Editing 1245

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[[File: Fernando III de Castilla 02.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint''') (r. 1217–1252)]]
Year '''1245''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXLV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* Winter &ndash; [[Siege of Jaén (1245–1246)|Siege of Jaén]]: Castilian forces under King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint''') besiege the Moorish-held city of [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]]. During the siege Moorish knights sally out and manage to capture a Castilian supply caravan. Meanwhile, Ferdinand tries to launch attacks on the various city gates, but all are ineffective.
* In witness of the toll taken by war and fiscal pressure in the [[Kingdom of Castile]], the region of [[Segovia]] is described this year as depopulated and sterile.<ref name=linehan1999>{{cite book|author1-link=Peter Linehan|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-36289-X|pages=668–699 [670]|first=Peter|last=Linehan|editor1-link=David Abulafia|editor=Abulafia, David |chapter=Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre}}</ref>

==== England ====
* King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] starts the work of rebuilding [[Westminster Abbey]], as a tribute to [[Edward the Confessor]].

==== Levant ====
* [[April]] &ndash; Egyptian forces under [[As-Salih Ayyub]] besiege the city of [[Damascus]]. After six months, [[As-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus|As-Salih Ismail]], ruler of Damascus, surrenders to Ayyub in return for a vassal-principality, consisting of [[Baalbek]] and the [[Hauran]]. Ayyub is awarded the title of [[sultan]] by Caliph [[Al-Musta'sim]] in [[Baghdad]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 190–191. {{ISBN|978-0241-29877-0}}.</ref>
 
=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Thomas (bishop of Finland)|Thomas]], bishop of [[Archdiocese of Turku|Turku]] (modern [[Finland]]), is granted resignation by Pope [[Pope Innocent IV|Innocent IV]]. He admits to committing several felonies, such as torturing and forging a papal letter.
* [[April 16]] &ndash; Innocent IV sends [[Giovanni da Pian del Carpine]] (accompanied by [[Stephen of Bohemia]]) to the Mongol court at [[Karakorum]], suggesting that the Mongols convert to [[Christianity]].<ref>Yule, Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). "Carpini, Joannes de Piano". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Vol 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 397–399.</ref>
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[First Council of Lyon]]: In a general church council held at [[Lyon]], Innocent IV declares Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] excommunicated and deposed. He proclaims the [[Seventh Crusade]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 141. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Edmund Crouchback]], son of [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] (d. [[1296]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Philip III of France|Philip III]] ('''the Bold'''), king of [[France during the Middle Ages|France]] (d. [[1285]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Sang Sapurba]], Indonesian ruler (d. [[1316]])
* [[Antony Bek (bishop of Durham)|Antony Bek]] (or '''Beck'''), English bishop and patriarch (d. [[1311]])
* [[Araniko]] (or '''Anige'''), Nepalese architect and painter (d. [[1306]])
* [[Eric of Brandenburg]], archbishop of [[Archbishopric of Magdeburg|Magdeburg]] (d. [[1295]])
* [[Fujiwara no Saneko]], Japanese empress consort (d. [[1272]])
* [[Giovanna da Signa]], Italian miracle worker and saint (d. [[1307]]) 
* [[Kikuchi Takefusa]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] and samurai (d. 1285)
* [[Kunigunda of Halych]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (d. 1285)
* [[Ma Duanlin]], Chinese encyclopaedist and politician (d. [[1322]])
* [[Nichirō]], Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] disciple and scholar (d. [[1320]])
* [[Rinaldo da Concorezzo]], Italian priest and archbishop (d. [[1321]])
* [[Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk|Roger Bigod]], English nobleman and [[Earl Marshal|Lord Marshal]] (d. 1306)
* [[Thomas de Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley|Thomas de Berkeley]] ('''the Wise'''), English nobleman (d. 1321)
* [[Yahballaha III]], patriarch of the [[Church of the East]] (d. [[1317]])
* [[Ziemomysł of Kuyavia]], Polish ruler of [[Bydgoszcz]] (d. [[1287]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Ralph of Maidstone]], bishop of [[Diocese of Hereford|Hereford]]
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Colonna (died 1245)|Giovanni Colonna]], Italian cardinal (b. [[1170]])
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[John of la Rochelle]], French theologian (b. [[1200]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Baldwin de Redvers]], English nobleman (b. [[1217]])
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[Roger I of Fézensaguet]], French nobleman (b. [[1190]])
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson]], Icelandic chieftain (b. [[1208]])
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence|Ramon Berenguer IV]], Spanish nobleman (b. [[1198]])
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Alexander of Hales]], English theologian (b. [[1185]])
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke|Walter Marshal]], English nobleman (b. [[1209]])
* [[December 4]] &ndash; [[Christian of Oliva]], bishop of [[Prussia (region)|Prussia]] (b. [[1180]])
* [[Adam of Harcarse]], Scottish [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] priest and [[abbot]]
* [[Beatrice d'Este, Queen of Hungary|Beatrice d'Este]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] (b. [[1215]]) 
* [[Cletus Bél]], Hungarian [[prelate]], bishop and chancellor
* [[Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi]], Syrian scholar and writer (b. [[1173]])
* [[Fujiwara no Tadataka]], Japanese [[regent]] and monk (b. [[1163]])
* [[Guillaume le Vinier]], French composer and poet (b. 1190)
* [[Ibn al-Salah]], Syrian scholar, [[imam]] and writer (b. [[1181]])
* [[Isabel de Bolebec]], English noblewoman and co-heiress
* [[Rusudan of Georgia]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]] (b. [[1194]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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