Editing 1288

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1288}}
{{Year nav|1288}}
{{C13 year in topic}}
[[File:Minnesten på Högbrobacke.jpg|thumb|Commemorative stone over the [[War in Gotland (1288)|civil war in Gotland 1288.]]]]
[[File:Battle of Worringen 1288.PNG|upright=1.35|thumb|Illustration of the [[Battle of Worringen]]

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Year '''1288''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCLXXXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
 
==== Europe ====
* [[War on Gotland 1288|A civil war]] breaks out on [[Gotland]] between the burghers of [[Visby]] and the rural farmers of Gotland; while the exact reason for this war is unknown, the most likely reason is the construction of a large wall around Visby, and the introduction of a toll, which the farmers were forced to pay.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Starbäck |first=Carl Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNJJAQAAMAAJ&dq=slaget+vid+h%C3%B6gebro&pg=PA489 |title=Berättelser ur svenska historien: Sagoåldern. Medeltiden I., till Kalmare-unionen |date=1885 |publisher=F. & G. Beijers |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inbördeskriget 1288 |url=https://www.guteinfo.com/?id=1899 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.guteinfo.com}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[War of the Limburg Succession]] &ndash; [[Battle of Worringen]]: Brabantian forces under Duke [[John I, Duke of Brabant|John I]] defeat the coalition army of [[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]], [[County of Luxemburg|Luxemburg]], and [[Duchy of Nassau|Nassau]] at [[Worringen]] (in a struggle to conquer the [[Duchy of Limburg]]). John liberates the city of [[Cologne]] from rule by the [[Electorate of Cologne]], which has previously been one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>Boffa, S. 2004. Warfare in medieval Brabant: 1356–1406. Coll.: "Warfare in History", Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, p. 289.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; Sultan [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad II]] drives the rebellious [[Banu Ashqilula]] from one stronghold to the next, where they are finally expelled from Granadan territory in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]). Meanwhile, Muhammad manages through diplomatic intrigue, to turn the Castilian aristocracy against King [[Sancho IV of Castile|Sancho IV]]. In response, King [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso III]] proclaims the 18-year-old [[Alfonso de la Cerda]] as ruler of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]].<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', pp. 95–96. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Nicholas IV|Nicholas IV]] proclaims a crusade against the 26-year-old King [[Ladislaus IV of Hungary|Ladislaus IV]], who had lost credibility by favoring his semi-pagan Cuman subjects in [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]], and in general refusing to conform to the social standards of [[Western Europe]]. Meanwhile, the Hungarian government loses more power because the clergy and most of the nobles rule the kingdom independently.<ref>Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526'', p. 109. Tauris Publishers. {{ISBN|1-86064-061-3}}.</ref><ref>Kontler, László (1999). ''Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary'', p. 84. Atlantisz Publishing House. {{ISBN|963-9165-37-9}}.</ref>
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Canfranc]]: King [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] signs an agreement with Alfonso III at [[Canfranc]], about the release of [[Charles II of Naples|Charles II]], who has been captured by Admiral [[Roger of Lauria]] in the [[Battle of the Gulf of Naples]] (see [[1284]]).<ref>Runciman, Steven (1958). ''The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century'', p. 246. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-1-107-60474-2}}.</ref>

==== England & Scotland ====
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Newcastle Emlyn Castle]] in West [[Wales]] is recaptured by the English forces after a ten-day siege, bringing [[Rhys ap Maredudd]]'s revolt to an end. Rhys is exiled to [[Ireland]].<ref>Ashley, Mike. ''The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens'', Robinson Publishing (1999), p. 344–345.</ref>
* The [[Parliament of Scotland]] creates a law allowing women to propose marriage to men during [[leap year]]s; men who refuse such proposals are required to pay a fine to the spurned bride-to-be.

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] orders Admiral [[Benedetto I Zaccaria|Benedetto Zaccaria]] to send five galleys to support Genoese suzerainty of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]]. Princess [[Lucia, Countess of Tripoli|Lucia]], sister of the late Count [[Bohemond VII of Antioch|Bohemond VII]], arrives in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], where the [[Knights Hospitaller]] escort her to the frontier with Tripoli. The [[Medieval commune|commune]] refuses to accept her as new ruler and places the city under Genoese protection. After negotiations, Lucia offers to confirm Genoa's existing commercial privileges in Tripoli.<ref>David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: ''Acre 1291 - Bloody sunset of the Crusader states'', p. 17. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-862-5}}.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)|Battle of Bạch Đằng]]: [[Đại Việt]] ([[Vietnam]]ese) general [[Trần Hưng Đạo]] sinks the fleet of an invading Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary army (some 94,000 men). He orders the placing of steel-tipped bamboo stakes (to create an ambush) in the [[Bach Dang River]] near [[Ha Long Bay]]. This ends the intentions of [[Kublai Khan]] to conquer Vietnam and [[Champa]].<ref>Elleman, Bruce A. (2012). ''China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368: A Preliminary Survey of the Maritime Expansion and Naval Exploits of the Chinese People During the Southern Song and Yuan Periods'', pp. 236–237. Naval War College: NUS Press, {{ISBN|9789971695057}}.</ref>
* April &ndash; The Japanese era [[Kōan (Kamakura period)|Kōan]] ends and the [[Shōō (Kamakura period)|Shōō]] era begins during the reign of the 22-year-old Emperor [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] (until [[1293]]).<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kōan''" in Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 535'', p. 535, at [[Google Books]]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at [[archive.today]].</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Art and Culture ====
* The oldest surviving [[bell (instrument)|bell]], in the clocks atop the dome of [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in [[Rome]], is built.
* Work is begun on the construction of [[Mob Quad]] in [[Merton College, Oxford]].

==== Markets ====
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[List of bishops of Västerås|Petrus]], bishop of [[Diocese of Västerås|Västerås]], buys 1/8 of the [[Falun Mine|Stora Kopparberg]] copper mine in [[Falun]], [[Sweden]]. During the reign of King [[Magnus III of Sweden|Magnus III]], nobles and foreign merchants from [[Lübeck]] take interests in the mining area.
* The Flemish city of [[Ghent]] seeks rights to start redeeming its already issued annuities. It is a clear indication of financial difficulty, and maybe an early sign of the crisis of the 13th Century.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=506–562}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* [[February 22]] &ndash; Nicholas IV is elected as the successor of the late [[Pope Honorius IV|Honorius IV]] (see [[1287]]) during a [[1287–1288 papal election|conclave]] in Rome and becomes the 191st pope of the [[Catholic Church]].
* March&ndash;April &ndash; [[Rabban Bar Sauma]], Chinese Nestorian monk and diplomat, arrives at Rome and is received by Nicholas IV, who gives him communion on [[Palm Sunday]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Rabban Bar Sauma". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', p. 767. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</ref>

==== Technology ====
* The oldest-known [[bronze]] [[handgun]] in the world is dated to this year, a Chinese gun found in [[Acheng District]], that was once used to suppress the rebellion of the Mongol prince [[Nayan (Mongol prince)|Nayan]].<ref>Chase, Kenneth Warren (2003). ''Firearms: A Global History to 1700''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82274-9}}, p. 32.</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Robert Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle of Rougemont|Robert Lisle]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1344]])
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Fushimi|Go-Fushimi]], emperor ([[Emperor of Japan|''tenno'']]) of [[Japan]] (d. [[1336]])
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Ivan I of Moscow|Ivan I]], Grand Duke of [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Moscow]]  (d. [[1341]])
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Daigo|Go-Daigo]], emperor of Japan (d. [[1339]])
* [[Adolph II de la Marck (bishop)|Adolph II de la Marck]], French prince-bishop (d. 1344)
* [[Blanche of Burgundy, Countess of Savoy|Blanche of Burgundy]], French noblewoman (d. [[1348]])
* [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] ([[Capetian House of Anjou|House of Anjou]]) (d. [[1342]])
* [[Gersonides]], French Jewish mathematician (d. 1344)
* [[Guillaume I de Coucy|Guillaume I]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1335]])
* [[John of Beaumont]], Dutch nobleman and knight (d. [[1356]])
* [[Mahmoud Shabestari]], Persian poet and writer (d. [[1340]])
* [[Nicholas II, Duke of Opava|Nicholas II]], German nobleman and chamberlain (d. [[1365]])
* [[Nicolas Béhuchet]], French nobleman and admiral (d. 1340)
* [[Nijō Michihira]], Japanese nobleman and advisor (d. 1335)
* [[Pedro Afonso, Count of Barcelos|Pedro Afonso]], Portuguese nobleman and knight (d. [[1350]])
* [[Philip of Majorca]], Aragonese prince and [[regent]] (d. [[1343]])
* [[Pierre Desprès]], French cardinal and diplomat (d. [[1361]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Henry III, Margrave of Meissen|Henry III]] ('''the Illustrious'''), German nobleman
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Gertrude of Austria]], Austrian noblewoman (b. [[1226]])
* [[June 5]] 
** [[Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg|Henry VI]], count of [[Luxembourg]] ('''the Condemned''')
** [[Waleran I, Lord of Ligny|Waleran I]], French nobleman ([[House of Luxembourg]])
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Lope Díaz III de Haro|Lope Díaz III]], Spanish nobleman and knight (b. [[1245]])
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Siegfried IV von Algertshausen|Siegfried IV]], German nobleman and prince-bishop
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Stephen de Fulbourn]], English archbishop and politician 
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Alix of Brittany, Dame de Pontarcy|Alix of Brittany]] (or '''Blois'''), Breton noblewoman (b. [[1243]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[Agnes of Dampierre]], French noblewoman (b. [[1237]]) 
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Matilda of Brabant, Countess of Artois|Matilda of Brabant]], French noblewoman (b. [[1224]])
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Leszek II the Black|Leszek II]] ('''the Black'''), Polish nobleman (b. [[1241]])
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Beatrice of Brabant]], countess of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] (b. [[1225]])
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Rudolf I, Margrave of Baden-Baden|Rudolf I]], German nobleman and [[regent]] (b. [[1230]])
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Ibn al-Nafis]], Syrian scholar and [[polymath]] (b. [[1213]])
* [[Guillaume III des Porcellets|Guillaume III]], French nobleman, [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]] and knight (b. [[1217]])
* [[Matilda of Holstein]] (or '''Mechthild'''), queen consort of [[Denmark]]
* [[Shang Ting]], Chinese calligrapher, poet and writer (b. [[1209]])
* [[Tikkana|Tikkana Somayaji]], Indian Prime-Minister and poet (b. [[1205]])
* [[Wang Qinghui]], Chinese [[Concubinage|concubine]], poet and writer (b. [[1264]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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