Editing 1216

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year dab|1216}}
{{Year nav|1216}}
{{C13 year in topic}}
[[File:HenryIII.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Coronation of [[Henry III of England]]]]
Year '''1216''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

===By continent===
==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; [[First Barons' War]]: The English army, led by [[John, King of England]] ("Lackland"), sacks the town of [[Berwick-on-Tweed]] and raids southern [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]. John pushes up towards [[Edinburgh]] over a ten-day period. On his return, he puts down a revolt in [[East Anglia]]. On [[March 24]], he arrives at [[Hertford]] to deal with the challenge of a coming French invasion.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=77–79|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[April 10]] &ndash; Ten-year-old [[John I of Sweden|John I]], son of the former King [[Sverker II of Sweden|Sverker II]] ("the Younger") succeeds [[Eric X of Sweden|Eric X]] ("Knutsson") as King of Sweden, when Eric dies of fever at the end of a 8-year reign, at [[Näs Castle]] on the island of [[Visingsö]]. 
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lipitsa]]: The Kievan princes [[Mstislav Mstislavich]] and [[Konstantin of Rostov]] defeat Konstantin's younger brothers [[Yuri II of Vladimir|Yuri II]] and [[Yaroslav II of Vladimir|Yaroslav II]] for the rule of the Principality of [[Vladimir-Suzdal]] (modern [[Russia]]).
* [[May 18]] &ndash; King John of England assembles a naval force to defend against a French invasion. Bad storms disperse the fleet, and John spends the summer reorganizing defenses across the country. He sees several of his military household desert to the barons, including his half-brother, [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury|William Longespée]], who is the commander of John's army in the south.<ref>Turner, Ralph V. (2009). ''King John: England's Evil King?'', p. 194. Stroud, UK: History Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7524-4850-3}}.</ref>
* [[May 21]] &ndash; Prince [[Louis VIII of France|Louis of France]], son of King [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ("Augustus"), invades [[Kingdom of England|England]] in support of the barons, landing in [[Isle of Thanet|Thanet]]. He enters [[London]] without opposition, and is proclaimed, but not crowned, King of England at [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]]. In June, Louis captures [[Rochester Castle]] and [[Winchester]], and soon controls over half of the English kingdom.<ref name=CBH/>
* [[June]] &ndash; The rebel English barons besiege [[Windsor Castle]] and [[Dover Castle]]; the latter is strategically important as the 'gateway to England', controlling the shortest route to [[Kingdom of France|France]]. Meanwhile, King John uses [[Corfe Castle]] in the southwest as his base of operations while he plans his campaign against the barons and the French invading army under Louis.<ref>Green, Neal (2021). ''The Siege of Berkhamsted  Castle - a reappraisal'', p. 4. Academia Letters, Article 1834.</ref>
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Albigensian Crusade]]: French forces under [[Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse|Raymond VII]], count of [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]], besiege [[Château de Beaucaire|Castle Beaucaire]] in May. After three months, the occupants are running low on supplies and surrender to Raymond.<ref>Dell'Umbria, Alèssi (2006). ''Histoire universelle de Marseille. De l'an mil à l'an deux mille'', p. 27. Marseille: Agone. {{ISBN|2-7489-0061-8}}.</ref>
* [[October 19]] &ndash; Ten-year-old [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] succeeds his father, King John of England, when the latter dies of [[dysentery]] at [[Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire]]). [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (2nd Creation)|William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke]], becomes [[regent]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/133|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/133 133–135]}}</ref>
* [[November 12]] &ndash; William Marshal and Cardinal [[Guala Bicchieri]], Italian diplomat and [[papal legate]] to England, issue a [[Charter of Liberties]], based on [[Magna Carta]], in the new king's name.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Powicke|first=Maurice|authorlink=F. M. Powicke|title=The Thirteenth Century 1216–1307|series=[[Oxford History of England]], vol. 4|publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=2nd|year=1962|page=5}}</ref>

==== Levant ====
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Leo I, King of Armenia]] ("the Magnificent"), with support of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], reconquers the [[Principality of Antioch]]. Armenian troops enter [[Antioch]] while Prince [[Bohemond IV of Antioch]] ("the One-Eyed") is absent. The [[Knights Templar]], supporting Bohemond, abandon the citadel, and [[Raymond-Roupen]] is installed as [[Prince of Antioch]] by the Latin Patriarch, [[Peter of Lucedio|Peter II]].<ref>Kenneth M; Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry (eds.). ''A History of The Crusades, Vol II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311'', pp. 522–554. The University of Wisconsin Press. {{ISBN|0-299-04844-6}}.</ref>
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Az-Zahir Ghazi]], Ayyubid ruler of [[Aleppo]], dies after a 23-year reign. He is succeeded by his 3-year-old son [[Al-Aziz Muhammad]]. Because of his young age, Toghril becomes Al-Aziz's regent or guardian (''[[atabeg]]'').

=== By topic ===

==== Literature ====
{{main|13th century in literature}}

==== Religion ====
* May &ndash; Pope [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]] travels to [[Perugia]] to try to settle the long feud between [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] and [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]], that both states might contribute to the transport of the [[Fifth Crusade]]. There, after a short illness, Innocent dies on [[July 16]]. Two days after his death the aged Cardinal Cencio Savelli (later [[Pope Honorius III|Honorius III]]) is elected as the 177th pope of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 123. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[December 22]] &ndash; Honorius III officially approves the Order of Preachers (the [[Dominican Order]]), by the [[Papal bull]] ''[[Religiosam vitam]]''.
* [[Ballintubber Abbey]] is founded by King [[Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair]] of [[Connacht]], in [[Ireland]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Robert I, Count of Artois|Robert I]], French [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1250]])
* [[Al-Mahdi Ahmad bin al-Husayn]], Arab ruler (d. [[1258]])
* [[Bernard Ayglerius]] (or '''Aygler'''), French cardinal (d. [[1282]])
* [[Saint Contardo of Este|Contardo of Este]], Italian nobleman and knight (d. [[1249]])
* [[Eric IV of Denmark|Eric IV]] ('''the Plowpenny'''), king of [[Denmark]] (d. 1250)
* [[Eric XI of Sweden|Eric XI]] ('''the Lisp and Lame'''), king of [[Sweden]] (d. 1250)
* [[Henry V of Luxembourg|Henry V]] ('''the Great'''), count of [[Luxembourg]] (d. [[1281]])
* [[Liu Bingzhong]] (or '''Liu kan'''), Chinese adviser (d. [[1274]])
* [[Nijō Yoshizane]], Japanese nobleman (''[[kugyō]]'') (d. [[1270]])
* [[Safi al-Din al-Urmawi]], Persian musician (d. [[1294]])
* [[Stephen Longespée]], English [[seneschal]] (d. [[1260]])
* [[Zahed Gilani]], Arab [[Sufism|Sufi]] leader and writer (d. [[1301]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Guy II of Dampierre]], French nobleman
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Theodore II of Constantinople|Theodore II]], patriarch of [[Constantinople]]
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex|Geoffrey de Mandeville]], English nobleman
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[Eric X of Sweden|Eric X]] ('''Knutsson'''), king of Sweden (b. [[1180]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Princess Sukeko|Sukeko]], Japanese princess and empress 
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Henry of Flanders]], Latin emperor (b. [[1178]])
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Peter of Lucedio|Peter II]] ('''of Ivrea'''), patriarch of [[Latin Patriarchate of Antioch|Antioch]]
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Az-Zahir Ghazi]], Ayyubid ruler of [[Aleppo]]
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[John, King of England|John]] ('''Lackland'''), king of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (b. [[1166]])
* [[Eustace de Vesci]], English nobleman and knight (b. [[1169]])
* [[Fujiwara no Ariie]], Japanese nobleman and poet (b. [[1155]])
* [[Ida, Countess of Boulogne|Ida of Boulogne]], French noblewoman and ruler (b. [[1160]])
* [[Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen]], Tibetan spiritual leader (b. [[1147]])
* [[Kamo no Chōmei]], Japanese poet and [[Essay|essayist]] (b. 1155)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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