Editing 1283

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
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[[File:Roger de Llúria.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Roger of Lauria]] (c. 1245–1305)]]
Year '''1283''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCLXXXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Rheinfelden]]: The 11-year-old [[Rudolf II, Duke of Austria|Rudolf II]] is forced to relinquish his claim on the Duchies of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] and [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]] to his elder brother, [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]]. According to the terms of the agreement, concluded at the [[Free imperial city|Imperial City]] of [[Rheinfelden (Aargau)|Rheinfelden]] (modern [[Switzerland]]), Rudolf receives some territories in [[Further Austria]] in return. 
* [[June 29]] &ndash; Sultan [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq]] sets out for a punitive expedition and marches from [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] to [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]] and [[Úbeda]], and then northwards through difficult terrain. On the third day after crossing ''al-burt'', the Marinid forces attack [[Montiel]] (a fortress belonging to the [[Order of Santiago]]) and [[Almedina]].<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 86. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Battle of Malta]]: An Aragonese fleet (some 20 galleys) under Admiral [[Roger of Lauria]] attacks and defeats the Angevin ships in the [[Grand Harbour]], sent to help put down a rebellion on [[Malta]]. Lauria lands his troops at the harbour and after two days raises his banner on the fortified city of [[Mdina]] ("Old City"). 
* The first regulated [[Catalan Courts]] are reunited by King [[Peter III of Aragon|Peter III]], for the whole [[Principality of Catalonia]]. It became one of the first medieval parliaments that bans the royal power to create legislation unilaterally.
* King [[Philip III of France]] ("the Bold") outlaws Jews from residence in the small villages and rural localities of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]], causing a mass migration.
* An [[List of earthquakes in Georgia (country)|earthquake]] destroys two thirds of the cave city of [[Vardzia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref>Gaprindashvili, Ghivi (1975). ''Ancient Monuments of Georgia: Vardzia'', pp. 7–25 (in English, Russian and Georgian). Aurora Art Publishers, Leningrad. {{ISBN|978-1-135-68320-7}}.</ref>

==== British Isles ====
* [[January 2]] &ndash; Most of [[Dublin]], including [[St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin|St. Patrick's Cathedral]], is burned in a fire.<ref name=Fires>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', p. 27. Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876).</ref>
* [[January 18]] &ndash; King [[Edward I of England]] ("Longshanks") captures [[Dolwyddelan Castle]] in [[North Wales]] from the Welsh.
* [[April 25]] &ndash; The last independent Welsh stronghold, [[Castell y Bere]], is surrendered by [[Cynfrig ap Madog]] to the English.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=90–91|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[June 28]] &ndash; A [[parliament of England]] summoned by Edward I to assemble at [[Shrewsbury Abbey]] to decide the fate of the Welsh prince [[Dafydd ap Gruffydd]] (captured on June 22) is the first to include commoners.
* [[October 3]] &ndash; The last ruler of an independent Wales, [[Dafydd ap Gruffydd]] (David), [[Prince of Wales]], is executed in [[Shrewsbury]],<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|first=Hywel|last=Williams|year=2005|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|page=149|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref> the first prominent person in history to be [[hanged, drawn and quartered]], as [[capital punishment]] for the newly created crime of [[High treason in the United Kingdom|high treason]] (against Edward I of England).<ref>{{cite book|last=Bellamy|first=J. G.|title=The Law of Treason in England in the Later Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/lawoftreasoninen0000bell|url-access=registration|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1970|isbn=0-521-07830-X}}</ref>
* [[Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd]]: Construction of [[Caernarfon Castle]], [[Conwy Castle]] and [[Harlech Castle]] in Wales by Edward I of England begins as a system of defenses against possible future Welsh uprisings.

==== Levant ====
* June &ndash; [[Qalawun]] ("the Victorious"), Mamluk ruler of [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]], signs a peace treaty for 10 years with the [[Crusader states|Crusader States]] at [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]]. It guarantees the Crusaders the possession of the territory from the [[Ladder of Tyre]], north of [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], to [[Mount Carmel]] and [[Château Pèlerin|Atlit]]. But [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] and [[Beirut]] are excluded. The right of free [[pilgrimage]] to [[Nazareth]] is permitted for the Christians.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 329. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>

==== Africa ====
* [[Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I]], ruler of the [[Hafsid dynasty|Hafsid Sultanate]], is overthrown by the [[Bedouin]] rebellion, led by Abd al-Aziz I.<ref>{{cite book|last=Meynier|first=Gilbert|title=L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)|year=2010|publisher=La Découverte|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-7071-5231-2|page=161}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[February 13]]&ndash;[[February 14|14]] &ndash; [[Battle of Thị Nại Bay]]: A Mongol-led [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] expeditionary force (some 5,000 men) lands on the beach, near [[Champa]]'s capital [[Vijaya (Champa)|Vijaya]] in [[Vietnam]]. Despite being outnumbered, the Yuan invaders break the Cham defensive line and force King [[Indravarman V]] to retreat to the [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Western Highlands]], where he wages a successful guerrilla campaign against the occupying Yuan forces.<ref>Delgado, James P. (2008). ''Khubilai Khan's Lost Fleet: In Search of a Legendary Armada'', p. 158. Douglas & McIntyre. {{ISBN|978-0-520-25976-8}}.</ref>
* [[First Mongol invasion of Burma|Mongol invasion of Burma]]: Mongol forces besiege the fortress at Ngasaunggyan on [[September 23]]. The Burmese garrison withstands the siege for two months, but finally falls to the invaders on [[December 3]]. The defeat breaks the morale of the Burmese defenses. Kaungsin, the next fortress in line, falls just six days later.<ref>Coedès, George (1968). ''The Indianized States of South-East Asia'', pp. 193–194. University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|978-0-824-80368-1}}.</ref> 
* Mongol forces invade the [[Khmer Empire]] (modern [[Cambodia]]). King [[Jayavarman VIII]] decides to pay [[tribute]] rather than fight the invasion, buying peace and preserving the empire.<ref>Coedès, George (1968). ''The Indianized States of South-East Asia'', pp. 127–128. University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|978-0-824-80368-1}}.</ref>
* [[Ram Khamhaeng]], ruler of the [[Sukhothai Kingdom]], creates the [[Thai script|Thai alphabet]] during his reign (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== The arts, culture and literature ====
* The ''[[Libro de los juegos]]'', an early [[Europe]]an treatise on board games (including [[chess]], [[dice]], and a version of [[backgammon]]), is commissioned by King [[Alfonso X of Castile]] ("the Wise") (approximate date).
* [[Ramon Llull]], Spanish theologian, writes ''[[Blanquerna]]'', the first major work of literature written in [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and perhaps [[Novel#Antecedents of the European Novel|the first European novel]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Robert M. Place|first=Robert M.|last=Place|title=Buddha Tarot|publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide|year=2004|page=56}}</ref>

==== Markets ====
* The German city of [[Goslar]] starts making efforts to redeem its already issued [[annuities]], a sure indication of financial difficulty, and maybe an early sign of the 13th century crisis.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Munro|first=John H.|title=The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution|journal=The International History Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=506–562}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Margaret, Maid of Norway]], queen-designate of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (d. [[1290]])
* [[Anthony de Lucy]] (or Luci), English [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1343]])
* [[Fujiwara no Kinshi]], Japanese empress consort and nun (d. [[1352]])
* [[Galvano Fiamma]], Italian [[Order of Preachers|Dominican]] friar and chronicler (d. [[1344]])
* [[Isabella of Castile, Queen of Aragon|Isabella of Castile]], queen consort of Aragon, daughter of [[Sancho IV of Castile|Sancho IV]] ("the Brave") (d. [[1328]])
* [[John of Charolais]] (or Clermont), French nobleman (d. [[1322]])
* [[Matteo Villani]], Italian historian, chronicler and writer (d. [[1363]])
* [[Shuho Myocho]], Japanese teacher and [[Zen]] Master (d. [[1338]])
* [[Siemowit II of Masovia]], Polish nobleman and prince (d. [[1345]])
* [[Yoshida Kenkō]], Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] monk and writer (d. [[1350]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Wen Tianxiang]], Chinese poet and politician (b. [[1236]])
* February/March &ndash; [[Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan]], Zayyanid ruler of [[Kingdom of Tlemcen|Tlemcen]] (b. [[1206]])
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Joseph I of Constantinople]] (''Galesiotes''), Byzantine [[abbot]] and patriarch
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway]], the Maid of Scotland, queen consort of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (b. [[1261]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[John Bradfield (bishop)|John Bradfield]], English bishop and [[precentor]] 
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Robert of Holy Island]], English Benedictine monk and bishop
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Blanche of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany]], Breton noblewoman (b. [[1226]])
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Princess Kuniko]] (or Hoshi), Japanese empress (b. [[1209]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Dafydd ap Gruffydd]], Welsh prince (b. [[1238]])
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Peter of Castile, Lord of Ledesma]], Spanish prince (''[[infante]]'') (b. [[1260]])
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[John I of Werle]], German nobleman ([[House of Mecklenburg]]) 
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[John of Montfort, Lord of Tyre]], Outremer nobleman and knight
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[John of Vercelli]], Italian [[Master of the Order of Preachers|Master General]] (b. [[1205]])
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[Richard of Ware]], English abbot and theologian 
* [[December 15]] &ndash; [[Philip I, Latin Emperor|Philip I]] (or Courtenay), Latin Emperor of Constantinople (b. [[1243]])
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Manuel of Castile]], Spanish nobleman (b. [[1234]])
* [[Abutsu-ni]], Japanese noblewoman, nun, poet and writer (b. [[1222]])
* [[Ata-Malik Juvayni]], Persian ruler, historian and writer (b. 1226)
* [[Hermann III, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde|Hermann III]], German nobleman ([[House of Ascania]]) (b. [[1230]])
* [[Siraj al-Din Urmavi]], Ayyubid scholar and philosopher (b. [[1198]])
* [[Xie Daoqing]], Chinese empress consort and [[regent]] (b. [[1210]])
* [[Yolanda of Vianden]], Luxembourgian nun and prioress (b. [[1231]])
* [[Zakariya al-Qazwini]], Persian astronomer and writer (b. [[1203]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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