Editing 1270

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1270}}
{{Year nav|1270}}
{{C13 year in topic}}[[File:Rock of Cashel-castle interior.jpg|thumb|The cathedral atop the Rock of Cashel in Ireland was completed in 1270.]]Year '''1270''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCLXX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1270th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD) designations, the 270th year of the [[2nd millennium]], the 70th year of the [[13th century]], and the 1st year of the [[1270s]] decade.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== Africa ===

==== The Eighth Crusade====
* Before [[August]] &ndash; King [[Louis IX of France]] launches the [[Eighth Crusade]], in an attempt to recapture the [[crusader states|Crusader States]] from the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] sultan [[Baibars]]; the opening engagement is a siege of [[Tunis]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAbaJ3EbWjUC&q=eighth+crusade+1270&pg=PA14|title=The 14th and Final Crusade to the Middle East: Crusades from the 11th Century to the 21st Century|last=Conte|first=Joseph J.|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2008|isbn=9781452055466|location=Bloomington, IN|pages=14|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 25]] &ndash; King Louis IX of France dies while besieging the city of Tunis, possibly due to poor quality drinking water.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59A6AgAAQBAJ&q=Louis+IX+1270&pg=PT94|title=The Sanctity of Louis IX: Early Lives of Saint Louis by Geoffrey of Beaulieu and William of Chartres|last1=of Beaulieu|first1=Geoffrey|last2=of Chartres|first2=William|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780801469138|editor-last=Gaposchkin|editor-first=M. Cecilia|location=Ithaca and London|pages=10|language=en|translator-last=Field|translator-first=Larry F.|editor2-last=Field|editor2-first=Sean L.}}</ref>
* [[October 30]] &ndash; The siege of Tunis and the Eighth Crusade end, through an agreement between [[Charles I of Sicily]] (Louis IX's brother) and [[Muhammad I al-Mustansir]], Khalif of [[Tunis]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFfrBgAAQBAJ&q=1270+siege+of+tunis&pg=PA140|title=Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present|last=Ross|first=Jeffrey Ian|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781317461098|location=London and New York|pages=140|language=en}}</ref>

==== Other events ====
* [[August 10]] (10 Nehasé 1262) &ndash; [[Yekuno Amlak]] overthrows the [[Ethiopia]]n [[Zagwe dynasty]], claims the imperial throne and establishes the [[Solomonic dynasty|Solomonic Dynasty]], which will last until [[1974]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jO-HDgAAQBAJ&q=Yekuno+Amlak+1270&pg=PA397|title=Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations|last=Halibo|first=Gidey Seyoum|publisher=AFRICAN SUN MeDIA|year=2016|isbn=9781928357032|editor-last=Coertzen|editor-first=Pieter|location=Stellenbosch, South Africa|pages=397|language=en|chapter=Law, Religion and Pluralism in Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Complex Interaction|editor2-last=Green|editor2-first=M. Christian|editor3-last=Hansen|editor3-first=Len}}</ref>

=== Asia ===
* In Korea, the [[Sambyeolcho Rebellion]] begins against the [[Goryeo]] dynasty, a [[vassal state]] of the [[Yuan dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46OTBQAAQBAJ&q=Sambyeolcho+Rebellion+1270&pg=PA79|title=Korean History in Maps|last1=Injae|first1=Lee|last2=Miller|first2=Owen|last3=Jinhoon|first3=Park|last4=Hyun-Hae|first4=Yi|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|isbn=9781107098466|editor-last=Shin|editor-first=Michael D.|location=Cambridge|pages=79|language=en}}</ref>
* The ancient city of [[Ascalon]] is captured from the [[Crusader States]], and utterly destroyed by the [[Mamluk]] sultan [[Baibars]], who goes so far as to fill in its important [[harbor]], leaving the site desolate, and the city never to be rebuilt.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=orbpAAAAMAAJ&q=Ashkelon+1270|title=Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land|last1=Avi-Yonah|first1=Michael|last2=Stern|first2=Ephraim|publisher=Prentice-Hall|year=1978|isbn=9780132751155|volume=I|location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ|pages=124|language=en}}</ref>
* The city of [[Tabriz]], in present-day [[Iran]], is made capital of the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] [[Ilkhanate]] Empire (approximate date).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkVWAgAAQBAJ&q=1270+Tabriz&pg=PA308|title=Politics, Patronage and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th - 15th Century Tabriz|last=Pfeiffer|first=Judith|publisher=BRILL|year=2014|isbn=9789004262577|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=305|language=en}}</ref>
* The independent state of [[Cutch State|Kutch]] is founded, in present-day [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianngos.com/districts/kutch.asp|title=Welcome to Kutch|website=www.indianngos.com|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621181900/http://www.indianngos.com/districts/kutch.asp|archive-date=June 21, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* A census of the Chinese city of [[Hangzhou]] establishes that some 186,330 families reside within it, not including visitors and soldiers (Historian Jacques Gernet argues that this means a population of over 1 million inhabitants, making Hangzhou the most populous city in the world).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chase-Dunn|first1=Chris|last2=Inoue|first2=Hiroku|last3=Anderson|first3=E.N.|date=16 August 2016|title=The Growth of Hangzhou and the Geopolitical Context in East Asia|url=https://irows.ucr.edu/papers/irows111/irows111.htm|journal=The Institute for Research on World-Systems Working Papers|volume=111}}</ref>
* [[December 15]] – The [[Nizari Ismaili state|Nizari Ismaili]] garrison of [[Gerdkuh]], Persia surrender after 17 years to the [[Mongol campaign against the Nizaris|Mongols]].<ref name="Daftary1992p429">{{cite book |last1=Daftary |first1=Farhad |title=The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-42974-0 |page=429 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Europe ===
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Livonian Crusade]] - [[Battle of Karuse]]: The [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] defeats the [[Livonian Order]] decisively, on the frozen surface of the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&q=Battle+of+Karuse+1270&pg=PA513|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|last=Jaques|first=Tony|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=9780313335389|volume=2: F - O|location=Westport, CN, London|pages=513|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 1]] &ndash; King [[Stephen V of Hungary]] writes his walk to the ''antiquum castellum'' near [[Miholjanec]], where the [[Sword of Attila]] has been recently discovered.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}
* [[December]] &ndash; Crucial aspects of the philosophy of [[Averroism]] (itself based on [[Aristotle]]'s works) are banned by the [[Roman Catholic Church]], in a [[Condemnation of 1270|condemnation]] enacted by [[pope|papal]] authority at the [[University of Paris]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeQlAAAAQBAJ&q=1270+Averroism&pg=PA45|title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval Philosophy and Theology|last1=Brown|first1=Stephen F.|last2=Flores|first2=Juan Carlos|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2007|isbn=9780810864535|series=Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movemenets|volume=76|location=Lanham, MA, Toronto, Plymouth|pages=45|language=en}}</ref>
* The ''[[Summa Theologica]]'', a work by [[Thomas Aquinas]] that is considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its [[theology]], is completed (year uncertain).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/revivalscholast00perrgoog|title=The Revival of Scholastic Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century|last=Perrier|first=Joseph Louis|date=1909|publisher=Columbia University Press|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Witelo]] translates [[Alhazen]]'s 200-year-old treatise on [[optics]], ''Kitab al-Manazir'', from [[Arabic]] into [[Latin]], bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xk2AAAAQAAJ&q=1270+Vitello+Alhazen&pg=PA136|title=A Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary: Containing an Explanation of the Terms, and an Account of the Several Subjects, Comprised Under the Heads Mathematics, Astronomy, and Philosophy Both Natural and Experimental Also Memoirs of the Lives and Writing of the Eminent Authors, Both Ancient and Modern who by Their Discoveries or Improvements Have Contributed to the Advancement of Them|last=Hutton|first=Charles|publisher=Rivington|year=1815|location=London|pages=135|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Sanskrit]] fables known as the ''[[Panchatantra]]'', dating from as early as 200 [[Common Era|BCE]], are translated into Latin, from a [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] version by [[John of Capua]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrZZAAAAMAAJ&q=John+of+Capua+1270|title=Harvard Oriental Series: Descriptive List Thereof, Revised to 1920: with a Brief Memorial of Its Joint-founder, Henry Clarke Warren|last=Lanman|first=Charles Rockwell|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1920|location=Cambridge, MA|pages=5|language=en}}</ref>
* Construction of the [[Old New Synagogue]] in [[Prague]] is completed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5azmtjTEQW4C&q=Old+New+Synagogue+1270&pg=PA489|title=A Travel Guide to Jewish Europe: A practical, anecdotal and adventurous journey through historic Jewish Europe, including kosher restaurants, cafes, synagogues and museums, plus cultural and heritage sites.|last=Frank|first=Ben G.|publisher=Pelican Publishing|year=2001|isbn=9781455613298|edition=Third|location=Gretna, LA|pages=489|language=en|orig-year=1992}}</ref>
* The [[cathedral]] on the [[Rock of Cashel]] in [[Lordship of Ireland|Ireland]] is completed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkSk4euA-TEC&q=Rock+of+Cashel+1270&pg=PA460|title=Encyclopedia of Sacred Places|last=Brockman|first=Norbert|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=9781598846546|edition=Second|volume=I: A–M|pages=460|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall]], donates to the Cistercian [[Hailes Abbey]] in England (his father's foundation) a phial held to contain the [[Blood of Christ]], acquired in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]; this becomes such a magnet for [[pilgrimage]] that within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale.<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=328158|mname=Hailes Abbey|access-date=2020-09-13}}</ref>
* The ''[[Chronicle of Melrose]]'' is ended.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VB51DPui-TsC&q=Chronicle+of+Melrose+1270&pg=PA134|title=Britain and Poland-Lithuania: Contact and Comparison from the Middle Ages to 1795|last=Jamroziak|first=Emilia|publisher=BRILL|year=2008|isbn=9789004166233|editor-last=Unger|editor-first=Richard|series=The Northern World|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=134|language=en|chapter=Border Communities between Violence and Opportunities: Scotland and Pomerania Compared}}</ref></onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Charles, Count of Valois]], son of [[Philip III of France]] (d. [[1325]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LkRhncYY0aUC&q=1270+Charles%2C+Count+of+Valois&pg=PA141|title=My Kind of Man: With the History of the Gwinn, O?Connor, Kincaid, Richardson, Hiser West Virginia Families and Other Associated Lines and the Avery Family of Maine|last=Hiser|first=Patricia|publisher=iUniverse|year=2001|isbn=9780595210008|location=San Jose New York Lincoln Shanghai|pages=141|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Theodore Metochites]], Byzantine statesman and author<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ufxapiQewAC&q=1270+Theodore+Metochites&pg=PA34|title=The Architecture of the Kariye Camii in Istanbul|last=Ousterhout|first=Robert G.|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|year=1987|isbn=9780884021650|series=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection|volume=25|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=34|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Michael of Cesena]], Franciscan theologian (d. [[1342]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQogJS1WSOYC&q=1270+Michael+of+Cesena&pg=PA75|title=The Key to "The Name of the Rose": Including Translations of All Non-English Passages|last1=Haft|first1=Adele J.|last2=White|first2=Jane G.|last3=White|first3=Robert J.|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1999|isbn=9780472086214|location=Ann Arbor|pages=75|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Cino da Pistoia]], Italian poet (d. [[1336]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWILTfX3078C&q=1270+Cino+da+Pistoia&pg=PA119|title=The Medieval Origins of the Legal Profession: Canonists, Civilians, and Courts|last=Brundage|first=James A.|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2008|isbn=9780226077611|location=Chicago and London|pages=119|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany]] (d. [[1323]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=486s3eMkLfgC&q=1270+Isabella+of+Burgundy+queen+of+germany&pg=PA575|title=Biographical Index of the Middle Ages|last=Wispelwey|first=Berend|publisher=K. G. Saur Verlag|year=2011|isbn=9783110914160|location=Munich|pages=575|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ma Zhiyuan]], Chinese poet<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97FjAAAAMAAJ&q=1270+Ma+Zhiyuan|title=Female Suicide in Chinese Drama: Selected Plays from the Yuan Dynasty to the Cultural Revolution|last=Taylor|first=Julia C.|publisher=University of Wisconsin|year=1990|location=Madison|pages=40|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Namdev]], Marathi saint and poet (d. [[1350]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WVQrKJbJ2JIC&q=1270+Namdev&pg=PA43|title=Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India: Its Inception, Cultural Encounter and Impact|last=Sadarangani|first=Neeti M.|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2004|isbn=9788176254366|location=New Delhi|pages=43|language=en}}</ref>
* ''approximate'' &ndash; [[William Wallace]], Scottish patriot<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WykCAAAQBAJ&q=1270+William+Wallace&pg=PT15|title=Great Scottish Heroes - Fifty Scots Who Shaped the World|last=Pearson|first=Stuart|publisher=John Blake Publishing|year=2015|isbn=9781784186135|location=London|pages=8|language=en}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Margaret of Hungary (saint)|Saint Margaret of Hungary]] (b. [[1242]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73NKDwAAQBAJ&q=1270+death|title=The Oldest Legend: Acts of the Canonization Process, and Miracles of Saint Margaret of Hungary|last=Csepregi|first=Ildikó|publisher=Central European University Press|year=2018|isbn=9789633862186|editor-last=Csepregi|editor-first=Ildikó|series=Central European Medieval Texts|location=Budapest, New York|pages=31|language=en|translator-last=Csepregi|translator-first=Ildikó|chapter=Preface to the Text Recording Margaret's Miracles|editor2-last=Klaniczay|editor2-first=Gábor|editor3-last=Péterfi|editor3-first=Bence|translator-last2=Flanigan|translator-first2=Clifford|translator-last3=Perraud|translator-first3=Louis}}</ref>
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Isabelle of France (saint)|Saint Isabelle of France]], French princess and saint (b. [[1225]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Okq5YXXkHkC&q=1270+Saint+Isabelle+of+France&pg=PA19|title=Virtue Ethics for Women 1250-1500|last=Mews|first=Constant J.|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2011|isbn=9789400705296|editor-last=Green|editor-first=Karen|series=The New Synthese Historical Library|location=Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York|pages=19|language=en|chapter=The "Speculum dominarum" ("Miroir des dames") and Transformations of the Literature of Instruction for Women in the Early Fourteenth Century|editor2-last=Mews|editor2-first=Constant J.}}</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EE1YDwAAQBAJ&q=Philip+of+Montfort%2C+Lord+of+Tyre+1270&pg=PA165|title=The Tunis Crusade of 1270: A Mediterranean History|last=Lower|first=Michael|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|isbn=9780191061837|location=Oxford|pages=165|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Béla IV of Hungary]] (b. [[1206]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuAzDwAAQBAJ&q=Bela+IV+of+hungary+1270&pg=PA106|title=Transylvania in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregational System|last=Salagean|first=Tudor|publisher=BRILL|year=2016|isbn=9789004311343|series=East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages 450 - 1450|volume=37|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=106|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Stephen I Báncsa|Stephen Báncsa]], Hungarian cardinal (b. c. [[1205]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y214Oo0uK-oC&q=1270&pg=PA18|title=Carreiras Eclesiásticas no Ocidente Cristão (séc. XII-XIV)|last=Kosta|first=László|publisher=Centro de Estudos de História - Universidade Católica Portuguesa|year=2007|isbn=9789728361266|location=Lisbon|pages=18|language=en|chapter=Análise Prosopográfica Dos Cónegos Dos Cabidos Catedralícios Húngaros Na Idade Média (1200-1350): Conclusões}}</ref>
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Boniface of Savoy (bishop)|Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ&q=Boniface+of+Savoy+1270&pg=PA226|title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church|last1=Cross|first1=The Late F. L.|last2=Cross|first2=Frank Leslie|last3=Livingstone|first3=Elizabeth A.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|isbn=9780192802903|edition=Third|location=Oxford New York|pages=226|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 25]]
** King [[Louis IX of France]] (b. [[1214]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofsaintlou00gapo|url-access=registration|quote=1270 Louis IX.|title=The Making of Saint Louis: Kingship, Sanctity, and Crusade in the Later Middle Ages|last=Gaposchkin|first=Marianne Cecilia|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2008|isbn=9780801445507|location=Ithaca, London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/makingofsaintlou00gapo/page/25 25]|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Alphonso of Brienne]] (b. c. [[1225]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IulTPcYlR-IC&q=1270+Alphonso+of+Brienne|title=The Court and Household of Eleanor of Castile in 1290: An Edition of British Library, Additional Manuscript 35294 with Introduction and Notes|last=Parsons|first=John Carmi|publisher=Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies|year=1977|isbn=9780888440372|location=Toronto|pages=107|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Philip of Montfort, Lord of Castres]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qgQ8C10Ut4QC&q=1270+Philip+of+Montfort%2C+Lord+of+Castres&pg=PR25|title=Simon de Montfort|last=Maddicott|first=J. R.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|isbn=9780521376365|location=Cambridge, New York|pages=xxv|language=en|orig-year=1994}}</ref>
* [[December 4]] &ndash; [[Theobald II of Navarre]] (Theobald V of Champagne) (b. c. [[1238]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53I5AAAAIAAJ&q=1270+Theobald+II+of+Navarre&pg=PA776|title=Cambridge Medieval History, Shorter|last=Previté-Orton|first=C. W.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1978|isbn=9780521099776|volume=2: The Twelfth Century to the Renaissance|location=Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne|pages=776|language=en|orig-year=1952}}</ref>
* [[David VII Ulu]], King of Georgia (b. [[1215]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eE2pDLgibVoC&q=1270+David+Ulu&pg=PA72|title=Circassian History|last=Natho|first=Kadir I.|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|year=2009|isbn=9781465316998|location=Bloomington, IN|pages=72|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Abi Usaibia]], Syrian Arab medical historian (b. [[1203]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0IIpnov0BsC&q=1270+Ibn+Abi+Usaibia&pg=PA200|title=A History of Medicine: Byzantine and Islamic medicine|last=Aydin|first=Sami|publisher=Horatius Press|year=2016|isbn=9781888456042|series=Aristoteles Semitico-Latinus|volume=24|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=200|language=en|orig-year=1996}}</ref>
* [[Isaac ben Moses of Vienna]], Jewish rabbi and scholar (b. [[1200]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LEMoAgAAQBAJ&q=1270+Isaac+ben+Moses+of+Vienna&pg=PA156|title=Becoming the People of the Talmud: Oral Torah as Written Tradition in Medieval Jewish Cultures|last=Fishman|first=Talya|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2011|isbn=9780812222876|location=Philadelphia|pages=156|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk]] (b. [[1212]])<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fairclough|first=John|date=2008|title=Bigods at Walton Hall and their Successors|url=http://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XLI%20Part%204%20(2008)_Bigods%20at%20Walton%20Hall%20and%20their%20successors%20J%20Fairclough_405%20to%20425.pdf|journal=Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History|volume=41|issue=4|pages=418}}</ref>
* [[Uli I of Mali]], second mansa of the Mali Empire<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsxaDwAAQBAJ&q=1270+Uli+I&pg=PT465|title=A World History of Political Thought|last=Babb|first=J.|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2018|isbn=9781786435538|location=Cheltenham and Northampton, MA|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1270}}
[[Category:1270| ]]