Editing 1348

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{{About year|1348}}
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{{C14 year in topic}}Year '''1348''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCXLVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1348th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD) designations, the 348th year of the [[2nd millennium]], the 48th year of the [[14th century]], and the 9th and pre-final year of the [[1340s]] decade.

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;December ===
* [[January]] &ndash; Gonville Hall, the forerunner of [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]], England, is founded.
* [[January 25]] &ndash; The 6.9-magnitude [[1348 Friuli earthquake]] centered in Northern Italy is felt across Europe. Contemporary minds link the quake with the [[Black Death]], fueling fears that the Biblical Apocalypse has arrived.
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Battle of Strėva]]: the [[Teutonic Order]] secure a victory over the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. Sources tell of a blow to Lithuanian leadership, one that the Teutonic Order could not fully make use of due to the Black Death.<ref>Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Strėva, Battle of". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 308–309. LCCN 74-114275.</ref><ref>Baranauskienė, Inga (2002-12-07). "Kęstutis ir Algirdas: 1344–1345 m. perversmas ir valdžios dalybos". Voruta (in Lithuanian). 23 (521).</ref>
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Charles University]] in [[Prague]], founded the previous year by [[papal bull]], is granted privileges by [[Charles I, King of Bohemia]], in a [[golden bull]].<ref>"Littera fundationis Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis" (in Latin). 7 April 1348.</ref>
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Edward III of England]] creates the first English order of chivalry, the [[Most Noble Order of the Garter]].
* By [[June 24]] &ndash; The [[Black Death]] pandemic reaches [[Kingdom of England|England]],<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/161|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/161 161–164]}}</ref> having probably been brought across the [[English Channel]] by fleas on rats aboard a ship from [[Gascony]] to the south coast port of [[Melcombe Regis|Melcombe]] (modern-day [[Weymouth, Dorset]]);<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gransden|first=Antonia|year=1957|title=A Fourteenth-Century Chronicle from the Grey Friars at Lynn|journal=[[English Historical Review]]|volume=lxxii|page=274|doi=10.1093/ehr/lxxii.cclxxxiii.270}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Black Death|first=Mike|last=Ibeji|date=2011-03-10|work=History|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=2020-04-12|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/black_01.shtml}}</ref> by November it will have reached [[London]] and by [[1350]] will have killed one third to a half of its population.
* [[July 6]] &ndash; A papal bull is issued by [[Pope Clement VI]], [[anti-Semitism|protecting Jews]] against popular aggression during the Black Death pandemic.
* [[November 1]] &ndash; The anti-royalist [[Union of Valencia]] attacks the [[Jews]] of [[Murviedro]] because they are [[serf]]s of the [[King of Valencia]] and thus "royalists".
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Emperor Kōmyō]] of Japan abdicates the throne in favour of his son [[Emperor Sukō]], making them the second and third of the [[Northern Court]] (Ashikaga Pretenders).<ref>Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford University Press. p. 82,86. ISBN 0804705259.</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Black Death]] pandemic spreads to central and [[western Europe]] and to [[Cairo]].
* [[Stefan the Mighty]], [[Serbian Empire|Emperor of Serbia]], conquers [[Thessaly]] and [[Despotate of Epirus|Epirus]].
* The [[Pskov Republic]] gains independence from the [[Novgorod Republic]] with the [[treaty of Bolotovo]].
* [[Hundred Years' War (1337–1360)]]: The effects of the Black Death cause a de facto truce to be observed between England and [[France]] until [[1355]].<ref>Lynn II, John A (2004). Battle: A History of Combat and Culture. Philadelphia: Westview Press Inc. ISBN 978-0-8133-3372-4. pp. 85–90</ref>
* Estimation: [[Hangzhou]] in [[Mongol Empire|Mongolian]] [[China]] becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from [[Cairo]], capital of [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm |title=Geography at about.com. |access-date=March 1, 2006 |archive-date=July 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714185311/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]], Byzantine Emperor (d. [[1385]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel|John Fitzalan]], 1st Lord Arundel (d. [[1379]])
** [[Alice Perrers]], politically active English royal mistress and courtier (d. [[1400]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Narimantas]], Christian Lithuanian prince of Pinsk (Battle of Strėva)
* [[June 9]] &ndash; [[Ambrogio Lorenzetti]], Sienese painter (Black Death) (b. [[1290]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Don Juan Manuel]], prince of Villena, Spanish writer (b. [[1282]])
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Joan of England (1335–1348)|Joan of England]], princess (Black Death) (b. 1333/34)
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke]], English noble (b. [[1319]])
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[John de Stratford]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. c.1275)
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Alice de Lacy, 4th Countess of Lincoln]], English noblewoman (b. [[1281]])
[[File:Emperor Hanazono detail.jpg|thumb|right|111px|[[Emperor Hanazono]]]]
* ''date unknown''
** [[Laura de Noves]], French countess, presumed beloved of [[Petrarch]] (b. [[1310]])
** [[Pietro Lorenzetti]], Sienese painter (Black Death) (b. [[1280]])
** [[Umur of Aydın]], [[Emirate of Aydin|Emir]] (killed in action) (b.  c.[[1309]])
** [[Giovanni Villani]], chronicler of [[Florence]] (Black Death) (b. c. [[1276]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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