Editing 1226

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1226}}
{{Year nav|1226}}
{{C13 year in topic}} 
[[File:Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Blanche of Castile]] (left) and [[Louis IX of France]] (ca. 1220–1230)]]
Year '''1226''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXXVI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[June]] &ndash; King [[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]] ('''the Lion''') leads a Crusade against the [[Catharism|Cathars]] ('''Albigensians''') and [[Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse|Raymond VII]], count of [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]]. The Crusaders capture the cities of [[Béziers]], [[Carcassonne]], [[Beaucaire, Gard|Beaucaire]] and [[Marseille]]. Louis forces [[Languedoc]] into submission, and reasserts his authority upon the autonomous municipalities of his estates. Most cities have to accept the authority of [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence|Ramon Berenguer IV]], count of [[Provence]], but Marseille and [[Nice]] rebel.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell'Umbria|first=Alèssi|title=Histoire universelle de Marseille. De l'an mil à l'an deux mille|year=2006|publisher=Agone|location=Marseille|isbn=2-7489-0061-8|page=19}}</ref>
* [[Siege of Avignon (1226)|Siege of Avignon]]: Crusader forces under Louis VIII besiege [[Avignon]]. They dig trenches facing the city walls – which are connected on both sides of the [[Rhône]] with pontoon bridges. On [[August 8]], Louis launches an assault led by Count [[Guy II, Count of Saint-Pol|Guy II of Saint-Pol]], but the attackers are repulsed. After negotiations, the consuls agree to pay an indemnity of 6,000 marks. On [[September 9]], the gates are opened and Louis enters the city without violence.<ref>Strayer, Joseph R. (1992). ''The Albigensian Crusades'', pp. 133–134. London, England: Faber. {{ISBN|0-571-11064-9}}.</ref>
* [[November 8]] &ndash; Louis VIII dies of [[dysentery]] at [[Château de Montpensier]] during his return from the [[Albigensian Crusade]]. He is succeeded by his 12-year-old son [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] ('''the Saint'''), who becomes king of [[Kingdom of France|France]]. His mother, Queen [[Blanche of Castile]], rules the kingdom as [[regent]] during his minority. She has Louis crowned at [[Reims Cathedral]] on [[November 29]], and forces the rebellious southern French nobles to swear allegiance to him.
* The [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic Knights]] undertake a new Crusade, attempting to subdue the pagan [[Old Prussians|Prussians]], who occupy a part of the Baltic coast. They are invited to [[Greater Poland|Poland]] by High Duke [[Konrad I of Masovia|Konrad I]], a grandson of [[Bolesław III Wrymouth|Bolesław III]] ('''Wrymouth'''). Their task is to defend [[Duchy of Masovia|Masovia]] against raids of the Prussians. After defeating them, the German knights set up their own state, which they named after the pagan people they have all but annihilated – [[Prussia]].<ref>Brezinski, Richard (1998). ''History of Poland: Old Poland – The Piast Dynasty'', pp. 22–23. {{ISBN|83-7212-019-6}}.</ref>
* King [[Sancho II of Portugal|Sancho II]] ('''the Pious''') launches an offensive against the [[Almohad Caliphate]] during the [[Reconquista]], and takes the city of [[Elvas]].<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref>
* [[Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson]] is overthrown as ruler of the [[Kingdom of the Isles]], and is replaced by his half-brother, [[Olaf the Black]].

==== Mongol Empire ====
* Summer &ndash; [[Genghis Khan]] starts a [[Mongol conquest of Western Xia|campaign against]] the [[Tangut people|Tanguts]], punishing the vassal kingdom of [[Western Xia]] (or '''Xi Xia''') for not contributing to the [[Mongol invasions and conquests|Mongol invasions]]. He assembles a large force (some 100,000 men), and lays siege to [[Wuwei, Gansu|Liangzhou]], second-largest city in Western Xia, which surrenders without resistance. In the autumn, Genghis crosses the [[Helan Mountains]], and in November he lays siege to [[Lingwu]]. Meanwhile, Emperor [[Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia|Xian Zong]] dies and is succeeded by his nephew [[Emperor Mo of Western Xia|Mo]] (or '''Li Xian''').<ref>Man, John (2004). ''Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection'', p. 214. {{ISBN|978-0-312-36624-7}}.</ref>

==== Middle East ====
* [[March 9]] &ndash; Khwarezmian forces under Sultan [[Jalal al-Din Mangburni]] capture [[Tbilisi]], capital of the [[Kingdom of Georgia]], killing many of its [[Hundred Thousand Martyrs of Tbilisi|Christian inhabitants]].

==== Asia ====
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Trần Thủ Độ]], head of the [[Trần dynasty]] of [[Vietnam]], forces [[Lý Huệ Tông]], last emperor of the [[Lý dynasty]], to commit suicide.

=== By topic ===

==== Art and Culture ====
* [[Brother Robert]] writes the [[Old Norse]] ''Saga Af Tristram ok Ísodd'', one of the rare fully surviving versions of the legend of [[Tristan and Iseult]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Tristan et Iseult|year=1995|publisher=Gallimard|location=Paris|isbn=2-07-011335-3|url=http://www.la-pleiade.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Bibliotheque-de-la-Pleiade/Tristan-et-Yseut}}</ref>

==== Astronomy ====
* [[March 4]] &ndash; Just before dawn, a great conjunction between [[Saturn]] and [[Jupiter]] occurs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/dec/15/how-to-watch-the-jupiter-and-saturn-great-conjunction-of-2020 |title=How to watch the Jupiter and Saturn 'great conjunction' on winter solstice |date=21 December 2020 |author=Helen Sullivan |website=The Guardian}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* [[March 26]] &ndash; Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] issues the [[Golden Bull of Rimini]], in which he grants Teutonic Knights the right to all of the lands they will get during the mission in [[Prussia (region)|Prussia]]; he also considers himself a senior of the Teutonic Order and Poland, as well as the universal ruler of Christian [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Czapliński|first=Marek |last2=Maroń |first2=Jerzy |title=Historia w datach |publisher= Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rytm" |location= Warszawa |year= 1997 |pages=89 |isbn= 83-86678-26-7}}</ref>
* [[September 11]] &ndash; The [[Catholic Church]] practice of [[eucharistic adoration]] among [[Laity|lay people]] formally begins in Avignon, Provence.
* The [[Carmelites|Carmelite Order]] is approved by Pope [[Pope Honorius III|Honorius III]] in the bull ''Ut vivendi normam''.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Mugaku Sogen]], Chinese monk and adviser (d. [[1286]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Bolesław V the Chaste|Bolesłaus V]] ('''the Chaste'''), Polish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1279]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Isabella of Gloucester and Hertford|Isabella de Clare]], English noblewoman (d. [[1264]])
* [[Amato Ronconi]], Italian nobleman, monk and [[hermit]] (d. [[1292]])
* [[Angelo da Foligno]] (or '''Conti'''), Italian cleric and priest (d. [[1312]])
* [[Ata-Malik Juvayni]], Persian governor and historian (d. [[1283]])
* [[Bai Renfu]] (or '''Bai Pu'''), Chinese poet and playwright (d. [[1306]])
* [[Bar Hebraeus]], Syrian scholar, historian and bishop (d. 1286)
* [[Blanche of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany|Blanche of Navarre]] (or '''Champagne'''), duchess of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] (d. [[1283]])
* [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles I]], French nobleman and son of [[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]] (d. [[1285]])
* [[Dietrich VI, Count of Cleves|Dietrich VI]], German nobleman and knight (d. [[1275]])
* [[Gertrude of Austria]], Austrian noblewoman (d. [[1288]])
* [[Herman VI, Margrave of Baden|Herman VI]], German nobleman and knight (d. [[1250]])
* [[Maria of Brabant, Duchess of Bavaria|Maria of Brabant]], German noblewoman (d. [[1256]])
* [[Ulrich I, Count of Württemberg|Ulrich I]] ('''the Founder'''), German nobleman (d. [[1265]])

== Deaths ==
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury|William Longespée]], English nobleman and knight (b. [[1176]]) 
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Amaury I de Craon]], French nobleman and knight (b. [[1170]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Blessed Beatrice d'Este|Beatrice d'Este]], Italian [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] nun and saint (b. [[1192]])
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Henry Borwin II, Lord of Mecklenburg|Henry Borwin II]] (or '''Burwy'''), German nobleman (b. 1170)
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Waleran III, Duke of Limburg|Waleran III]] (or '''Walram'''), duke of [[Duchy of Limburg|Limburg]] (b. [[1165]])
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah|Al-Zahir]], caliph of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (b. [[1175]])
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Guy II, Count of Saint-Pol|Guy II of Saint Pol]], French nobleman and knight
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Rudolf von Güttingen]], Swiss [[abbot]] and bishop 
* [[September 16]] &ndash; [[Pandulf Verraccio]], Italian bishop and politician
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Francis of Assisi]], founder of the [[Franciscans|Franciscan Order]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Francis of Assisi {{!}} Biography, Facts, Feast Day, Patron Saint Of, & Legacy |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Francis-of-Assisi |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Louis IV, Count of Chiny|Louis IV]] ('''the Young'''), French nobleman (b. [[1173]])
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Renaud de Forez|Renaud II]] (or '''de Forez'''), French archbishop
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]] ('''the Lion'''), king of [[Kingdom of France|France]] (b. [[1187]])
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Frederick of Isenberg]], German nobleman
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Benedict of Sausetun]], bishop of [[Diocese of Rochester|Rochester]] 
* [[Aed mac Donn Ó Sochlachain]], Irish musician and writer
* [[Bernart Arnaut d'Armagnac]] (or '''Arnaud'''), French [[troubadour]]
* [[Eleanor of Aragon, Countess of Toulouse|Eleanor of Aragon]], Spanish princess and countess (b. [[1182]])
* [[Falkes de Bréauté]], Norman nobleman and High Sheriff
* [[Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta]], Spanish physician and poet
* [[Roger de Montbegon]], English nobleman and landowner
* [[Emperor Shenzong of Western Xia|Shen Zong]], Chinese emperor of [[Western Xia]] (b. [[1163]])
* [[William Brewer (justice)|William Brewer]], English nobleman and High Sheriff
* [[Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia|Xian Zong]], Chinese emperor of Western Xia (b. [[1181]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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