Editing 1319

{{About year|1319}}
[[File:Kung Magnus Erikssons domsigill.jpg|upright=1.00|thumb|Seal of King [[Magnus Eriksson]] (1316–1374)]]
{{Year nav|1319}}
{{C14 year in topic}}

Year '''1319''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
=== January &ndash; March ===
* [[January 14]] &ndash; The [[Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke|Earl of Pembroke]] and the [[Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford|Earl of Hereford]] persuade [[Walter Reynolds]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], to consecrate [[Stephen Gravesend]] as the [[Bishop of London]].<ref>J. R. S. Phillips, ''Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, 1307-1324: Baronial Politics in the Reign of Edward II'' (Clarendon Press, 1972) p. 182</ref> 
* [[January 20]] &ndash; A convocation at York is held by order of the [[Archbishop of York|Archbishop]], [[William Melton]], after orders sent by him to the Bishops of Durham and of Carlisle on November 28, 1318 to bring all abbots, priors, archdeacons and convents in their jurisdiction to appear before him "in octabis Sancti Hilarii proxime futuris" (on the next octave of Saint Hillary).<ref>Gerald Lewis Bray, ed., ''Records of Convocation'' (Boydell Press,, 2006) pp. 15-18</ref>
* [[February 6]] &ndash; (14 Dhu al-Hijjah 718 AH) [[Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy]] and  Sayf al-Din Bahadur al-Ibrahimi, both former [[Emirs of Mecca]], are arrested by the incumbent Emir, Shams al-Din Aq Sunqur al-Nasiri and taken from Mecca to Cairo for imprisonment. Rumaythah is charged with having provided support to his brother, Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy and al-Ibrahimi is accused of allowing Humaydah to escape. Rumaythah is pardoned a month later after arriving in Cairo.
* [[March 14]] &ndash; The [[Military Order of Christ]] (''Ordem Militar de Cristo'') is established in Portugal by [[King Denis of Portugal]] after Pope John XXII issues the papal bull ''Ad ea ex quibus''. The new Order is the revival of former [[Knights Templar]] who had aided the Kingdom of Portugal in its post-war reconstruction.<ref>"Dinis, King of Portugal", by F. A. Dutra, in ''Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia'' (Routledge, 2003), p. 285</ref>

=== April &ndash; June ===
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Philip I, Prince of Taranto]], in his capacity as King of Albania, gives the title of [[Philip, Despot of Romania]] to his second eldest son Prince Philip II. Despite the mention of Romania, the despotate is a part of Albania, and the title gives rights of Philip II to [[Despotate of Epirus|Epirus]] in Greece. 
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Haakon V|King Haakon V Magnusson]] of [[Norway]] dies at the age of 49 with no sons, leaving the throne empty until the nobles can agree on his successor. Havtore Jonsson manages a guardianship government until the nobles choose [[Magnus IV of Sweden|Magnus VII Eriksson]], son of Haakon's daughter Ingeborg.<ref name=Carlquist>{{cite book |last1=Carlquist |first1=Erik |last2=Hogg |first2=Peter C. |last3=Österberg |first3=Eva |title=The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden |date=2011 |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |isbn=9789185509577 |page=257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gIK29dXvMAC&pg=PA257|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 20]] &ndash; Within the Mongol Empire, [[Özbeg Khan]] of the [[Golden Horde]] (the Mongol-controlled area of what is now Uzbekistan and Russia) fights a battle against the [[Ilkhanate]] (the Mongol-controlled Middle East) in an attempt to expand the Golden Horde's territory, with a confrontation in Ilkhanate territory at [[Mianeh, East Azerbaijan|Mianeh]] (now in Iran).<ref>"Abu Sa'id and the revolt of the amirs in 1319", by Charles P. Melville, ''L'Iran Face a la Domination Mongole'' (, ed. by Denise Aigle (Institut Franqaise de recherche en Iran, 1997) pp. 89-120</ref> The troops of [[Özbeg Khan]] are supplemented with rebels led by an Ilkhanate prince, [[Yasa'ur]]. The Ilkhan Sultan, [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan]] and his general, [[Chupan|Amir Chupan]], lead the defenders to victory and take many of the rebel officers prisoner. Afterward, 36 emirs and seven viceroys are executed for treason, including [[Qurumushi]] of Georgia and [[Irinjin]] of Anatolia. 
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Vega of Granada]]: Castilian forces of 12,000 troops, led by the regents [[Peter of Castile, Lord of Cameros|Don Pedro of Castile]] and [[John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos|Don Juan of Castile]] are defeated by a Moorish relief army at [[Granada]] during their attempt . Both regents are killed in the fighting. Pedro and Juan had summoned their Catilian vassals to assemble an expeditionary army in [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], as part of an attempt to restore the deposed Sultan Nasr to the Granadan throne.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 143. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>

=== July &ndash; September ===
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Magnus Eriksson]] is elected King of Sweden.<ref name=Carlquist/> His mother [[Ingeborg of Norway]] is given a place in the regency.
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Canonization of Thomas Aquinas]]: The taking of testimony from more than 40 witnesses is started by Bishop Uberto d'Ormont of Naples, Bishop Angelo Tignosi of Viterbo, and notary Pandulpho de Sabbello, and will continue until September 18.<ref name=Gerulaitis>"The Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas", by Leonardas Gerulaitis, ''Vivarium'' 5:25–46 (1967)</ref>
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Chios (1319)|Battle of Chios]]: A [[Knights Hospitaller]]-[[Genoa|Genoese]] fleet (some 30 ships) led by [[Albert of Schwarzburg]] defeats a Turkish fleet, off [[Chios]].
* [[August 12]] &ndash; The Duchy of Bavaria, split between two brothers since 1294, is reunited upon the death of [[Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria|Rudolf the Stammerer]], Duke of Upper Bavaria. [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Ludwig the Barbarian]], [[King of the Romans]] and Duke of Lower Bavaria. In 1328, Ludwig will later be elected the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] as Louis IV.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; At the age of 11, [[Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal|Henry the Child]] becomes the [[Margrave of Brandenburg]] in Germany upon the death of his first cousin and guardian, [[Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal|Waldemar the Great]]. Because of Henry's age, the Duke of Pomerania, [[Wartislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania|Wartislaw IV]] controls as Brandenburg as regent. Upon Henry II's death 11 months later, the [[House of Ascania]]'s dynasty over Brandenburg will come to an end.
* [[August]] &ndash; [[Magnus Eriksson]], grandson of the recently-deceased King Haakon V and already proclaimed King of Sweden, is recognized by the [[Thing (assembly)|Norwegian assembly]] as King Magnus VII of Norway, thus establishing a [[personal union]] with [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]]. 
* [[September 6]] &ndash; As a reward for his victory at the Battle of Mianeh, General Chupan of the Ilkhanate is allowed to marry [[Sati Beg]], the sister of the Ilkhanate Sultan Abu Sa'id.<ref>"ČOBĀN", by Charles Melville, ''Encyclopedia Iranica'' (1992)</ref> 
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Pope John XXII]] issues the [[papal bull]] "Imminente Nobis", declaring that the Pope has the right of appointment to all clerical offices (archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors and collegiate and monasterial leaders) in the Roman Catholic Church, ending the right of the individual chapters to elect their own leaders.<ref>Guillaume Mollat, ''Les papes d'Avignon'' ("The Popes of Avignon") (Victor Lecoffre 1912), pp. 386-399</ref>
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Myton]]: Scottish forces (some 15,000 men) led by [[James Douglas, Lord of Douglas|James the Black]], Lord Douglas, defeat an English army in an encounter known as the "Chapter of Myton" because of the large number of clergymen involved. [[David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes]], writes 460 years later, "The English were instantly routed. Three thousand were left dead on the field, and great part of fugitives drowned in [[River Swale|the Swale]]. In this action there fell three thousand ecclesiastics, [20th September.] According to the savage peasantry of those times, this rout was termed by the Scots, the ''Chapter of Mitton''."<ref name=Dalrymple>Sir David Dalrymple, ''Annals of Scotland from the Accession of Robert I'', Volume 2 (Balfour and Shellie, 1779) pp. 91-92</ref> After the battle, King [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] is forced to raise the siege at [[Berwick Castle]] and retreats south of the [[River Trent]], allowing the Scots to ravage [[Cumberland]] and [[Westmorland]] unmolested. Queen [[Isabella of France|Isabella]], who is in [[York]] at this time, manages to escape to safety at [[Nottingham]].<ref name="Armstrong, Pete 2002 p. 88">Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: ''Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory'', p. 88. {{ISBN|1-85532-609-4}}.</ref>

=== October &ndash; December ===
* [[October 17]] &ndash; Prince [[James of Aragon (monk)|Jaime of Aragon]] marries the 12-year-old Princess [[Eleanor of Castile (1307–1359)|Leonor of Castile]] at Gandesa, but announces at the conclusion of the mass that "his decision was to never rule" the [[Crown of Aragon|Kingdom of Aragon]] as a sovereign or even to remain in secular life, but to instead enter a monastery to pursue a life "under a religious rule."<ref>Paulette Lynn Pepin,''María de Molina, Queen and Regent: Life and Rule in Castile-León, 1259–1321'' (Lexington Books, 2016) p.124</ref> [[James II of Aragon|King Jaime II]] informs Leonor's grandmother (Queen Maria de Molina) of the situation on October 22, and Queen Maria demands the return of Leonor immediately. Having renounced his royal rights, Prince Jaime finds afterward that he will not be allowed to enter a monastery either.
* [[October 29]] &ndash; (Gen'ō 1, 15th day of 9th month) Nichiin of Japan's [[Daimoku]] sect refutes all other sects of Buddhism during an interrogation by the [[Kamakura shogunate]], permitting the sect to continue.
* [[November 13]] &ndash; King [[Eric VI of Denmark]] dies after a 33-year reign at [[Roskilde]], leaving a vacancy that will not be filled until the January election of his brother [[Christopher II of Denmark|Christopher II]]. During his rule, he attempts to control the routes of the [[Hanseatic League]]. The Hanse, an association of Baltic merchants, expels the English and Scots, and gains a monopoly of trade with Norway.<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 157. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> 
* [[December 21]] &ndash; Representatives of England's King Edward II and Scotland's King [[Robert the Bruce]] sign a two-year truce.<ref name=Dalrymple/> Hostilities are to cease until Christmas Day, 1321, with the Scots to build no new castles in the sheriffdoms of Berwick , Roxburgh, and Dumfries, and the English were to either transfer the Harbottle garrison in Northumberland to Scotland, or to destroy it.<ref>J. R. S. Phillips, ''Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke 1307-1324: Baronial Politics in the Reign of Edward II'' (Oxford University Press, 2018) p.187</ref> A long-term peace is still far off because of Edward's arrogant refusal to relinquish his claims of sovereignty over the Scots.<ref name="Armstrong, Pete 2002 p. 88"/>

== Births ==
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke|Laurence Hastings]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1348]])
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[John II of France|John the Good]], king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (d. [[1364]])
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Peter IV of Aragon|Peter IV]], king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] (d. [[1387]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Andrea II Muzaka]], Albanian nobleman (d. [[1372]])
** [[Charles, Duke of Brittany|Charles of Blois-Châtillon]], French nobleman (d. 1364)
** [[Giulia della Rena]], Italian nun, friar and saint (d. [[1367]])
** [[Hasan Kuchak]], Mongol nobleman and prince (d. [[1343]])
** [[Haydar Amuli]], Persian mystic and philosopher (d. [[1385]])
** [[Henry V of Iron]], Polish nobleman and knight (d. [[1369]])
** [[James I, Count of La Marche|James I]], French nobleman and ''[[prince du sang]]'' (d. [[1362]])
** [[Joan of Penthièvre]], Breton noblewoman (d. [[1384]])
** [[Kikuchi Takemitsu]], Japanese general (d. [[1373]])
** [[Leonardo Montaldo|Leonardo di Montaldo]], doge of [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] (d. 1384)
** [[María de la Cerda]], Spanish noblewoman (d. [[1375]])
** [[Märta Ulfsdotter]], Swedish noblewoman (d. [[1371]])
** [[Matteo II Visconti|Matteo II]], Italian nobleman and co-ruler (d. [[1355]])
** [[Philip III, Marquis of Namur|Philip III]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1337]])
** [[Robert Marney]], English knight and politician (d. [[1400]])
** [[Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria|Stephen II]], German nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1375)
** [[Walter Paveley]], English nobleman and knight (d. 1375)
** [[William Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre|William Dacre]], English nobleman and knight (d. [[1361]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī]], Persian scientist (b. [[1267]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Haakon V of Norway|Haakon V Magnusson]], king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (b. [[1270]])<ref>Helle, Knut (1964). ''Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319'', Universitetsforlaget. {{ISBN|82-00-01323-5}}.</ref>
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Louis, Count of Évreux|Louis of Évreux]], son of [[Philip III of France|King Philip the Bold]] (b. [[1276]])
* [[June 25]] – ([[Battle of the Vega of Granada]])
** [[John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos|John of Castile]], Spanish nobleman and prince (b. [[1262]])
** [[Peter of Castile, Lord of Cameros|Peter of Castile]], Spanish nobleman and prince (b. [[1290]])
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria|Rudolf I]], German nobleman and knight (b. [[1274]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal|Waldemar the Great]], German nobleman (b. [[1280]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Henry of Wierzbna]], Polish priest and bishop<ref>Kurt Engelbert (1969). Heinrich I. v. Würben in the New German Biography (NDB), p. 354. Vol 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. {{ISBN|3-428-00189-3}}.</ref>
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu|William Montagu]], English nobleman and knight<ref>Cokayne, George Edward (1936). ''The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden'', p. 80. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.</ref>
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Uguccione della Faggiuola]], Italian [[condottieri]]<ref>Armstrong, Edward (1932). "Italy in the Time of Dante". In Gwatkin: Henry Melvill; Whitney, James Pounder; Tanner, Joseph Robson; Previté-Orton, Charles William; Brooke, Zachary Nugent (eds.). The ''Cambridge Medieval History'', Vol. 7: Decline of Empire and Papacy. Cambridge University Press.</ref>
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[John Sandale]], English bishop and chancellor<ref>Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). ''Handbook of British Chronology'', p. 86 (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-56350-X}}.</ref>
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Simone Ballachi]], Italian monk and friar (b. [[1240]])
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Princess Bokguk|Bokguk]], Korean Grand Princess and queen<ref>Lee, Lily; Wiles, Sue eds. (2015). ''Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women'', p. 609. Vol. II. Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1-317-51562-3}}.</ref>
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Beatrice of Luxembourg]], queen of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungary]]<ref>Stanisław A. Sroka (1999). ''Genealogia Andegawenów węgierskich'', pp. 14–16 Kraków.</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Eric VI of Denmark|Eric VI Menved]], king of [[Denmark]] (b. 1274)
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Mattia de Nazarei]], Italian [[abbess]] (b. [[1253]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Agnes Haakonsdatter]], Norwegian princess (b. 1290)
** [[Andrea I Muzaka|Andrea I]], Albanian prince ([[Muzaka family|House of Muzaka]]) (b. [[1279]])
** [[Bernard VI, Count of Armagnac|Bernard VI]], French nobleman ([[House of Armagnac]])<ref>Dunbabin, Jean (2000). ''France in the making, 843–1180'', pp. 87–88. Oxford University Press.</ref>
** [[Guan Daogao|Guan Daosheng]], Chinese painter and poet (b. 1262)
** [[Ingeborg Magnusdotter of Sweden|Ingeborg Magnusdotter]], queen of Denmark (b. [[1277]])
** [[Jan Sindewint]], Flemish monk, theologian and writer
** [[Jordan Óge de Exeter]], Anglo-Irish knight and sheriff
** [[Qadi Baydawi]], Persian jurist, theologian and writer
** [[Remigio dei Girolami]], Italian theologian and writer

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1319}}
[[Category:1319| ]]