Editing 1217

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1217}}
{{Year nav|1217}}
{{C13 year in topic}} 
[[File:EustaceTheMonk.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Battle of Sandwich (1217)|Battle of Sandwich]] (13th century)]]
Year '''1217''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==

=== Fifth Crusade ===
* Summer &ndash; Various groups of French knights reach the Italian ports. King [[Andrew II of Hungary]] arrives with his army in [[Split, Croatia|Split]], in [[Dalmatia]]. He is joined by German forces, led by Duke [[Leopold VI, Duke of Austria|Leopold VI]] ('''the Glorious'''). At the end of July, Pope [[Pope Honorius III|Honorius III]] orders the crusaders assembled in [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] and [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] to proceed to [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]], but there is no transport provided by the Italian city-states, [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] and [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]]. 
* [[September]]: Leopold VI finds some ships in Split, that bring him and a small force to [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. Andrew follows him about a fortnight later; in Split, he receives only two ships. The rest of Andrew's army is left behind. Meanwhile, King [[Hugh I of Cyprus]] lands at Acre, with troops to support the Crusade.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 124–125. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[November]] &ndash; The Crusader army (some 15,000 men) under Andrew II sets out from Acre, and marches up the [[Jezreel Valley|Plain of Esdraelon]]. Sultan [[Al-Adil I]], on hearing that the crusaders are assembling, sends some Muslim troops to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], to halt their advance. The crusaders move towards [[Beit She'an|Beisan]], while Al-Adil waits at [[Ajloun Castle]], ready to intercept any attack on [[Damascus]]. He sends his son, [[Al-Mu'azzam Isa|Al-Mu'azzam]], to cover [[Jerusalem]]. On [[November 10]], Andrew's well-mounted army defeats Al-Adil at [[Bethsaida]], on the [[Jordan River]]. Beisan is occupied and sacked; the Muslims retreat to their fortresses and towns.<ref name="A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre">Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 125. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[December]] &ndash; King [[John of Brienne|John I of Jerusalem]] leads an expedition into [[Lebanon]]. On [[December 3]], he undertakes fruitless assaults on Muslim fortresses and on [[Mount Tabor]]. Meanwhile, the Crusader army under Andrew II wanders across the [[Jordan Valley]] and up the eastern shore of the [[Sea of Galilee]]. During the occupation, Andrew spends his time collecting alleged relics. By the end of December, supplies run out, and the crusaders retreat to Acre.<ref name="A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre" />

=== Other events by place ===

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; [[First Barons' War]]: English forces of King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] besiege the French-controlled [[Mountsorrel|Mountsorrel Castle]] in [[Leicestershire]]. Prince [[Louis VIII of France|Louis]] sends reinforcements (some 20,000 men) to assist the Barons in the castle. The English army lifts the siege and withdraws to [[Nottingham]]. Louis makes the mistake of moving the French forces to [[Lincoln Castle]] – where the English garrison holds out against previous attacks. Meanwhile, Henry's forces return to Mountsorrel Castle. This time Louis fails to arrive in time to prevent the razing to the ground of the castle.<ref>Pevsner, Nikolaus (1960). ''The Buildings of England: Leicestershire and Rutland'', p. 195. Penguin Books.</ref>
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Peter II of Courtenay]] is crowned emperor of the [[Latin Empire]] of [[Constantinople]] at [[Rome]], by Pope [[Pope Honorius III|Honorius III]]. Shortly after his coronation, Peter borrows some ships from the Venetians, promising in return to conquer [[Durrës|Durazzo]] for them. He fails in this enterprise and seeks to make his way to Constantinople by land. On the journey, he is seized by troops of [[Theodore Komnenos Doukas]], despot of [[Despotate of Epirus|Epirus]], and is put in prison.<ref>Ostrogorsky, George (1995). ''History of the Byzantine State'', p. 433. Translated by Hussey, Joan. Rutgers University Press.</ref>
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lincoln (1217)|Battle of Lincoln]]: Henry III's forces led by [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke]] defeat the French army of Prince Louis and the rebel barons who are besieging [[Lincoln Castle]]. During the battle, [[Thomas, Count of Perche|Thomas, Comte du Perche]] is killed and Louis is expelled from his base in the southeast of [[Kingdom of England|England]]. The looting that takes place afterward is known as the "Lincoln Fair". The citizens of [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] are loyal to Louis so Henry's forces sack the city. To the south, inhabitants of towns between Lincoln and [[London]] ambush and kill many of the French soldiers.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=77–79|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[June 6]] &ndash; The 13-year-old King [[Henry I of Castile]] dies from the fall of a roof tile in [[Palencia]], an event which his regent, [[Álvaro Núñez de Lara (died 1218)|Álvaro Núñez de Lara]], attempts to conceal. He is succeeded by his sister [[Berengaria of Castile|Berengaria]], who renounces the throne in favour of her son [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]], on [[August 31]]. The young king begins his reign (supported by his mother as adviser and [[regent]]) by a war against his father, King [[Alfonso IX of León]], and the Castilian nobles. 
* June &ndash; The 13-year-old [[Haakon IV of Norway|Haakon IV]] becomes king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]], following the death of [[Inge II of Norway|Inge II]] ('''Bårdsson''') – this largely ends the [[civil war era in Norway]]. During his minority, Earl [[Skule Bårdsson]] becomes Haakon's regent.
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Sandwich (1217)|Battle of Sandwich]]: An English fleet under [[Hubert de Burgh]] defeats the French armada (10 large ships and 70 supply ships) in the [[English Channel]], near [[Sandwich, Kent|Sandwich]]. The French fleet is commanded by [[Eustace the Monk]], a mercenary and pirate, who fights for both the French and English when it suits his needs. The French fleet is bringing more men and supplies to assist Prince Louis, in his quest to take the English throne. The English capture Eustace's flagship, and Eustace himself is (while offering 10,000 marks for ransom) beheaded.<ref>Powicke, Frederick Maurice (1947). ''King Henry III and the Lord Edward'', pp. 15–16. Oxford: Clarendon. {{OCLC|1044503}}.</ref>
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Lambeth|Treaty of Kingston]]: The First Baron's War ends. After the defeat of the French fleet, Prince Louis is without hope of taking the English throne. William Marshal blockades London from the sea and land. At [[Lambeth]] Louis accepts peace terms. He waives his claim for the throne and promises to restore [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] to Henry III but does not. The French and Scots are to leave England, and an amnesty is granted to the rebels.<ref>Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). ''The Chronology of British History'', pp. 77–79. London: Century Ltd. {{ISBN|0-7126-5616-2}}.</ref>
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Livonian Crusade]]: The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] and allied [[Livonian people|Livs]] and [[Latvians|Letts]] defeat the [[Estonians|Estonian]] army in the [[Battle of St. Matthew's Day]], and kill their leader [[Lembitu]].
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Reconquista]]: The city of [[Alcácer do Sal Municipality|Alcácer do Sal]], located along the [[Sado River]], is [[Siege of Alcácer do Sal|conquered from the Moors]] by troops of King [[Afonso II of Portugal]].<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref>
* November &ndash; In the [[Kingdom of Castile]], former regent and Castilian nobleman, [[Álvaro Núñez de Lara (died 1218)|Álvaro Núñez de Lara]], is captured and forced to relinquish all his castles.<ref name=linehan1999>{{cite book|author1-link=Peter Linehan|editor1-link=David Abulafia|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-36289-X|pages=668–671|first=Peter|last=Linehan|editor=David Abulafia|chapter=Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre}}</ref>
*''unknown date'' &ndash; [[Stefan Nemanjić]] is elevated to be the first [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|King of the Serbian lands]] by Pope [[Pope Honorius III|Honorius III]] and crowned by Stefan's brother, [[Archimandrite]] [[Saint Sava|Sava]], in [[Žiča]].

==== Asia ====
* The Mongol army under [[Muqali]] (or '''Mukhali''') attacks [[Hebei|Hebei Province]], as well as [[Shandong|Shandong Province]] and [[Shaanxi|Shaanxi Province]] (controlled by the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin Dynasty]]). He returns to [[Genghis Khan]]'s camp in [[Mongolia]], and receives the hereditary of prince with the title "Grand Preceptor of the Empire", a golden seal, and a white standard with nine tails and a black crescent in the middle. He is appointed as commander-in-chief of operations in [[North China]].

=== By topic ===

==== Literature ====
{{main|13th century in literature}}

== Births ==
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Henry I of Cyprus|Henry I]] ('''the Fat'''), king of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (d. [[1253]])
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Ninshō]], Japanese priest (d. [[1303]])
* [[Baldwin II, Latin Emperor|Baldwin II of Courtenay]], Latin emperor (d. [[1273]])
* [[Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon|Baldwin de Redvers]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1245]])
* [[Boniface of Savoy (bishop)|Boniface of Savoy]], English archbishop (d. [[1270]])
* [[Fernando, Lord of Serpa|Ferdinand]], Portuguese prince (''[[infante]]'') (d. [[1246]])
* [[George Akropolites]], Byzantine statesman (d. [[1282]])
* [[Guillaume III des Porcellets|Guillaume III]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1288]])
* [[Guo Kan]], Chinese general and governor (d. [[1277]])
* [[Henry of Antioch]], co-ruler of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (d. [[1276]])
* [[Henry of Ghent]], Flemish philosopher (d. [[1293]])
* [[Ibn Sab'in]], Andalusian [[Sufism|Sufi]] philosopher (d. [[1271]])
* [[Izz al-Din ibn Shaddad]], Arab historian (d. [[1285]])
* [[John I, Duke of Brittany|John I]] ('''the Red'''), English nobleman (d. [[1286]])
* [[Kangan Giin]], Japanese [[Zen master|Zen Master]] (d. [[1300]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Raynald of Nocera]], Italian monk and bishop (b. [[1150]])
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg|Judah ben Samuel]], German Jewish [[rabbi]] (b. 1150)
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Kanefusa]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1153]])
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Alexander Neckam]], English [[abbot]] (b. [[1157]])
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Al-Mansur Abdallah]], Yemeni [[imam]] (b. [[1166]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Inge II of Norway|Inge II]] ('''Bårdsson'''), king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (b. [[1185]])
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia|Hermann I]] (or '''III'''), German nobleman (b. [[1155]])
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Thomas, Count of Perche|Thomas of Perche]], French nobleman (b. [[1195]])
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Henry I of Castile|Henry I]], king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of Toledo (Crown of Castile)|Toledo]] (b. [[1204]])
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Hadmar II of Kuenring]], German nobleman
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Eustace the Monk]], French mercenary
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Robert I, Count of Alençon|Robert I]], French nobleman and knight
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon|William de Redvers]], English nobleman
* [[September 21]] 
** [[Caupo of Turaida]], king of [[Livonia]] 
** [[Lembitu]], Estonian military leader 
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Jean de Montmirail]], French monk (b. [[1165]])
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Isabella, Countess of Gloucester|Isabella]], English noblewoman (b. [[1174]])
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Philip of Dreux]], French bishop (b. [[1158]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Ibn Jubayr]], Andalusian traveller (b. [[1145]])
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Gyōi]], Japanese monk and poet (b. [[1177]])
* [[Abd al-Haqq I]], ruler of the [[Marinid Sultanate]] (b. [[1147]])
* [[Jigten Sumgön]], founder of the [[Drikung Kagyu]] (b. [[1143]])
* [[John of Ferentino]], Italian [[notary]] and cardinal (b. 1150)
* [[Maria Comnena, Queen consort of Jerusalem|Maria Komnene]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (b. [[1154]]) 
* [[Nijōin no Sanuki]], Japanese noblewoman (b. [[1141]])
* [[Niketas Choniates]], Byzantine historian (b. 1155)
* [[Philip Simonsson]], Norwegian nobleman (b. 1185)
* [[Reginald of Bar (bishop of Chartres)|Reginald of Bar]] (or '''de Mouçon'''), French bishop
* [[Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford|Richard de Clare]], Norman nobleman and knight
* [[Simon of Pattishall]] (or '''Pateshull'''), English judge
* [[Torchitorio IV of Cagliari|Torchitorio IV de Serra]], Sardinian judge (b. [[1190]])
* [[Wang Chuyi]], Chinese [[Taoism|Daoist]] philosopher (b. [[1142]])
* [[William I, Count of Sancerre|William I]], French nobleman and knight (b. [[1176]])
* [[William de Lanvallei]], English landowner and knight

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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