Editing 1317

{{About year|1317}}
[[File:Sacre Philippe V de France 1.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|January 9, 1317: [[Philip V of France|Philip the Tall]] is crowned as King of France and Navarre.]]
{{Year nav|1317}}
{{C14 year in topic}}
Year '''1317''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
=== January &ndash; March ===
* [[January 9]] &ndash; The 23-year-old [[Philip V of France|Philip the Tall]], younger brother of the late King [[Louis X of France]], is hastily crowned [[King of France]], as King Philip V, at [[Reims|Rheims]]. The only son of King Louis X had been born posthumously, but died after four days. Supporters of King Louis felt that his eldest daughter, [[Joan II of Navarre]], should have been crowned as the monarch. Mass protests follow in [[Artois]], [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] and [[Burgundy]]. The coronation of a brother, instead of the eldest daughter, as the successor to the throne sets the precedent for the [[Salic law]], providing that the eldest male heir inherits the throne.<ref>Jordan, William Chester (2005). ''Unceasing Strife, Unending Fear: Jacques de Therines and the Freedom of the Church in the Age of the Last Capetians'', p. 69. Princeton University Press.</ref><ref>Wagner, John. A. (2006). ''Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War'', p. 250. Westport: Greenwood Press.</ref> Philip V reorganizes the French army by extending the military obligations of the realm. Each town and castellany is responsible for providing a specified number of fully equipped troops – such as sergeants and infantry militias, while towns in economically advanced areas like [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] become a major source of men and money. At the same time, the ''arriére ban'' (military recruitment) is generally commuted in favour for taxation.<ref>David Nicolle (2000). Osprey: ''Crécy 1346 – Triumph of the Longbow'', p. 22. {{ISBN|1-85532-966-2}}.</ref>
* [[February 1]] &ndash; [[Manuel Pessanha]] of [[Genoa]] is appointed as the first Chief [[Admiral of Portugal]] (''Almirante-mor'') by [[Denis of Portugal|King Denis]], and charged with organizing a permanent navy for the kingdom, with 20 warships and hiring Genoese captains to recruit sailors. The organization of the [[Portuguese Navy|Portuguese Royal Navy]] is completed by December 12.
* [[February 16]] &ndash; (10th day of 1st month of 6 [[Shōwa (1312–1317)|Shōwa]]) An earthquake of estimated 7.0 magnitude strikes [[Kyoto]]. On February 22, an aftershock of 6.0 magnitude follows the first quake.  
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Pope John XXII]] admonishes King [[Frederick III of Sicily]] to take severe measures against the [[Fraticelli]], the Spiritual Franciscans who have broken with the Roman Catholic Church doctrine. 
* [[March 17]] &ndash; In Germany, [[Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal|Waldemar the Great]] becomes the sole ruler of the reunited [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] upon the death of his cousin, [[John V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel]]. Waldemar had been the Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal since 1308.
* [[March 23]] &ndash; In France, [[Hugues Géraud]], the Roman Catholic Bishop of [[Cahors]], is arrested along with plotting to assassinate Pope John XXII (with poisoned bread) and to use evil magic against him and two of his advisors, [[Bertrand du Pouget]] and [[Gaucelme de Jean]]. Following a trial, Géraud is convicted of witchcraft and sacrilege, and executed on August 30.
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Pope John XXII]] claims imperial rights of government in [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] for the papacy. He erects the dioceses of [[Diocese of Luçon|Luçon]], [[Ancient Diocese of Maillezais|Maillezais]], and [[Diocese of Tulle|Tulle]] and issues the [[decretal]] ''[[Spondent Pariter]]'' prohibiting [[alchemy]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 157. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>

=== April &ndash; June ===
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Louis of Toulouse]] is canonized as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church by Pope John XXII.
* [[April 11]] &ndash; In [[Italy]]'s [[Republic of Massa]], coinage is resumed by arrangement of the Republic and of the Benzi family.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.massamarittima.info/storia/moneta.htm|title=La moneta coniata a Massa Marittima|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309003633/http://www.massamarittima.info/storia/moneta.htm|archive-date=9 March 2019|url-status=usurped|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[April 27]] &ndash; John XXII orders the [[Fraticelli|Spiritual Franciscans]], including the French priest [[Bernard Délicieux]], to come to [[Avignon]] and answer for their disobedience.<ref name=Galuszka>Tomasz Gałuszka and Pawel Kras, ''The Beguines of Medieval Świdnica: The Interrogation of the Daughters of Odelindis'' (York Medieval Press, 2023) p.45, citing "Arnau de Vilanova and the Franciscan Spirtiuals in Sicily", by C. R. Backman, ''Franciscan Studies'' 50 (1990), pp.3-29</ref> Upon arrival, Délicieux is arrested and interrogated.<ref>O'Shea, Stephen (2011). ''The Friar of Carcassonne'', p. 184. Vancouver, BC, Canada: Douglas & McIntyre. {{ISBN|978-1-55365-551-0}}.</ref>
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Edward II of England|King Edward II]] restores the dower lands that had been surrendered by [[Margaret de Clare]], widow of [[Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall|Piers Gaveston]].<ref>G. E. Cokayne, ed., ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Eardley to Spalding to Goojerat'' (St. Catherine Press, 1926) p.715</ref>
* [[May 22]] &ndash; Pursuant to the papal order of April 27, the first of the Spiritual Franciscans (''Fraticelli'') appear before Pope John XXII to be confronted over their disobedience.<ref>N. R. Havely, ''Dante and the Franciscans: Poverty and the Papacy in the 'Commedia'' (Cambridge University Press, 2004) pp.164-165</ref>
* [[June 13]] &ndash; Cardinal [[Jacques de Via]], Bishop of Avignon and nephew of Pope John XXII, is found dead. A court will conclude on August 30 that de Via was murdered by [[witchcraft]].
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Thawun Gyi]], Burmese [[List of rulers of Toungoo|monarch]] of the principality of [[Toungoo]], is assassinated by his younger brother, [[Thawun Nge]], who takes his place.

=== July &ndash; September ===
* [[July 5]] &ndash; Mongol Prince [[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan]] becomes the ruler of the [[Ilkhanate]], the Mongol-controlled area of the Middle East.<ref>Julian Raby and Teresa Fitzherbert, ''The Court of the Il-Khans, 1290-1340'' (University of Oxford, 1996) p.201</ref>
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Alexander de Bicknor]] is consecrated by the Pope as the [[Archbishop of Dublin]].
*[[August 21]] &ndash; [[Hugues Géraud]], the Catholic Bishop of Cahors who is implicated in a plot to assassinate [[Pope John XXII]], is personally questioned by the Pope. Géraud is convicted on August 30 of witchcraft, sacrilege and the June 13 murder of Cardinal [[Jacques de Via]], and is burned at the stake as punishment.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; Near [[Rushyford]] in County Durham, English knight [[Gilbert Middleton]] begins a rebellion against King Edward II. Middleton attacks and takes hostage the newly elected Bishop of Durham, [[Louis de Beaumont]], Louis' brother [[Henry de Beaumont]], and two cardinals, [[Gauscelin de Jean]] and [[Luca Fieschi]]. The cardinals are set free, while the Beaumonts are imprisoned at [[Mitford Castle]] for the next seven weeks.<ref name=Prestwich>"Middleton, Sir Gilbert", by Michael Prestwich, in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford University Press, 2004)</ref>

=== October &ndash; December ===
* [[October 7]] &ndash; Pope John XXII issues the bull ''Quorundam exigit'', imposing a more lenient treatment of supporters of the Franciscan cause of "unconditional poverty".<ref name=Galuszka/>
* [[October 17]] &ndash; Sir [[Gilbert Middleton]] releases the Bishop of Durham, [[Louis de Beaumont]], and the bishop's brother Henry after being paid a ransom of 500 marks (2,000 troy ounces) of silver.<ref name=Prestwich/>
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[William II, Duke of Athens|William II]], son of King [[Frederick III of Sicily]], becomes the new [[Duke of Athens]] upon the death of his older brother, [[Manfred, Duke of Athens|Manfred of Sicily]].
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Yahballaha III]], Patriarch of the [[Church of the East]] in Byzantium, dies after serving 26 years as leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church. [[Timothy II of Seleucia-Ctesiphon]] will be elected to succeed him.
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Templin]]: After ending the war between the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] and [[Denmark]], Brandenburg is forced to negotiate a truce. King [[Eric VI of Denmark|Eric VI]], his ally Duke [[Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg|Henry the Lion]] and [[Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal|Waldemar the Great]] sign a peace treaty in [[Templin]]. Brandenburg agrees to transfer [[Burg Stargard]] and [[Wesenberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|Arnsberg]] castle to [[Mecklenburg]]. They also surrender the territories of [[Lands of Schlawe and Stolp|Schlawe-Stolp]], located on the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic coast]], to [[Duchy of Pomerania|Pomerania]].<ref>Wolf-Dieter Mohrmann (1972). ''Der Landfriede im Ostseeraum während des späten Mittelalters'', p. 95. Lassleben. {{ISBN|3-7847-4002-2}}.</ref><ref>Siegfried Schwanz (2002). ''Kleinzerlang 1752–2002'', p. 15. Edition Rieger. {{ISBN|3-935231-25-3}}.</ref>
* [[December 11]] &ndash; King [[Birger, King of Sweden|Birger Magnusson]] has his brothers, Dukes [[Eric Magnusson (duke)|Eric Magnusson]] and [[Valdemar, Duke of Finland|Valdemar Magnusson]], captured and thrown into a dungeon during the [[Nyköping Banquet]] – as a revenge for their imprisonment of him in the [[Håtuna games]] (see [[1306]]). As the brothers soon starve to death in the dungeon, their followers rebel against Birger, throwing [[Sweden]] into civil war.
* [[December 12]] &ndash; The [[Portuguese Navy|Portuguese Royal Navy]], with 20 warships, is created by order of [[Denis of Portugal|King Denis]]. The Navy has 20 armed [[galley]]s as warships, under the command of Admiral [[Manuel Pessanha]] and will celebrate its 700th anniversary in 2017 as the [[List of navies|oldest continuously serving navy in the world]].

===Date unknown===
* A Hungarian document mentions for the first time [[Basarab I of Wallachia|Basarab I]] as leader of [[Wallachia]] (historians estimate he was on the throne since about [[1310]]). Basarab will become the first [[voivode]] of Wallachia as an independent state, and founder of the [[House of Basarab]] (until [[1352]]).<ref>Djuvara, Neagu (2014). ''A Brief Illustrated History of Romanians'', p. 74. Humanitas. {{ISBN|978-973-50-4334-6}}.</ref>
* The [[Great Famine of 1315–1317]] comes to an end. Crop harvests return to normal – but it will be another five years before food supplies are completely replenished in [[Northern Europe]]. Simultaneously, the people are so weakened by diseases such as [[pneumonia]], [[bronchitis]], and [[tuberculosis]]. Historians debate the toll, but it is estimated that 10–25% of the population of many cities and towns dies.<ref>Ruiz, Teofilo F. "Medieval Europe: Crisis and Renewal". ''An Age of Crisis: Hunger''. The Teaching Company. {{ISBN|1-56585-710-0}}.</ref>

== Births ==
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Isabel de Verdun, Baroness Ferrers of Groby|Isabel de Verdun]], English noblewoman ([[de Clare|House of Clare]]) (d. [[1349]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Blanche of Valois]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (d. [[1348]])
** [[Euphemia of Sweden]], Swedish noblewoman and princess (d. [[1370]])
** [[Coloman, Bishop of Győr|Coloman]], Hungarian [[Nobility|nobleman]], prince, [[prelate]] and bishop (d. [[1375]])
** [[Godfrey de Foljambe]], English nobleman and [[Lord Chief Justice of Ireland|Chief Justice]] (d. [[1376]])
** [[Ichijō Tsunemichi]], Japanese nobleman (''[[kugyō]]'') and regent (d. [[1365]])
** [[John, Duke of Randazzo|John II]], Sicilian nobleman and prince ([[House of Barcelona]]) (d. 1348)
** [[Michael Szécsényi]], Hungarian nobleman, cleric and bishop (d. [[1377]]) 
** [[Ralph de Spigurnell]], English nobleman, knight and admiral (d. [[1373]])
** [[Vuk Kosača]], Bosnian nobleman (''[[knyaz]]''), [[magnate]] and ruler (d. [[1359]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Brinolfo Algotsson]], Swedish bishop and theologian (b. [[1240]])
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Robert, Count of Clermont|Robert de Clermont]], French nobleman and prince (b. [[1256]])
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Ralph Fitzwilliam]], English nobleman and knight (b. 1256)
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol|Guy IV]], French nobleman and [[Grand Butler of France|Grand Butler]] ([[House of Châtillon]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Nitchō]], Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] monk, cleric and scholar (b. [[1252]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Agnes of Montepulciano]], Italian prioress and saint (b. [[1268]])<ref>Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John (1993). ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints''. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books. {{ISBN|0-14-051312-4}}.</ref>
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Guy of Avesnes]], French bishop ([[Avesnes family|House of Avesnes]]) (b. [[1253]]) 
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Thawun Gyi]], Burmese founder and ruler of [[Toungoo dynasty|Toungoo]] (b. [[1258]])
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Henry of Harclay]], English philosopher and [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] (b. [[1270]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Bernard de Castanet]], French diplomat and bishop (b. 1240)
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Viola of Teschen]], queen consort of Bohemia and [[Poland]] 
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]], Japanese emperor and calligrapher (b. [[1265]])<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', p. 422. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|194887}}.</ref><ref>Varley, H. Paul (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns'', p. 241. New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}.</ref>
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Alice of Hainault]], French noblewoman (House of Avesnes) 
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Manfred, Duke of Athens|Manfred of Sicily]], Sicilian nobleman and prince (b. [[1306]]) 
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Yahballaha III]], Turkic patriarch of the [[Church of the East]] 
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Yishan Yining]], Chinese monk and calligrapher (b. [[1247]])
* [[December 15]] &ndash; [[Maria of Bytom]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungary]] and [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]]
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Jean de Joinville]], French historian and writer (b. [[1224]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Dujam II Frankopan|Dujam II]], Croatian nobleman and [[Oligarch (Kingdom of Hungary)|oligarch]] ([[Frankopan family|House of Frankopan]])
** [[Gerard of Bologna]], Italian [[Carmelites|Carmelite]] theologian and philosopher
** [[Guillemette of Neufchâtel]], Swiss noblewoman (''[[suo jure]]'') (b. [[1260]])
** [[Irene of Montferrat|Irene Violante of Montferrat]], Byzantine empress consort (b. [[1274]])
** [[John I Orsini]], Latin nobleman, knight and ruler ([[Orsini family|House of Orsini]])
** [[John V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel|John the Illustrious]], German nobleman and knight (b. [[1302]])
** [[Malise III, Earl of Strathearn|Malise III of Strathearn]], Scottish nobleman and politician (b. [[1257]])
** [[Parsoma]] ("the Naked"), Egyptian Coptic [[hermit]] and saint (b. 1257)
** [[Ram Khamhaeng|Ram Khamhaeng the Great]], Tai ruler of [[Sukhothai Kingdom|Sukhothai]] (b. [[1239]])
** [[Robert of Burgundy (died 1317)|Robert of Burgundy]], French nobleman and knight (b. [[1300]])
** [[Roger Brabazon]], English lawyer and Chief Justice (b. 1247)
** [[Stephen de Dunnideer]], English bishop-elect
** [[Tolberto III da Camino|Tolberto III]], Italian nobleman ([[Da Camino|House of Caminesi]]) (b. [[1263]])
** [[Wolfert II van Borselen]], Dutch nobleman and knight (b. [[1280]])

== References ==
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