdom|Sundanese]] royal family is massacred by the Majapahit Army on the orders of [[Gajah Mada]]; the death toll includes Sundanese King Lingga Buana and Princess [[Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi]], who commits suicide.
* Rao Kanhadev becomes [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] ruler of [[Marwar]] (part of modern-day [[India]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Bunce|first=Frederick W.|title=Royal palaces, residences, and pavilions of India|year=2006|publisher=D.K. Printworld|isbn=978-81-246-0356-7|page=303|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VfjVAAAAMAAJ&q=Kanha+Dev+1357}}</ref>
* [[Influenza]] is first identified as a [[disease]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Raoult|first1=Didier|last2=Drancourt|first2=Michel|title=Paleomicrobiology: past human infections|year=2008|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-75854-9|page=200|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9P_4EwsZuC0C&q=In+1357%2C+an+epidemic+was+described+in+Florence&pg=PA200}}</ref>
* The first public exhibition of the [[Shroud of Turin]] is recorded.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4223-1857-7|page=200|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bKoL_vPa47EC&q=Shroud+of+Turin+1357&pg=PA200|volume=2}}</ref>
* The [[Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat]] (Famous Wat Yai) Temple is constructed in [[Phitsanulok]], Thailand.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Eliot|first1=Joshua|last2=Bickersteth|first2=Jane|title=Thailand handbook|year=2003|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-903471-54-8|page=214|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lg1t7IhJwsEC&q=Wat+Phra+Sri+Rattana+Mahathat+1357&pg=PA214|edition=2nd}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 11]] &ndash; King [[John I of Portugal]] (d. [[1433]])<ref>{{cite web |title=John I {{!}} king of Portugal |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-I-king-of-Portugal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=22 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''date unknown''
** [[Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh]], King of Leinster (d. [[1417]])
** [[Hugo von Montfort]], Austrian minstrel (d. [[1423]])
** [[Anna of Trebizond, Queen of Georgia]] (d. [[1406]])
** [[Fang Xiaoru]], Confucian scholar (d. [[1402]])
** [[Je Tsongkhapa]], founder of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism (d. [[1419]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile|Maria of Portugal]], infanta (b. [[1313]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; King [[Afonso IV of Portugal]] (b. [[1291]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Afonso IV {{!}} king of Portugal |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Afonso-IV |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=12 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Bartolus de Saxoferrato]], Italian jurist (b. [[1313]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Usman Serajuddin]], court scholar of the [[Bengal Sultanate]] (b. [[1258]])<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Shaikh Akhi Sirajuddin Usman (R)|author=[[Abdul Karim (historian)|Abdul Karim]]}}</ref>
** [[Ziauddin Barani]], historian and political thinker of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] (b. [[1285]])
** [[Jani Beg]], Khan of the [[Blue Horde]]
** [[Kazerouni, Masoud]], Persian physician
** Rao Tida, [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] ruler of [[Marwar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1357}}
[[Category:1357| ]]