Editing 1326

[[File: Isabela navrat Anglie.jpg|upright=1.00|thumb|[[Isabella of France]] (middle) departs with her fleet and [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March|Roger Mortimer]] to [[Kingdom of England|England]]]]
{{About year|1326}}
Year '''1326''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCXXVI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{Year nav|1326}}
{{C14 year in topic}}[[File:BNMsFr2643FroissartFol97vExecHughDespenser.jpg|thumb|[[Hugh Despenser the Younger]] is [[Hanged, drawn and quartered]].]]
== Events ==
=== January &ndash; March ===
* [[January 21]] &ndash; The foundation of [[Oriel College, Oxford|Oriel College]] (or King's College), the [[University of Oxford]]'s fifth oldest (still surviving) college, is confirmed by royal charter.<ref>Rannie, David (1900). ''Oriel College''. University of Oxford College Histories. London: F.E. Robinson & Co.</ref>
* [[February 10]]&ndash;[[March 11]] &ndash; The [[Raid on Brandenburg]] begins as Polish-Lithuanian forces led by [[Władysław I Łokietek|King Wladyslaw the Elbow-High]] of Poland, and of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] under [[Gediminas]], raid the territories of the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] (within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]), with the sanction of Pope [[Pope John XXII|John XXII]]. Władysław regards the [[Neumark]] (East [[Brandenburg]]) as Polish territory.<ref>Carlyle, Thomas (2010). ''The Works of Thomas Carlyle'', pp. 128–129. Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9781108022354}}.</ref>
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Ingeborg of Norway|Queen Ingbeborg]], the regent and de facto ruler of [[Kingdom of Sweden (800–1521)|Sweden]], is stripped from all political authority. Due to having many debts (known as the [[Ingeborg of Norway#Scania affair|Scania affair]]), she gives up several fiefs.
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Frederick the Fair]] becomes the sole [[Duke of Austria]] upon the death of his younger brother, [[Leopold I, Duke of Austria|Leopold I]] of the House of Habsburg.
* [[March 11]] &ndash; The [[Raid on Brandenburg]] by King Wladyslaw of Poland is completed with the looting and destruction by Lithuanian troops of the cities of [[Berlin]] and [[Frankfurt (Oder)|Frankfurt an der Oder]], and the capture of 6,000 German prisoners of war. The area between [[Frankfurt (Oder)|Frankfurt an der Order]] and [[Berlin]] is looted and devastated.
* [[March 25]] &ndash; At Dagnum (a former city in what is now [[Albania]]), a peace treaty is signed between Venetian merchants at [[Republic of Ragusa|Ragusa]] and King [[Stefan Dečanski]] of  [[List of Serbian monarchs|Serbia]].

=== April &ndash; June ===
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Siege of Bursa]]: Ottoman forces (some 10,000 men) led by Sultan [[Orhan|Orhan I]] capture the Byzantine city of [[Bursa]]. Orhan makes Bursa the first official Ottoman capital.<ref>Nolan, Cathal J. (2006). ''The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization'', pp. 100–101. Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. {{ISBN|9780313337338}}.</ref><ref>Rogers, Clifford (2010). ''The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology'', p. 261. Volume 1. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|9780195334036}}.</ref>
* [[April 19]] &ndash; The Peace of Arques, brokered by King [[Charles IV of France]], ends the [[1323-1328 Flemish revolt|Flemish Revolt]], but the treaty is not supported by rebel districts in [[County of Flanders|Flanders]].<ref>Tebrake, William H. (1993). ''A Plague of Insurrection: Popular Politics and Peasant Revolt in Flanders, 1323–1328'', p. 98. University of Pennsylvania Press.</ref> 
* [[May 4]] &ndash; King [[Christopher II of Denmark]], forced to flee during an uprising, promises to give the Danish [[Principality of Rügen]] to [[John III of Werle]] and [[Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg]], leading to the [[Wars of the Rügen Succession|First War of the Rügen Succession]].
* [[June 3]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Novgorod (1326)|Treaty of Novgorod]], a 10-year armistice, ends decades of border skirmishes between Norway and Novgorod in the far-northern region of [[Finnmark]].
* [[June 6]] &ndash; In Denmark, the Reichsrat votes to remove King Christopher II from office and to replace him with 11-year-old [[Valdemar III of Denmark|Valdemar V, Duke of Schleswig]]. Valdemar's uncle, [[Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg|Count Gerhard of Holstein]], becomes the regent for King Valdemar.

=== July &ndash; September ===
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Wartislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania]] makes an alliance with [[Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg]], who has taken control of Denmark after overthrowing King Christopher II. Wartislaw IV becomes ill and dies 18 days later.
* [[July 15]] &ndash; The Scottish Parliament meets at [[Cambuskenneth]] and votes to restore 10-year-old [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert Stewart]], grandson of Robert the Bruce to the line of succession to the throne of Scotland. Robert is granted lands in Argyll, Roxburghshire and the Lothians, and will eventually become King of Scotland in 1371.<ref>Stephen Boardman, ''The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371–1406'' (Birlinn, 2007) p.3</ref>
* [[July 16]] &ndash; Moroccan traveler [[Ibn Battuta]] departs from Cairo on a trip through Palestine on the way to Damascus.<ref name=Gibb>H.A.R. Gibb, ''The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354'' (Hakluyt Society, 1958)</ref>
* [[August 9]] &ndash; Ibn Battuta arrives in [[Damascus]] after a three-week journey from [[Cairo]].<ref name=Gibb/> 
* [[August 27]] &ndash; Queen [[Isabella of France]] draws up a marriage contract between the 13-year-old Prince Edward (the future [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]) and [[Philippa of Hainault]], guaranteeing that the wedding will take place within two years.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Edward III marriage contract auctioned|journal=BBC History Magazine|publisher=BBC|issue=May 2019|page=13}}</ref>
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Dmitry of Tver|Dmitry]], [[Grand Prince of Tver]], is executed for the murder of Grand Duke Yuri of Moscow at [[Sarai (city)|Sarai]] on orders of [[Özbeg Khan]], ruler of the [[Golden Horde]] that controls much of what is now Asian Russia. 
[[File: Isabella's invasion route (1326).svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Isabella's campaign (green) and the retreat of [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] to [[Wales]] (brown)]]
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Invasion of England (1326)|Invasion of England]]: Isabella of France and her supporters (including [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March|Roger Mortimer]]) land at [[Orwell, Cambridgeshire|Orwell]] in [[Suffolk]]. Their aim is to remove King [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] from his throne and place Prince Edward there as the new ruler. Meanwhile, residing at the [[Tower of London]], Edward tries to raise support in the capital, but instead, there is anarchy in [[London]] and mobs killing Edward's officials (including his treasurer, [[Walter de Stapledon]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - Radio 4 - This Sceptred Isle - Isabella and Mortimer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/sceptred_isle/page/33.shtml?question=33 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref>

=== October &ndash; December ===
* [[October 18]] &ndash; Isabella of France begins the [[Siege of Bristol (1326)|Siege of Bristol]], which is defended by [[Hugh Despenser the Elder]].<ref>Weir, Alison (2006). ''Queen Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England'', p. 234. London: Pimlico Books. {{ISBN|978-0-7126-4194-4}}.</ref>
* [[October 26]] &ndash; After eight days, the castle of Bristol is captured by Queen Isabella, and Hugh Despenser the elder is taken captive. With Bristol secured, Isabella moves her base of operations to [[Hereford]], near the [[Wales|Welsh border]]. There, she orders [[Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster|Henry of Lancaster]] to locate and arrest Edward II.
* [[October 27]] &ndash; The day after his capture at Bristol, [[Hugh Despenser the Elder]], the chief adviser to King Edward II of England, is dressed in his armor and hanged in public. Afterwards, Hugh's body is dismembered, with his head presented to Queen Isabella to show to others among Edward's allies. 
* [[October 27]] &ndash; Declaring that they are acting in the name of King Edward and giving as the reason that he is away in France, Queen Isabella and Crown Prince Edward issue a writ summoning the English Parliament to assemble on December 14 at Westminster.
* [[November 16]] &ndash; King Edward II of England is captured at [[Neath Abbey]] in [[Wales]] and brought to England, where he is imprisoned at [[Kenilworth Castle]] in [[Warwickshire]]. 
* [[December 3]] &ndash; Queen Isabella and Crown Prince Edward, claiming to act on behalf of King Edward II, issue a new writ postponing the opening of the English Parliament from December 14 to January 7. The new parliament will approve the replacement of King Edward II by the Crown Prince as "Keeper of the Realm".<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 158. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* Summer &ndash; German forces led by [[Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg]] occupy the western territories belonging to the [[Principality of Rügen]]. The towns of [[Barth, Germany|Barth]] and [[Grimmen]] surrender after a short siege.<ref>Ingeborg Lohfink: ''Vorpommern – Begegnung mit dem Land am Meer''. Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock, 1991. {{ISBN|3-356-00418-2}}.</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; [[Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg]] allies himself with the Danish magnates. In response, the Hanseatic towns of [[Demmin]], [[Stralsund]], [[Greifswald]] and [[Anklam]] join the alliance.

==== Middle East ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Ibn Battuta]], Moroccan scholar and explorer, arrives after a journey of over 3,500&nbsp;km (2,200 miles) at the port of [[Alexandria]], at the time part of the [[Bahri dynasty|Bahri Mamluk Empire]].<ref>Defrémery, C.; Sanguinetti, B.R., eds. (1853). ''Voyages d'Ibn Batoutah'' (Volume 1), p. 27. Paris: Société Asiatic.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Education ====
* [[Clare College, Cambridge|Clare College]], the [[University of Cambridge]]'s second oldest (still surviving) college, is founded.

== Births ==
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Robert Clavering (MP)|Robert Clavering]], English official and politician  (d. [[1394]])
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Louis I of Hungary|King Louis I]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungary]] and [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]] (d. [[1382]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Louis I {{!}} king of Hungary |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-I-king-of-Hungary |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=14 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Ivan II of Moscow]]), Russian Grand Prince (d. [[1359]])<ref>Janet Martin (1995). ''Medieval Russia, 990–1584''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-36832-4}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ivan II {{!}} Russian prince |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivan-II |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=22 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Rinchinbal Khan]] (Ningzong), Mongol emperor (d. [[1332]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Joan I, Countess of Auvergne|Joan I]], queen of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] ([[History of Auvergne|House of Auvergne]]) (d. [[1360]])<ref>Cox, Eugene L. (1967). ''The Green Count of Savoy'', pp. 60–61. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.</ref>
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Murad I]], Turkish ruler of the [[Ottoman Empire]] (d. [[1389]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Amaury IV de Craon|Amaury IV]], French [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1373]])<ref>Scott-Stokes, Charity; Given-Wilson, Chris, eds. (2008). ''Chronicon Anonymi Cantuariensis'', p. 29. Oxford University Press.</ref>
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Beatrice of Sicily (1326–1365)|Beatrice of Sicily]], Sicilian noblewoman (d. [[1365]])
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Yolande of Dampierre|Yolande of Bar]], French noblewoman (d. [[1395]])
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Nawrahta Minye|Anawrahta II]], Burmese prince and ruler (d. [[1349]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[As-Salih Ismail, Sultan of Egypt|As-Salih Ismail]], Egyptian nobleman, prince and ruler (d. [[1345]])
** [[Kitabatake Akiyoshi]], Japanese nobleman and [[samurai]] (d. [[1383]])
** [[Kusunoki Masatsura]], Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. [[1348]])
** [[Olivier V de Clisson|Olivier the Butcher]], Breton knight and constable (d. [[1407]])
** [[Imagawa Sadayo]], Japanese poet and governor (d. [[1420]])
** [[Isaac ben Sheshet]], Spanish [[Talmud]]ic authority (d. [[1408]]) 
** [[Ivan Asen IV of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen IV]], Bulgarian nobleman and prince (d. 1349)
** [[Manuel Kantakouzenos]], Byzantine nobleman (d. [[1380]])
** [[Robert of Durazzo]], Italian nobleman and knight (d. [[1356]])
** [[Simeon Uroš]], Serbian nobleman and [[pretender]] (d. [[1370]])
** [[Tang He]] (Dingchen), Chinese rebel leader (d. 1395)
** [[Wartislaw V, Duke of Pomerania|Wartislaw V]], German nobleman and co-ruler (d. [[1390]])<ref>Martin Wehrmann (1919). ''Geschichte von Pommern'', Vol 1, second edition. Verlag: Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha. Reprinted: Augsburg, 1992. {{ISBN|3-89350-112-6}}.</ref>
** [[William Wingfield (14th century MP)|William Wingfield]], English official and politician (d. [[1398]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter|Robert FitzWalter]], English nobleman and knight (b. [[1247]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Roger de Beler]], English nobleman, justice and politician<ref>Fryde, Natalie (1979). ''The tyranny and fall of Edward II 1321–1326''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521222013}}.</ref>
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Leopold I, Duke of Austria]], German nobleman (b. [[1290]])<ref>Wurzbach, Constantin von (1860). "Habsburg, Leopold I. der Glorreiche". In ''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich'', p. 409. Vienna: Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei.</ref>
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Alessandra Giliani]], Italian anatomist and scientist (b. [[1307]])<ref>Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). ''Encyclopedia of world scientists'' (Rev. ed.). New York: Facts on File. {{ISBN|978-1438118826}}.</ref>
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Pandolfo I Malatesta]], Italian nobleman and knight (''[[condottiero]]'')
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Bernard of Świdnica]], Polish nobleman, knight and ruler ([[Piast dynasty|House of Piast]]) 
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Mats Kettilmundsson]], Swedish knight, statesman and seneschal of the realm (b. c. [[1280]])
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley|Maurice de Berkeley]], English nobleman (b. [[1281]])
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster|Richard Óg de Burgh]], Irish nobleman ([[House of Burgh]]) (b. [[1259]])
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Chirk|Roger Mortimer]], English nobleman, knight and judge (b. [[1256]])
* [[September 15]] 
** [[Dmitry of Tver]], Russian nobleman and Grand Prince (b. [[1299]])
** [[William FitzJohn]], Irish prelate, archbishop and Lord Chancellor
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Reginald I of Guelders]], Dutch nobleman, knight and ruler (b. [[1255]])
* [[October 14]] 
** [[Richard de Stapledon]], English nobleman, knight and judge
** [[Walter de Stapledon]], English nobleman and bishop (b. [[1261]])
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Hugh Despenser the Elder]], English chief adviser (b. 1261)
* [[October 31]], [[Juan de Castilla y Haro]] ("Juan the One-Eyed"), Spanish nobleman (b. [[1293]])
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel]], English nobleman and knight (b. [[1285]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Hugh Despenser the Younger]], English knight (b. [[1286]]) 
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Prince Koreyasu|Koreyasu]], Japanese nobleman and shogun (b. [[1264]])<ref>Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 561. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}.</ref>
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[David II Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl]], Scottish nobleman and constable<ref>Alexander Rose (2002). ''Kings in the North the House of Percy in British History'', p. 213. {{ISBN|1-84212-485-4}}.</ref>
* ''date unknown''
** [[Alexander of San Elpidio]], Italian friar, bishop and writer (b. [[1269]])
** [[Al-Yunini]], Syrian religious scholar, historian and writer (b. [[1242]])
** [[Amanieu VII d'Albret|Amanieu VII]], French nobleman and knight ([[Albret|House of Albret]])<ref>Labarge, Margaret Wade (1980). ''Gascony, England's First Colony 1204–1453''. London: Hamish Hamilton.</ref>
** [[David of Grodno]], Lithuanian nobleman, knight and [[castellan]]<ref>Šapoka, Adolfas (1937). "Dovydas". In Vaclovas Biržiška (ed.). ''Lietuviškoji enciklopedija'', pp. 1334–1336 (in Lithuanian). Vol. 6. Kaunas: Spaudos Fondas.</ref>
** [[John Palaiologos (Caesar)|John Palaiologos]], Byzantine nobleman and governor (b. [[1288]])
** [[John Walwayn]], English scholar, official and Lord Treasurer<ref>McNamee, Colm (2006). ''The Wars of the Bruces: Scotland, England and Ireland 1306–1328'', pp. 51–52. {{ISBN|0859766535}}.</ref>
** [[Mondino de Liuzzi]], Italian physician and anatomist (b. [[1270]])<ref>Beasley, AW (1982). "Orthopaedic aspects of mediaeval medicine". ''Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine'', pp. 970–975.</ref>
** [[Ser Petracco]], Italian jurist, chancellor and politician (b. [[1267]])
** [[Sheikh Edebali]], Ottoman judge and religious leader (b. [[1206]])
** [[William de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose|William de Braose]], Norman nobleman and knight (b. 1260)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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