Editing 1234

{{About year|1234}} 
Year '''1234''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXXXIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] (full calendar displayed in the link) of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{Year nav|1234}}{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}[[File:Bataille entre mongols & chinois (1211).jpeg|upright=1.35|thumb|Battle between Mongol warriors and Jin horsemen, during the [[Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty]] from the [[Jami' al-tawarikh]], by [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani]]]]

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* King [[Canute II of Sweden]] ("the Tall") dies after a five-year reign. His rival, [[Eric XI of Sweden|Eric XI]] ("the Lisp and Lame"), returns as ruler of [[Sweden]] (possibly after a civil war between the two of them). It is also possible that Canute dies of natural causes, and Eric peacefully then returns as king.
* King [[Andrew II of Hungary]] proclaims his son, [[Coloman of Galicia]], as ruler (or ''[[Ban (title)|ban]]'') of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages|Bosnia]], who passes it on to [[Prijezda]], a cousin of [[Matej Ninoslav]], despite Matej being the legitimate ruler.
* [[Reconquista]]: King [[Sancho II of Portugal]] conquers the cities of [[Aljustrel]] and [[Mértola]] from the [[Moors]].<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref>

==== Mongol Empire ====
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty]]: The Mongol army led by [[Ögedei Khan]] captures the Jin capital at [[Runan County|Caizhou]], after the two-month [[Siege of Caizhou]]). [[Emperor Aizong of Jin]] abdicates the throne to [[Emperor Mo of Jin|Wanyan Chenglin]], a descendant of the Jin imperial clan. After the Mongol and Song forces have breached the city walls, Aizong tries to escape, but commits suicide to avoid being captured. This marks the end of the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)]] ('Great Jin') in China.<ref>Beck, Sanderson. "Liao, Xi Xia, and Jin Dynasties 907–1234". ''China 7 BC to 1279''.</ref>

==== Africa ====
* The [[Mandé peoples|Manden]] region rises against the [[Sosso Empire|Kaniaga Kingdom]]. This is the beginning of a process that will lead to the rise of the [[Mali Empire]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reconstructing oral tradition: Souleymane Kanté's approach to writing Mande history|first=David C.|last=Conrad|date=2001|volume=3|pages=147–200|doi=10.2979/mnd.2001.a873349|journal=Mande Studies}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[November]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory IX]] proclaims war on the city of [[Rome]] after a local revolt forces him into exile.<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 138. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> He issues the papal bull ''[[Rachel suum videns]]'', calling for a new [[crusade]] to the [[Holy Land]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jt61CwAAQBAJ|title=Infirmity in Antiquity and the Middle Ages|first1=Christian|last1= Krötzl|first2=Jenni|last2=Kuuliala|first3=Katariina|last3=Mustakallio|page=108|date=March 9, 2016|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=9781317116950}}</ref>
* [[Lund Cathedral]] in [[Sweden]] is heavily damaged in a catastrophic fire. Large donations are made to the church, to rebuild the cathedral.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Abaqa Khan]], Mongol ruler of the [[Ilkhanate]] (d. [[1282]])
* [[Christina of Norway, Infanta of Castile]], princess (d. [[1262]])
* [[Kaliman I of Bulgaria|Kaliman I]], emperor (''[[tsar]]'') of [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]] (d. [[1246]])
* [[Conrad of Ascoli]], Italian friar and missionary (d. [[1289]])
* [[Ippen]] (or Zuien), Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] monk (d. 1289)
* [[Manuel of Castile]], Spanish prince (''[[infante]]'') (d. [[1283]])
* [[Margaret of Holland, Countess of Henneberg|Margaret of Holland]], Dutch noblewoman (d. [[1276]])
* [[Ou Shizi]], Chinese [[Confucianism|Confucian]] scholar (d. [[1324]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Robert of Auvergne]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Clermont|Clermont]]
* [[February 9]] 
** [[Emperor Aizong of Jin|Aizong of Jin]], Chinese emperor (b. [[1198]])
** [[Emperor Mo of Jin|Mo of Jin]] (or Hudun), Chinese emperor
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Sancho VII of Navarre|Sancho VII]] ("the Strong"), king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]]
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (b. [[1191]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Otto I, Duke of Merania]], German nobleman and knight (b. [[1180]])
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Emperor Chūkyō|Chūkyō]], emperor (''[[Emperor of Japan|tennō]]'') of [[Japan]] (b. [[1218]])
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Floris IV, Count of Holland]], Dutch nobleman and knight (b. [[1210]])
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[William Pinchon]], French [[prelate]] and bishop
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Hugh Foliot]], bishop of [[Diocese of Hereford|Hereford]] (b. [[1155]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Horikawa|Go-Horikawa]], emperor of Japan (b. [[1212]])
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Milo of Nanteuil]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais|Beauvais]]
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Eudes II, Lord of Ham]], French nobleman
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad]], Arab historian (b. [[1145]])
* [[Abu Muhammad Salih al-Majiri]], Almohad [[Sufism|Sufi]] leader (b. 1155)
* [[Alan of Galloway]], Scottish nobleman
* [[Canute II of Sweden|Canute II]] ("the Tall"), king of [[Sweden]] ([[Folkung|House of Folkung]])
* [[Dalfi d'Alvernha]], Count of Clermont and Montferrand, French nobleman, troubador and patron of the arts (b. c. 1150)
* [[Helen of Galloway]], Scottish noblewoman and heiress
* [[Hugh de Neville]], English [[Forester#Medieval foresters|Chief Forester]] and sheriff
* [[Ibn al-Farid]], Arab poet, writer and philosopher (b. [[1181]])
* [[Minamoto no Ienaga]], Japanese [[Waka (poetry)|''waka'']] poet (b. [[1170]])
* [[Nasir ad-Din Mahmud]] II, Zengid ruler
* [[Pacificus]], Italian-born friar and poet
* [[Renard II of Dampierre-en-Astenois]] (or Renaud), French nobleman and knight
* [[Rhys Gryg]] (Rhys ap Rhys), Welsh prince of [[Deheubarth]] 
* [[Robert III, Count of Dreux]] ("Gasteblé"), French nobleman (b. [[1185]])
* [[Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi]], Persian [[Sufism|Sufi]] scholar (b. 1145)
* [[William of Andres]], French [[abbot]] and historian
* [[Zhang Yuansu]], Chinese physician and writer

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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